![RAPE AND THE CONSTITUTION OF THE NATIONAL SOLDIER](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2002_4173.jpg)
Keywords: Kulpa: Notes to Fassbinder. Barthes. Foucault. Girard; Fassbinder’s works as an impulse to create the viewers’ own reality; The film Querelle; an image of sado-masochistic love; Fassbinder’s films; an impulse to search for one’s own identity/happiness;
Establishing one’s own unique reality seems a sensible solution to the limitations imposed by the modern world. Feeling lost due to the prevailing social order which makes people act out rigid roles in life is not an abstract concept. Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s films provide viewers with an opportunity to become aware of the almost inherent necessity of creating one’s own existence. In interviews the director himself declared that in fact he was making one and the same film all the time since they all focused around the same existential questions which always remained unanswered. Querelle, 1982, which was strongly criticised, touches the key issue of searching for one’s identity lost in mouldy social stereotypes. The desire for unity is to be fulfilled by love (homosexual love and incest). The relationship between the main character and his brother, however, becomes sado-masochistic. Violence and pleasure are equal elements of their relationship which breaks all social rules. The motive of sacrifice is continuously combined with the motive of rape (René Girard). The beautiful idea of attaining a state of being identical to oneself through another person is brutally wounded by reality, similarly to the way in which the passionate lovers “give birth to the obscenity of their relationship” (Roland Barthes). Trying to achieve happiness means exceeding the limits which have been determined by society. Existence becomes a continuous transgression (Michel Foucault). Hidden desires, dreams and fantasises overcome the hitherto darkness and this is what Fassbinder’s works seem to talk about.
More...219-226 Lepa Mlađenović: Adrijen Rič (1929–2012) - Sedam beležaka o Adrijen Rič / Adrienne Rich (1929–2012) - Seven Notes about Adrienne Rich 227-231 Adriana Zaharijević: Šulamit Fajerston (1945–2012) - „Biti obožavana ne znači biti slobodna” / Shulamith Firestone (1945–2012) - „To Be Worshipped Is Not Freedom”
More...Keywords: Trabzon; Şalpazarı; Çepni; Çuvaş Turks; Birth; Magic
Being able to put the sociological changes of societies clearly will be able to possible by introducing the changes on belief and attitude of mind of the people belong to this society. Especially being discovered and evaluated of the reflex actions which have been enhanced against to different factor by the societies that belong to the same history but live in different geographical areas will be the central pillar of the studies on this subject. In this study some rigid belief and ceremonial applications in postpartum of Cuvaş Turks and Chepni's form Trabozn-Şalpazarı who were tried to christianize after the 16th centruy by assimilation policies applicated by Russians but their old belief systems in all seriusnes will be studied comparatively, the similar and different aspects between the belief in postpartum and applicatons of two Turkish societies from the south and north regions of the Black Sea.
More...Keywords: Bosna i Hercegovina; mostarski okrug; obrazovanje; opismenjavanje; školstvo; školski sistem
The issue of the position of school institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina during Austro-Hungarian rule has grasped attention mainly of earlier historians. Lately, there has been a need for scientific papers which would treat the aforementioned problems from a new aspect. Having in mind current scientific achievements and relevant archive material, this paper is an attempt to analyze the educational-pedagogical work in school institutions as well as to sumarize all relations in the school system of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Austro-Hungarian rule.
More...Keywords: gender-marked phraseology; work; obligation; gender stereotypes; gender-based roles; Croatian language; Russian language
The article discusses Croatian and Russian gender-marked idioms thatdescribe human work and obligations in order to show how this part of phraseo- logy reflects conceptions of work affected by gender stereotypes and the idea of gender-based working roles. Analized idioms illustrate certain gender-based differences in attitudes towards work and obligations, but also confirm that work is considered to be highly valued and appreciated part of human life regardless of these differences. Work is viewed as an activity that provides financial safety as well as a mean of self-realization, while hard work and work without adequatecompensation has a distinctive negative connotation.
More...Keywords: ziemiaństwo;ziemianie;gentry;Wojtkuszki;Mutwica;Cytowiany;Podweryszki
Temat numeru - Ziemiaństwo. Kres epoki: fotografie rodu Kossakowskich z przełomu wieków; Mutwica po przejściu fal I wojny i rewolucji; obraz Czombrowa - symbolu gniazda szlacheckiego; adminstrator uznany przez Generalne Gubernatorstwo; dziennik końcowych chwil domu pod okupacją sowiecką; między lasem a dworem - w partyzantce na Wileńszczyźnie; świadectwo schyłku ziemiaństwa z początku 1945 roku
More...Keywords: Virginija Woolf;Bloomsbury;A Room of One's Own;Orlando;androgyny
The aim of this paper is to give an overview of literary works of Virginia Woolf, mostly of her novels and point to the influences and changes that inspired her modernist and feminist thought, resulting in recognition of her as a major female modernist writer of her age. The second part of the paper deals with the issue of androgyny, which is crucial in Woolf's artistic creation and is present in both her novels and her essays. Different critical approaches speak in favour of an androgynous spirit of this modernist writer, emphasizing complexity of her art.
More...Keywords: Glasinac area; skulls; graves; Skulls of the Glasinac; prehistoric inhabitants; tribal community;
Die Abhandlung ist einer Revision und neuerlichen Bearbeitung des osteologischen Materials aus den in der Zeit von 1892 bis 1897 ausgegrabenen Hügelgräbern des Gebietes vom Glasinac (Südostbosnien) gewidmet. Dieses Material wurde von A. Weisbach (mit L. Glück) veröffentlicht. Weisbachs Angaben fanden unter der Bezeichnung »Schädel vom Glasinac« in die europäische wissenschaftliche Literatur Eingang, wurden als Quellenangaben über die anthropologischen Eigenschaften des prähistorischen Bewohners dieses Gebietes behandelt und sehr oft als sichere Quellenangaben über die anthropologischen und Rasseneigenschaften der Illyrier überhaupt benützt45. Die Notwendigkeit, dieses Material zu überprüfen und erneut zu bearbeiten, entsprang den Bemühungen des Zentrums für balkanologische Forschungen, in sein Programm auch physisch-anthropologische Forschungen über die Urbewohner des Balkans einzubeziehen, weshalb das früher gesammelte und veröffentlichte Material dieser Art zunächst revidiert und zeitgemäß zu bearbeiten war. Die Verfasser stellten sich dabei folgende Aufgaben: 1) eine mögliche Beziehung der Urbewohner des Glasinacer Gebietes zu den Illyriern (im engeren und weiteren Sinne) im Lichte des heutigen Forschungsstandes in der Frage der Illyrier zu bestimmen; 2) die Authentizität und Brauchbarkeit des früher gesammelten und von Weisbach veröffentlichten osteologischen Materials aufgrund der von den Ausgrabungen zur Verfügung stehenden Angaben festzustellen; 3) das chronologisch verläßliche und brauchbare osteologische Material in der Anthropologischen Sammlung des Landesmuseums in Sarajevo auszusondern; 4) das solchermaßen ausgesonderte und identifizierte osteologische Material neuerlich zu bearbeiten und mit Hilfe moderner Methoden der physischen Anthropologie vorzulegen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit bring B. Čović folgende Hauptergebnisse und Schlußfolgerungen: a) Die Bevölkerung, die in der Eisenzeit das Glasinacer Gebiet (sowie einige benachbarte Gegenden Montenegros und Südwestserbiens) besiedelte, gehörte höchstwahrscheinlich der Stammesgemeinschaft der Autariaten an. Vom Standpunkt antiker schriftlicher Quellen aus besteht kein Hindernis, diese Bevölkerung (sofern es sich um Autariaten handelt) als Illyrier (im weiteren Sinne des Wortes) zu betrachten. b) Es besteht eine außerordentliche Übereinstimmung in einer größeren Zahl von Manifestationen materieller und geistiger Kultur des Glasinacer Gebietes der Eisenzeit einerseits und des Gebietes um den Fluß Mati in Albanien (also eines illyrischen Gebietes par excellence) andrerseits; demnach können die Bewohner des Glasinacer Gebietes vom Standpunkt des archäologischen Materials der Eisenzeit aus als Illyrier (im weiteren Sinne) betrachtet werden8. c) Von den Untersuchungen im Glasinacer Gebiet waren in der Zeit von 1888 bis 1897 über 1200 Grabhügel erfaßt. In den Tumuli befindet sich selten je ein Grab, in der Mehrzahl der Fälle handelt es sich um 2,3 oder mehr Bestattungen, die derselben Periode, aber auch verschiedenen Perioden der Vorgeschichte (von der frühen Bronzezeit bis zum III. Jahrhundert v.u. Ztr.) entstammen können. Außerdem gab es in diesen Tumuli auch nachträgliche Bestattungen aus der Römerzeit (III. und IV. Jahrhundert n.u. Ztr.) wie auch Gräber aus dem Frühund Spätmittelalter. Da ein großer Prozentsatz von Gräbern auch ohne Beigaben ist, wird klar, daß sich von solchen Gräbern nur eine kleine Zahl datieren läßt, und zwar entweder aufgrund der stratigraphischen Lage oder aufgrund der Form der Grabkonstruktion, während der überwiegende Teil der Gräber ohne Beigaben nicht datierbar ist. Das osteologische Material aus solchen Gräbern ist unzuverlässig, weil es einer beliebigen Periode der Vorgeschichte, der Römerzeit oder dem Mittelalter angehören kann und für Schlußfolgerungen über anthropologische Eigenschaften der Urbewohner dieses Gebietes keinen Wert besitzt. d) Die oben genannten Tatsachen wurden von den Forschern, ganz besonders von A. Weisbach, außer Acht gelassen; außerdem entbehrte die Manipulation mit dem osteologischen Material der nötigen Aufmerksamkeit, so daß für die Mehrzahl der in die anthropologische Sammlung gelangten Schädel keine Angaben darüber vorhanden sind, aus welchem Grabe sie stammen (angeführt ist nur die Nummer des Tumulus, nicht aber diejenige des Grabes im Tumulus). e) In seinen endgültigen Schlußfolgerungen hat Weisbach den Zusammenhang zwischen dem archäologischen und anthropologischen Material völlig vernachlässigt und hat seine Schlüsse nur aus den anthropologischen Eigenschaften der untersuchten Schädel gezogen. So unterscheidet er eine Gruppe »alter Brachyzephalen«, die er den Illyriern zuschreibt, eine Gruppe von »Dolichozephalen«, die er den Römern zuweist, und eine Gruppe »jüngerer Brachyzephalen«, die er zu den Slawen zählt, ohne überhaupt zu berücksichtigen, was für archäologisches Material neben den Schädeln, die er jeweils in eine dieser Gruppen einordnete, gefunden worden war44. Noch größere Fehler begingen die Autoren, die Weisbachs Angaben übernahmen, dabei aber das gesamte, von Weisbach veröffentlichte Material den »Glasinacer Illyriern « zuschrieben und von da aus noch weitreichendere Schlußfolgerungen über die anthropologischen und rassischen Eigenschaften der Illyrier überhaupt zogen45. f) Es war deshalb nötig, alle verfügbaren Angaben über die Tumuli und einzelnen Gräber, aus denen das gesammelte osteologische Material stammt, sorgfältig zu überprüfen. Die Revision zeigte, daß von insgesamt 63 Schädeln des Glasinacer Gebietes, die Weisbach bearbeitet hatte, nur 21 ganz sicher oder mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit prähistorischen Bewohnern dieses Gebietes zugeschrieben werden können. Außer diesen gewissermaßen verläßlichen 21 können noch 3 Schädel bestimmt werden. Von den übrigen 39 entstammt einer der Römerzeit, zwei sind mit Sicherheit mittelalterlich, 5 wahrscheinlich mittelalterlich und 31 Exemplare (beinahe 50%) sind chronologisch nicht zu bestimmen und daher unbrauchbar. Solch ein Ergebnis zeigt allein schon, wie unzuverlässig die aufgrund Weisbachscher Arbeiten gezogenen Schlüsse über die anthropologischen und rassischen Eigenschaften der prähistorischen Bewohner dieses Gebietes sind. g) Von 21 (bzw. 24) sichereren Exemplaren konnten zur anthropometrischen Bearbeitung und Analyse nur 18 herangezogen werden. Die übrigen Exemplare mußte man beiseite lassen, teils wegen ihrer schlechten Erhaltung, teils deshalb, weil sie nach dem Inventar det Anthropologischen Sammlung nicht mit Sicherheit identifizierbar waren.
More...Keywords: scietific life
scietific life
More...Keywords: Sociocultural Context; Gender; Pornography;
The aim of the survey was to examine gendered attitudes toward pornography, as well as justifications for its consumption. The questionnaire was administered to 123 female and male students at the University of Zagreb. The hypothesis stating gender-specific differences in perception and consumption of pornography was confirmed on three levels: the behavioral level, the level of attractiveness of pornography, and the level of attitudes. The results indicate that students (of both sexes) perceive pornography as primarily concentrated on the male audience. The hypothesis stating that different social conceptualization of male and female sexuality is related to the level of pornography consumption was also tested and confirmed. In conclusion, a brief discussion on (post)modern changes in gender-specific perception of pornography is offered.
More...Keywords: Sigmund Freud; women; men; narcissistic woman; beauty of woman; fetish;
Sigmund Freud nudi masivnu potvrdu sljedeće dobro znane teze: ako je žena enigmatična, to je zato što ima dobre razloge skrivati se, skrivati činjenicu da nema što sakriti, prikriti tu »gnojem spunjenu šupljinu« koja riskira kontaminirati i inficirati muškarca. Nastojeći sebe obaviti velom, žena bi zapravo samo nasljedovala prirodu koja je njezin spol svagda već prikrila stidnim dlakama i koja joj, s vremena na vrijeme, kao nadomjestak (un supplement), podaruje ljepotu kako bi muškarcu prištedjela užas izazvan izravnim pogledom na njezine spolne organe. Njezina ljepota, njezine draži bile bi kasna i utoliko dragocjena kompenzacija za njezinu »prirodnu spolnu inferiornost«. Svi razlozi zbog kojih bi žene sebe skrivale i zbog kojih bi željele biti enigmatične, povezani su s potrebom muškarca za stanovitim fetišizmom u kojem bi žena, jer je posrijedi njezin interes, bila suučesnikom. [...]
More...Keywords: Virginia Woolf; essay; modernism; feminis; feminist criticism; feminist essay;
The aim of this paper is to determine to which extent Virginia Woolf, as a critic and an essayist, influenced the development of the essay written by women. Woolf at the same time followed English tradition in essay-writing and introduced some new approaches regarding women's writing. Her essays are at the same time both traditional and innovative. The paper analyses the relationship between feminist criticism and the work of Virginia Woolf, trying to establish Woolf's contribution to modern theory of literature. The terms she introduced and the idea of androgyny are considered from the point of view of feminist criticism, as well as the Woolf's legacy felt in the contemporary feminist essay.
More...Keywords: women's football; women's futsal; Croatian society; (in)equality;
Sport as a social phenomenon is closely related to society per se. Football is a traditionally considered as men's sport in which women, not only in Croatia, are discriminated on several levels. Gender inequality in Croatian society is also reflected in the position of women in football, and the dominant patterns of patriarchal culture have a great influence on spreading of gender stereotypes and the sexualization of female football players. One of the aims of this research was to gain insight from a women’s perspective into a wide range of socially very sensitive topics, addressing different forms of inequality, discrimination and sexism to which women are exposed in football. We were also interested in how the highest-level female football / futsal players see their own position in Croatian society, the problems they face and how their experiences are related to various socialization agents, family, peers, colleagues, friends, education system, media and political and economic structures in Croatian sport and society. We have conducted nine semi-structured interviews with female players and three with informants. The results of the research indicate some progress and a gradual exit of Croatian women's football from the world of anonymity, as well as some progress from traditional to modern understandings of women's football and futsal in Croatian society.
More...Keywords: discourse analysis; pragmatics; mass media; language; sexism
In the paper empirical data have been given in order to proof sexist use of Serbian language in mass media, specifically in newspapers published in last 15 years in Yugoslavia and Serbia.
More...Keywords: autism; autism spectrum disorder; complementary and alternative medicine; treatment;
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which has multifactorial etiology. Parents of children diagnosed with ASD often use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) on the grounds that they do not benefit from traditional medical treatments. In this article it is aimed to clarify the definition of CAM, to examine the prevalence of the use of CAM in ASD, to examine the CAM interventions and their efficacy used in ASD, and to review the studies about use of CAM among children diagnosed ASD in Turkey. For this purpose, publications in the Science Citation Index (SCI) and SCI-Expanded, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, DergiPark, TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM-Turkish Medical Index, Turkish Psychiatry Index and Turkish Medline indexes were reviewed. Although current data on the effectiveness of CAM is limited, considering the usage rates, physicians should be informed about CAM interventions, clearly ask about the use of CAM and share information on the subject.
More...Keywords: Mohammad Omar Farooq; Islamic Law; Sharia law;
Review of: Mohammad Omar Farooq, Ka našoj reformaciji: od legalizma ka vrijednosno orijentiranom islamskom pravu i jurisprudenciji, Sarajevo: Centar za napredne studije, 2020. 288 str.,
More...Keywords: Coronavirus; Covid 19; icon; archetype; science; media; symbol; Sun
The paper deals with the Covid 19 iconology research, from the beginning of the pandemic at the end of 2019 to the end of 2021. The task of the paper is to determine the way of creating a visible image of the invisible “enemy” and designing stable collective representations. The paper discusses the relationship between black and white images and color images, as well as the relationship between scientific images and stylized, aestheticized and inaccurate coronavirus representations, which enabled the virus, invisible to the eye, to become conceivable globally. The hypothesis of this paper is that mediated reality is transmitted and shaped through visual symbols and coronavirus representations. Although many authors have given their opinion on the uniformity of the coronavirus icon and hence its adaptability in different contexts, the authors of this paper claim that the basic representations of the virus media circulation is the archetypal symbol of the Sun, specifically the Black Sun. The paper also deals with analysis of the frequency of content through the example of the photography that appears 109 times on the official Government of Serbia internet web page on the Kovid 19 topic, in English, from March 6 2020 to 9 December 2021, and thus, bears different titles and, accordingly, sends different messages. The conclusion of the paper is that the image-icon, the symbol of coronavirus, mainly represents an aestheticized form of real danger and therefore significantly mitigates it, while on the other hand it plays with the archetype of the Sun or Black Sun through its dual nature, i.e. death and transformation.
More...Keywords: review; fiction; short stories; Leontin Čapo Milenić; Croatian literature;
Review of: Leontin ČAPO MILENIĆ: DJECA CRNIH OČIJU, Planjax komerc, Tešanj, 2021.
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