The article represents a reminder about continuous discourses about women in general and Muslim women in particular. The author here strives to find answers to two issues that at the same time significantly reflect Muslim’s and our Islamic Community’s perception of the position of women. In what way do we as a community appreciate, support, promote and utilise those benefits and knowledge that these women achieve through education? And why in our community the rights of women are directly linked with men’s mercy or to the lack of it therein? Primarily, there is a view which states that a Muslim woman is allowed to and encouraged to work and contribute or to be socially active, but under the condition that she performs all the possible responsibilities towards her family and her house. Such approach demands of those women, who desire to be active in their society, to become “superwomen” who would have to be able to perform double duties and actually do two full-time jobs simultaneously. In the other approach again, Muslims in principle support work and engagement of women as well as their presence and active participation in public sphere. However, in reality they do not exercise such support when their wives, daughters, sisters etc. are concerned. They agree that women should partake in social life of the community, but that’s only in principle and those should be some other women or women in general. The will to make some changes in the traditional men’s position, as would involve additional help at home, distribution of the housework that would bring about the balance of private and public duties and responsibilities of both spouses, is very rare.
More...Keywords: police culture; gender identity; equal opportunities; discrimination
Gender issues in policing, within the structures of the police, its human resources, and within police culture have only recently become the subject of detailed academic research. The number of cross-cultural studies looking into the role of women police officers, their prospects and the obstacles to their full integration is still very low. The available research mostly makes comparisons with the situation in Great Britain and the United States of America. This paper is an attempt to contribute to the analysis of the position of women in policing in some European countries, primarily in countries with a strong traditional and post-communist legacy, such as Ukraine. The present paper interprets certain data relevant to the position of women in police services in other East European countries, continental Europe, and the United Kingdom and the USA. The central subject of analysis is related to equal opportunity policies, issues of discrimination and harass ment cases. The hypothesis starts from conceptual principles of the notion of police culture and the related subjective and objective obstacles to the full integration of women in policing. The analysed results are presented as illustrated trends, and not as definite findings.
More...Okomito pobodena kamena ploča, onako od sebe, odvraćala je maticu Jošanice da ne potkopa temelj Zulfovoj kući. Susjedi bili kuću sagradili došljaku Zulfu. Ko kamen, ko gredicu, ko crijep - nikla tu skraja, malehna, s namjerom da ne bude nikom na smetnji. Ipak, moglo se naći i onih što su priželjkivali da Zulfo nekud nestane, kako je odnekud i došao – ti su stalno i slutili da će Jošanica, ipak, kad - kad bude, Zulfovu sirotinju razvući do Crnoga mora. Ali, Jošanica nikako da skupi snagu sa brdskih otrka, gore, te da što okrnji okomitoj ploči, a prvo njoj mora. Kućica Zulfova, slična razumnu stvoru, čvrsto se uhvatila za tlo, kao da živa duša ne pamti otkad je tu, uspravila se pa nekako viša došla, prkosila i Abidaginoj dvokatnici. U nju, bogami, navraćao je i bjegunac Bajram Hodžić, kurjačina ona, jeo hljeba, a u Abidaginoj nije. A Zulfo pred svakim zemlju grizao, poricao. Nije, pa nije. Zbog nove narodne milicije.
More...Keywords: Michelangelo Antonioni ; movie ; tetralogy ; accidents ; time
Michelangelo Antonioni is an Italian director whose images leave the viewers in a state of subtle suspension. His films oscillate around existential matters which, above all, are ruled by the forces of chance and coincidence as well as neuroticism, so characteristic to his whole creative activity. Director’s discerning observation does not end where a decision or a fleeting change is communicated to viewers. With visuality, he tries to reach the deepest structures of human consciousness. Antonioni is a true artist-philosopher, trying to answer the fundamental question – is human life governed by coincidences?Michelangelo Anotnioni to włoski reżyser, którego obrazy pozostawiają widzów w stanie subtelnego zawieszenia. Jego filmy oscylują wokół egzystencjalnych zagadnień, którymi rządzi przede wszystkim przypadek, jak i neurotyzm, tak charakterystyczny dla całej jego twórczości. Wnikliwa obserwacja reżysera nie kończy się na tym, aby widzom zakomunikować jakąś decyzję czy ulotną zmianę. Stara się za pomocą wizualności dotrzeć do najgłębszych struktur świadomości człowieka. Antonioni to prawdziwy filozofujący artysta, próbujący odpowiedzieć na zasadnicze pytanie – czy ludzkim życiem rządzi przypadek?
More...Keywords: gender inequality; gender; subjection; literature; gender;
When it comes to gender inequality, regardless of which part of the world we are talking about, whether it is the West, which has made considerable progress in the application of equal rights in practice, or the non-West, which follows such a policy, but it is more difficult to implement in reality, it is still impossible to talk about the achieved equal rights of women and men. Even today, this inequality hides the possibility that the social community treats the female gender with disdain, and if a woman tries to resist this, she is most often exposed to public lynching. Many feminist theorists show in their research that such foundations were laid far in the past, and sacred texts confirmed what was already part of everyday gender politics even before monotheistic communities.
More...Keywords: anthroponymic loanwords; foreign and fashionable names; declension of nouns in the Croatian language;
The most popular personal names in Croatia are of either Christian, or of common national or Slavic origin, but because of globalization, ideology, media influence, desire for originality and uniqueness, the number of anthroponymic loanwords is increasing in the onomastic database of the Croatian linguistics.Foreign and fashionable personal names have been recorded using the note-making method and on a sample of 320 primary school students. The main goal was to identify which and what kind of foreign and fashionable names are given to Croatian pupils most frequently, what lexical and grammatical characteristics these names possess, according to which declension and orthographic rules they are used in written language and how they are adapted to the Croatian linguistic system. The data were analyzed using three variables: the participant’s age, place of residence and parents’ education. According to the initial hypotheses, we expected that the number of foreign and fashionable names would keep increasing, that they would be more common in urban than in rural areas and that most of the students would not be able to keep the morphological changes of these names within the standard language norms. Since given names are usually nouns or nominalized adjectives, a category-based analysis of the corpus was conducted while data processing and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, which enabled us to identify the statistically significant difference between the variables. The research has shown that more than a half of the participants carry a foreign or a fashionable name, although the research has also confirmed that the anthroponymic loanwords, due to their maladjustment to the Croatian linguistic system, present a grammatical and orthographic problem to students. In oral and written communication, such names tend to cause difficulties so they do not become part of the active vocabulary of primary school students. On the other hand, such names are official and legal, so the standard Croatian language cannot mark them as incorrect, despite their irregularity.The results of this research could serve as an incentive to adapt foreign and fashionable names to the Croatian linguistic system, so that students could use them correctly in everyday communication without the fear of making a mistake.
More...Keywords: artificial intelligence; AI; ChatGPT; scientific papers; copyright; ethics
We stand at the threshold of a revolution in science. It is possible that soon scientific writing as we know it will undergo a rapid change, all thanks to the ChatGPT 3.5 language model. The appearance of this tool on the technology market in November 2022 caused a massive stir among Internet users and the academic world. It turned out that chat has the potential to generate completely new and unique scientific texts. In the wake of ChatGPT, similar tools by technology giants came and are coming. Given the above, the scientific community has only a brief moment to try to answer the following questions: whether the texts generated in this way have real scientific value, whether it is ethical for researchers to use them, how to regulate copyright on the use of AI, what are the potential capabilities of artificial intelligence for writing scientific papers. The indicated themes are reflected in the presented text. Stoimy u progu rewolucji w nauce. Możliwe że już w najbliższym czasie piśmiennictwo naukowe jakie znamy przejdzie gwałtowną zmianę, wszystko za sprawą modelu językowego ChatGPT 3.5. Pojawienie się tego narzędzia na rynku technologicznym w listopadzie 2022 roku wywołało ogromne poruszenie, nie tylko wśród użytkowników Internetu ale także w świecie akademickim. Okazało się że czat ma potencjał generowania zupełnie nowych, unikalnych tekstów naukowych. W ślad za ChatGPT pojawiły się i pojawiają, podobne narzędzia autorstwa gigantów technologicznych. W związku z powyższym środowisku naukowe ma tylko krótką chwilę aby spróbować odpowiedzieć sobie na następujące pytania: czy teksty generowane tym sposobem mają faktyczną wartość naukową, czy stosowanie ich przez badaczy jest etyczne, jak regulować prawa autorskie dotyczące użycia AI, jakie są potencjalne możliwości sztucznej inteligencji w zakresie pisania prac naukowych. Wskazane wątki są przedmiotem refleksji w przedstawionym tekście.
More...Keywords: Nikola Tesla; scientist; Thomas Edison; physics; famous scientists; image
This article examines representations of the Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla in digital games, where he continuously gains popularity. Among twelve games in which he appears the following categories of his attributes were established and described: appearance, location, personality, role, abilities, inventions and relationships, which together create the image of a genius inventor.
More...Keywords: neologisms; English borrowings; semantic evolution;
The article is devoted to the semantic evolution of the word patchwork, which has become frequent in contemporary Polish. This appropriate borrowing from English was registered in Polish lexicography for the first time in 1995. In the twenty years since then, it showed its new meanings different from the original ‘artistic handicraft technique, consisting in stitching together pieces of material of different colours and shapes’, ‘composition resulting from the use of this technique’ and ‘product formed in this manner, for example bedspread, tapestry, clothes’. Nowadays, this lexeme can refer to any term referring to a particular or abstract designatum which ‘creates a coherent whole, but consists of various elements’ and also – as a derivatives of phraseology the patchwork family – means ‘a family founded by parents, at least one of whom has had a previous unsuccessful relationship or marriage involving their common children, their children from previous relationships, and sometimes also former partners and their relatives’.
More...Keywords: stereotype; destereotypization, depiction of the other/neighbour; Macedonian literature; contemporary novel;
Considering the imagological conceptions of the Other by Daniel-Henri Pageau and Gordana Đerić, this text analyses the role of literature in the deconstruction of stereo¬types that circulate in communication between Balkan neighbours. In the focus of our interpretation are three novels of contemporary Macedonian literature (Luan Starova’s Balkanvavilonci, Dragi Mihajlovski’s Mojot Skenderbej and Blazhe Minevski’s Nishan), which are paradigmatic in two ways: 1. they refer to historical events and figures, thus confirming that history is the basic mechanism for the argumentation of stereotypical images; 2. they depict processes of destereotyping both thematically and structurally, but also by their appearance in a particular sociohistorical context, with the aim of promoting supranational, universal, human, civilizational, and cultural values such as love, empa¬thy, forgiveness, dialogue, tolerance, education, love of books, optimism, humaneness, all of which are usually treated as originally European values. Literature, by articulating the processes of destereotyping through the narrative strategies in the works, confirms that it holds the potential to act correctively on systems where different forms of power are based on discrimination and submission.
More...Keywords: Turkish Clothing Culture; Art; Cepken; Islik; Kırsehir;
Culture; It can be defined as the whole of material and moral values that are inherited from their ancestors, covering knowledge, art, morals, customs and traditions, all abilities and habits acquired by people from the society in which they live. Islik and cepkens, which are important elements of the culture, which are considered under the sub-title of clothing, which is a product of material culture, are the subject of the research. One of the most important indicators of our culture, the protection of islik and cepkens, transferring them to future generations, promoting them and keeping them alive are among the objectives. It is important to examine and document the islik and cepkens, which are worn out over time and face the danger of extinction, in terms of reflecting the characteristics of the period. The content of the study was taken from the traditional clothes islik and cepken samples in the Kırşehir Museum. The clothes were examined in terms of the material used, color, model, cut, sewing, lining, ornamentation and size properties in accordance with the observation slips created. Detailed photos were taken. By combining the information obtained with today’s trends, one ‘cepken was sewn. It is thought that this study will contribute to the promotion and survival of traditional clothing, which is an important part of Turkish clothing culture.
More...Keywords: Dariusz Jemielniak; Jarema Piekutowski; Ewa Buczek; artificial intelligence; creativity;
Discussion: Dariusz Jemielniak, Jarema Piekutowski i Ewa Buczek („Więź”)
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