![Epica magna](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2007_13579.jpg)
Epica magna
Epica Magna
Excerpts from Mircea Pora (Moarte şi supravieţuire) and Eugen Curta (Acasa la zeita)
More...Excerpts from Mircea Pora (Moarte şi supravieţuire) and Eugen Curta (Acasa la zeita)
More...Keywords: Caragiale; burlesque; materiality; gastronomy; transcendence
Part of a larger study, this article offers a different perspective on Caragiale’s writings. Staging a world built on hazard and illusion, where the spiritualized Demiurge is replaced by an author playing with collages, many of Caragiale’s texts, such as La Moşi, Repaus duminical, Moşii. Tablă de materii and others, assert his tendency towards a burlesque agglomeration of forms and matters. Sequences reminding of Rabelais, in which digestion is, basically, a sign of life under the sign of hazard, function as attempts to take possession of the materiality of the world and of the text. Refusing the transparence of linguistic signs, words get intoxicated with their own materiality, building up moments of greedy reveries and inebriation of the senses, of verbal delirium and disharmonic harmony. Because the spectacle of the matter conceals (or reveals) the world’s lack of transparency.
More...Termenii de “bioputere” şi de “biopolitică” trimit, aşa cum se ştie deja din ce în ce mai bine, la gîndirea lui Foucault de la sfîrşitul anilor ’70. Deşi utilizaţi adeseori indistinct, atît de filosoful însuşi, cît şi de unii dintre exegeţii săi, cei doi termeni nu coincid decît parţial. Ei au făcut, de altfel, obiectul unor recente analize, care dovedesc interesul crescînd pentru această perioadă a creaţiei foucaldiene şi pentru tematica dezvoltată în scrierile sale publicate deja sau în curs de publicare. Altfel, primul număr al revistei Multitudes are ca obiect “Biopolitica şi bioputerea” (Exils, Paris, martie 2000), în timp ce revista Cités a consacrat un număr special acestei teme: “Michel Foucault: de la războiul raselor la bioputere” (PUF, Paris). Dintre lucrările din ultimii ani care tratează aceste teme, trebuie în primul rînd amintită excelenta analiză a lui Hubert Dreyfus şi Paul Rabinow, Michel Foucault. Beyond objectivity and subjectivity (Chicago University Press, 1982, 1983, tradusă imediat în Franţa, sub titlul: Michel Foucault: un parcours philosophique, Gallimard, 1984). Două alte lucrări originale, care nu vizează decît parţial filosofia lui Foucault, au contribuit la difuzarea termenilor: mai întîi, provocatorul eseu al lui Giorgio Agamben, Homo sacer. I: Il potere sovrano e la nuda vita (Einaudi, 1995), care deplasează sensibil înţelesul pe care filosoful francez îl dăduse “biopoliticii”; în fine, impresionanta carte a lui Antonio Negri şi Michael Hardt, Empire (2001).
More...Keywords: Czechoslovakia; Romania; 1968 invasion
The Soviet armed intervention in Czechoslovakia in the night of August 20 to 21 upset international politics. Mircea Malita, at the time deputy minister of Foreign Affairs, remembers how the evolution of the Czechoslovak problem was perceived in Bucharest during the 10-day crisis, both from Romania’s point of view and from the angle of the relations between the world’s two superpowers.
More...Keywords: Constantin Dăscălescu,Romanian Communist government; political elites; Emanoil Păsculescu-Orlea; repression; Orthodox priests; Alexandru Rioşanu; Legionary Movement; Northern Bukovina
Constantin Dăscălescu (1923-2003). Constantin Dăscălescu, communist Romania’s last prime minister, rose from the ranks of party activists. He had neither the intellectual breadth of the likes of Ion Gheorghe Maurer and Manea Manescu, nor the statesmanship of Ilie Verdet – the three that preceded him at the helm of the government. Having studied in Moscow, he worked in the local party apparat, where Elena Ceausescu noticed him. Details about Constantin Dăscălescu’s family, education and career can be found in his file for the Cadre Division of the Central Committee. Memorialists Dumitru Popescu and Silviu Curticeanu described his personality profile, character, qualities and especially shortcomings. Emanoil Păsculescu-Orlea (1901-1967). A greatly culture man boasting a vast journalistic and literary activity, Father Emanoil Păsculescu-Orlea was close to the Royal Palace, and also a seminary colleague and friend of future Patriarch Justinian. He served as parish priest of the Mihai Voda Church and chaplain of the Michael the Brave Order. Accused of „counterrevolutionary activity” because of his liberal and monarchist political options and of his courage in speaking up against communism, he was arrested on January 31, 1952 and administratively confined in the prison at Sighetul Marmaţiei, being the only Orthodox priest imprisoned there. Released on July 20, 1955, he was taken back as assistant priest at the Mihai Voda Church, his financial situation being very severe. He died on September 19, 1967. Alexandru Rioşanu (1892 – 1941).On September 7, 1940 Gen. Ion Antonescu appointed Alexandru Rioşanu minister undersecretary of state at the Ministry of the Interior, in charge of the Police and the Security Police. He played an important role in saving several politicians in the night of November 26/27, 1940, during repression by the members of the Legionary Movement. After the liberation of Northern Bukovina, Rioşanu briefly held the position of governor of that region (1941).
More...Keywords: contentieux administratif; acte administratif; oportunité; contrôle judiciaire; excès de pouvoir
L'École de Bucarest vs. l'École de Cluj: guerre de Troie ou pseudoconflit? Essai sur les visions variées de l'opportunité des actes administratifs (mythologie pour les juristes). L'École de Bucarest et l'École de Cluj: deux courants d'opinion – opposés, dit-on – en ce qui concerne les rapports entre la légalité et l'opportunité des actes administratifs. L'opportunité n'est qu'une dimension de la légalité, proclame, sollenellement, la première des deux conceptions. Par contre, l'opportunité est une condition de valabilité, mais pas de légalité, selon la deuxième. Les deux orientations, exprimées par les phrases ci-dessus, sont, certainement, contraires. Au moins du point de vue logique. C'est-à-dire qu'il s'agit d'une guerre, des idées. Les conséquences pratiques sont visibles sur le plan du contrôle des actes administratifs: selon l'avis des premiers, ceux qui sont inopportuns peuvent – et doivent être – annulés par le juge; selon l'avis des autres, si de la condition d'opportunité n'est pas remplie; cela a, pour conséquence, la révocation ou l'abrogation de l'acte (mais pas son annulation). Y-a-t-il une possibilité de désamorcer cette dispute? En ce qui nous concerne, nous avons commencé par l'analyse minutieuse des opinions de chacun des membres éminents des deux „écoles”; et, en aucun cas on ne peut dire que nous soyons en présence de seulement deux opinions irréconciliables, l'une, appartenant aux théoriciens de Bucarest, l'autre, à ceux de Cluj. Par contre, une „école” n'est qu'une multitude d'opininons qui se distinguent les unes des autres par leurs multiples nuances; en plus, il y a beaucoup d'éléments de liaison entre les deux „écoles” distinctes (on doit lire les deux systèmes d'idées concernant le problème ci-dessus). Si la première partie de l'étude est purement théorique, la deuxième propose l'analyse des limites du contrôle juridictionnel de l'opportunité des actes administratifs. Après que la loi no. 554/2004 du contentieux administratif est entrée en vigueur, le problème devait être tranché: l'opportunité d'un acte administratif peut être censurée par l'instance de contentieux administratif si ledit acte a été émis par excès de pouvoir. Mais ce n'est pas si simple que ça. D'une part, parce que la notion même d'”excès de pouvoir” n'est pas sufisamment claire, malgré l'existence d'une définition légale; de l'autre, parce que c'est sûr qu'on n'a pas repondu à la question suivante: le contrôle juridictionnel des actes administratifs est aussi étendu que le contrôle administratif ou bien il est plus restreint? Autrement dit, dans tous les cas où (ou quel que soit le motif pour lequel) l'administration revoque ses propres actes le juge (régulièrement investi) peut les annuler aussi? Ou, par contre, il y a un domaine du pouvoir discrétionnaire de l'administration réservé exclusivement à elle et intangible pour l'instance de contentieux administratif?
More...Keywords: Beria; Stalinist dictatorship; Khrushchev; Ulbricht; Molotov; Grotewohl; Malenkov
The text tackles the relation between the struggles for power within Kremlin that erupted after Stalin’s death, and the violent reprisal of the workers’ revolt of 15-17 June 1953 in GDR
More...“Festivalul Internaţional „Zile şi Nopţi de Literatură”, desfăşurat la Neptun şi Mangalia, în intervalul 7-10 iunie, şi-a ales pentru ediţia a VII-a genericul: „Viitorul literaturii, literatura viitorului”. Are viitor literatura? Şi dacă da, cum va arăta acest viitor? Nu va sucomba literatura sub invazia divertismentului, nu se va pierde în spaţiul virtual? Festivalul de la Neptun s-a situat în trena unor nelinişti care au început să-i macine pe scriitori şi pe consumatorii fervenţi de literatură odată cu învolburarea timpurilor moderne, atunci când „alergătorul singuratic” – omul cu pană, cu pix sau cu maşina de scris – s-a trezit depăşit de imaginarul multiplicat prin canale tehnologice din ce în ce mai sofi sticate, aservit concurenţei comerciale, obsesiei „topului”, goanei după succesul imediat[…]”
More...Keywords: letters; writers; Cioran; Noica; Eminescu; Eliade.
This study follows Cioran's commentaries, considerations and interventions about the Romanian writers as they are found in his correspondence with his close friends. It is about both classic writers like Eminescu and Goga and his contemporaries and colleagues of generation like Eliade, Ionescu, Tutea, Steinhardt, Aron Cotruş, Emil Bota or less known characters like Horia Stamatu. Every time, all Cioran's considerations are set into context and they have to do with the problem of the translation and spreading these writer's work abroad. Cioran talks about the possibility / impossibility of a Romanian writer to be achieved in his own country and within the borders of his language. Leaving the country is a topic associated to that of one's own destiny, but also to the Wallachian fatum. He makes this comparison thinking of Noica, the philosopher who had decided to stay in the country, and of Tutea, the great genius with no work whom Cioran always defended unreserved. Cioran was also concerned because of the absence of the Romanian most important works from the circuit of the European values. These works have been hardly translated and they have been poorly promoted abroad. Cioran makes some interesting considerations upon the genius of a few languages he knew and worked with, such French, Romanian, German and English.
More...Keywords: interdisciplinarity; history; literary history; Publius Cornelius Tacitus
The present paper deals with history interdisciplinarity in Publius Cornelius Tacitus’work. The focus is laid on the interference between history and literary history.
More...Keywords: the German University in Chernivtsi; Austria’s annexation of Bukovina; dissipation of German culture; Constantin Tomasciuc
The festive inauguration of the German University in Chernivtsi was held on 4 October 1875, after 100 years from Austria’s annexation of Bukovina. This was the fifth German University in Austria (besides the universities in Vienna, Prague, Graz and Innsbruck). This institution of high education in Chernivtsi was meant to dissipate German language, culture and science in this part of the empire. The first rector of the University of Chernivtsi was the Romanian Constantin Tomasciuc. It is worth mentioning that the university rectors and deans were elected with no ethnic or confessional restrictions. From its beginnings up to 1912, 44 rectors have been elected, out of which 22 were Germans, and 11 were Romanians, 9 Jews and 2 Ukrainians.
More...Keywords: Keywords: The Triple Alliance; diplomatic relations; Legation; Romania; Italy Parole chiave: Triplice Alleanza; rapporti diplomatici; Legazione; Romania; Italia
Abstract The reopening of the Eastern crisis has caused a new configuration in the traditional relations between Romania and Italy. The establishment of diplomatic relations at legation level between Rome and Bucharest (December 1878) and the signature of a Consular Convention and an Extradition Convention (August 1880) created the legal framework for progressing the relations between the two states. In the context of the Triple Alliance, the joining of Italy to the Austro-Romanian Treaty of October 1883 appears as a large project designed to increase the military cooperation between the allies through naval and military conventions. Italy was thus involved politically and militarily in an area where it had no direct interest to the exclusive advantages in the Austria-Hungary, Romania and Germany. In this way, the Agreement and its provisions constituted a burden on Italy for as long as this country remained tied to this political-military system. The alliance between Italy and Romania will bring a certain intimacy in the relationship between the two governments, at times well-defined (the Balkan question, relations with Austria-Hungary and Russia), but will also create some moments of tension, as it was the case with the violent campaign staged by the Romanian press against Italy in 1912, during the Italo-Turkish war. Riasunto Il riaprire della crisi orientale, ha detterminato una nuova configurazione in quanto riguarda gli tradizionali relazioni tra Romania e Italia. La stabilire dei raporti diplomatici a livello di Legazione tra Roma e Bucarest (nel 5 dicembre 1878), poi la firma a Bucarest, di una Convenzione Consulare e una Convenzione di Estradizione (5/17 agosto 1880) danno il quadro giuridico di sviluppo dei rapporti tra i due stati. Nel contesto della Triplice Alleanza, l’asscensione dell’ Italia al trattato austro-romeno del 30 Ottobre 1883, apparve comme un ampio progetto di estensione della collaborazione militare tra gli alleati attraverso delle convenzioni militari e navali. Cosi, Italia si vede implicata, politicamente e militarmente, in un settore dove non aveva interessi diretti e imediati, in avantaggio esclusivo dell’ Austria-Ungheria, de la Romania e della Germania. In questo modo, l’accordo ei i suoi provvedimenti seguivano a gravare sull’ Italia tanto tempo quanto si manteneva legata a questo sistema politico-militare. L’alleanza italo-romena portera, in qualsiasi caso, ad una certa intimita nei rapporti tra i due governi in momenti ben determinati (le questione balcaniche, i rapporti con l’Austria-Ungheria e con la Russia), ma avra nello stesso tempo i momenti di tensione, comme fu quello della violenta campagna scattata dalla stampa romena contra l’Italia nel 1912, durante la guerra italo-turca.
More...Keywords: real options; expand options; net present value; capital budgeting
After a short introduction presenting the reasons why and the situations when the net present value method cannot be used in capital budgeting decisions, the study enumerates the situations when the real options method can take in consideration also the managerial fl exibility. The case study presented is the case of a cereal warehouse expansion where the future decisions are mainly infl uenced by the cereal prices. The net present value of the project is 207.209 RON while the real option’s value is 673.685 RON which convinces us of the need of the use of real options methodology. From the example above we can derive that the absence of the symmetry between the negative and positive cash fl ows requires the use of advanced fi nancial instruments
More...Keywords: la presse écrite; la véritable manipulation; la manipulation «involontaire»; le discours journalistique
Dans cette approche linguistico-pragmatique du discours de la presse écrite, le phénomène de la manipulation est envisagé dans deux perspectives: à part la véritable manipulation, que l’instance médiatique met en scène pour servir certains intérêts, dont un exemple classique est la campagne médiatique à enjeux politiques de Chile de 1973, nous accordons un traitement préférentiel à un autre type de manipulation, illustrée par l’analyse d’un corpus constitué de quelques articles de trois quotidiens nationaux roumains. Il s’agit de la manipulation «involontaire», d’ordre technique, dont le lecteur avisé est plus ou moins conscient, qui relève du processus de production même de l’information médiatique, des contraintes et des libertés du contrat de communication sous-tendant le discours journalistique. En ce sens chaque instance médiatique devient manipulatrice puisqu’elle présente dans les pages du journal son propre univers, un univers construit suite aux opérations techniques de sélection et de hiérarchisation des informations et au processus complexe de traitement discursif de l’information sélectionnée. Ces deux types de manipulation ne représentent, en fait, que les pôles d’un axe de la manipulation dans le discours de presse, où l’on trouve souvent des dérapages vers le pôle de la manipulation volontaire, dissimulés sous le masque des contraintes techniques, censée servir certains intérêts politiques, économiques ou d’autre nature.
More...Keywords: ordering through; population; communism; International Students Association; Winter Games; Poiana Brasov
Handling and ordering through observe the population mood. Case study: World University Winter Games in Poiana Stalin (1951, January 28th-February 8th.). Unlike the political regimes in which the public opinion plays an important role, in the totalitarian regimes, mistrust in the virtues of communication between the State and the citizens is a basic trait. This paper presents the reality of Communist Romania in the contest of World University Winter Games in Poiana Brasov, at that time called Poiana Stalin. The official propaganda presented the games as a display of the growing force of “democratic” students within the peace movement. Due to the severe limitations imposed both by Securitate and by the International Students Association, a quasi-Communist organization, the atmosphere was very tense and glacial.
More...Keywords: ordering through; population; International Youth Festival; Communist regime; political police
Handling and ordering through observe the population mood. Case study: International Youth Festival in Bucharest (1953, August 2nd-14th). Using manipulation was the only way for the regime to make people believe what the Romanian Communist Party wanted to believe as true. In the communist regimes people are manipulated by means of symbols, especially prosperity symbols. Communist leaders used festivals to increase or consolidate their popularity. One special moment: organizing in Bucharest in August 1953 The Third Congress of the Democratic Youth World Federation and The Fourth Festival of Youth and Students for Peace and Friendship. It was considered that the material and human efforts would pay, due to the propaganda effect of the festivities. So, propaganda was the main purpose of the 1953 events, as it also happened, in fact, with all festivals created by the communist regime. To verify that objectives, the communist leaders used the Securitate, political police of the regime, who takes the measures to mislead the citizens and foreign visitors by manipulating, distorting, falsifying evidence, and observed the Romanians’ morale to induce a mistaken perception.
More...Keywords: neologistic vocabulary / terms / phrases / meanings; literal translation; (mis)adaptation; improper equivalence; calque / loan translation; non-normative approach
The present paper’s aim is to give relevant pieces of evidence supporting the now widely held opinion that, among other lexical sub-domains, a substantial part of the neologizing lingo that today’s Romanian press employs is, virtually, the result of translation (or rather mistranslation) from sources written – or orally delivered – in English. Translation theories sometimes tolerantly point to the fact that rendering may be (more or less – or rather) literal, in which case translation will be seen as a mere “transliteration” of a text or message originally produced in a foreign language. Such messages will (naturally) be perceived as exasperatingly awkward. But the fact that a whole domain of the target-language – viz. the lexicon of contemporary Romanian – is affected by this phenomenon is really serious. The present contribution aims to substantiate some of the various ways and channels that have lately furthered the said influence, which has – directly or indirectly – generated such neologistic terms, phrases and meanings as locaţie, agonie, eveniment, reabilita(re), focusa(re), prioritiza(re), disponibiliza(re), confuza(t), în încercarea de a…, etc. In the context, phenomena and (analogical) mechanisms such as literal translation, literal taking over, misadaptation, infelicitous or improper equivalence, calque / loan translation are discussed. The idiom – or lingo – of today’s Romanian press is succinctly analyzed and appraised as to the relative weight represented by the significant inflow of English loanwords coming into contemporary Romanian. The main issues under scrutiny were: the derived terms originating in English loans, recorded or not by usual Romanian dictionaries, the compound terms construed starting from an English neologism and an already existing word of the Romanian language, the lexical items which came to be favoured as new realia appeared, the new words coming from English and considered either sheer “barbarisms”, or technical / specialized terms, the various items of Romanian “journalese” which smack of lexical English influence. Some of the said terms correspond to a number of realia typical of the English-speaking world, and are massively circulated worldwide in the contemporary society; part of those terms mirror realia belonging to some obviously specialized fields. Similarly, the author analyzed a number of more recent Romanian terms whose meanings are extended, and / or freshly collocated, under the same Anglo-American influence, including most False Friends (that even high-school students should be aware of); plus a host of expressions coined from Romanian terms adjusted to English semantic-syntactic patterns, and the rather numerous word formation elements and mechanisms established by the Englished “vogue”; also, a pool of terms generated, and widely used, under the influence of English, e.g. a returna, a relaxa, and the quite numerous phraseological structures generated by the same vogue.
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