Series:Językoznawstwo

Apparent identity. Polish traditionalisms with semantic archaisms

Pozorna tożsamość. Polskie tradycjonalizmy z semantycznym archaizmem

Author(s): Agnieszka Piela / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Polish traditionalisms; semantic archaisms; modern Polish; design verbal

The fundamental purpose of this dissertation is a description of chosen modern word constructions that include semantic archaism. In the limelight are phrasemes, proverbs, compositions and notions which can be called specific language units. Lexical component – archaism or its meaning decides about its specific character. Word constructions elaborated here do not carry the explicit traces of archaic nature. They appear to be modern, identical and nondescript. It approves that the traces of historical presence in modern Polish language are not easily detected, sometimes they may be unnoticed, hidden or even unconscious. For the purpose of this paper, such constructions are named traditionalisms (in opposition to constructions without historic language forms in its composition). The description of preserved to present day semantic units serves as a stimulus for wider thinking about “strength” and “resistance” of former word meanings, types of meaning shades recorded in compositions, reasons for the durability of phrasemes that contain an archaic element and the lack of stabilization of others or reinterpretation processes. The fact that such words kept their ancient meanings in word constructions does not necessarily imply that their meanings are permanent and unforgettable. It may happen that word constructions with a historic language element are now understood differently because of the up-to-date interpretation based on the present meaning of the notion, or may sometimes undergo semantic or even formal modifications. In this paper I connect the diachronic description with the synchronic one. The historical perspective, that allows to reach former, original sense of words, gives also the possibility to observe changes that emerged in the referred phrasemes over the centuries. In contrast, the synchronic perspective, in general, allows to capture linguistic facts that coexisted in a particular period. Herein, I discuss separately each word construction with semantic archaism and show its history in Polish language. The method chosen to present the research is a result of difficulties in segregation of the material into bigger semantic groups, categories or word-formative types. It relates to the fact that the stabilization of multi-faceted linguistic units does not depend on the particular types of meaning shades in compositions or their structure, or affiliation to some parts of speech, but that constructions in which given word appears are still needed and nowadays used by Polish speakers. Above all, in this thesis I concentrate on Polish phrasemes with semantic archaisms that abide with the passage of time. Furthermore, I write about the word units which have a recessive character as well as recall extinct word constructions. The methodical observation of the exemplification material leads to the conclusion that word constructions are changeable at each progress stage. It can be clearly seen while looking at the problem from a wider time perspective. Therefore, it is hard to foresee the future of semantic traditionalisms in Polish language and the determine units that will stand the test of time.

Translation in Culture. Vol. I

Translation in Culture. Vol. I

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: artistic translation; series of translations; reception; culture; Hoffman; Shaw; Merwin; Graham; Kay; Fforde; “The Thousand and One Nights”; Bible; Psalter

A Glossary of Southern Silesian Surnames of the 19th Century

Słownik nazwisk mieszkańców południowego Śląska XIX wieku

Author(s): Izabela Łuc / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: surname; Cieszyn Silesia; 19th Century

The glossary comprises over 11.200 surnames of the inhabitants of the southern part of Silesia, which in the 19th century belonged to the Duchy of Teschen. The data have been excerpted from archival sources. The volume presents an annotated collection of anthroponyms, demonstrating the processes of formation and consolidation of the 19th century Cieszyn Silesia names in the city of Cieszyn and in the surrounding towns, villages, settlements and hamlets. The collected material includes both native and foreign names, which helps establish the proportion of the inhabitants of the region who were born in other parts of the country or who were of another nationality. This approach also demonstrates the layers of culture that had been accumulating throughout the centuries. Neither the organisation nor the structure of the glossary follows closely the existing anthroponomasticons. Its design was driven by the specific character of the names collected and subordinated to the research goals, which involved as thorough as possible an analysis of the sources.

Polish automotive language at the beginning of the 21st century (on the basis of the material furnished by hobbyists portals)

Polski język motoryzacyjny początku XXI wieku (na materiale portali hobbystycznych)

Author(s): Wioletta Wilczek / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: hobbyists portals; gender linguistics; automotive portal; virtual communication; gender stereotypes

The work contains a linguistic analysis of automotive portals which are examples of hobbyists websites. The linguistic material was drawn from general automotive portals and portals intended for women. The examples are not uniform as far as their form is concerned – they originate from various links of web portals, therefore they are represented by various genres of expression and their quality varies. The source of description constitutes aboveall articles, statements of users expressed in fora, tests of cars and opinions thereof, pieces of advice, interviews, editorials and commentaries. The two main research perspectives involve gender linguistics and sociolinguistics. The selection of the research perspective was determined by the peculiar nature of the material – the content and the purpose of portals distinctly determined the methods of description. The main problems associated with the theoretical and methodological contexts are presented in the first part of the work. The context of internet communication enabled the author to introduce the concept of cybergender i.e. the gender which functions on the Internet. The second chapter contains a description of the material. This chapter presents general information about automotive portals (against the background of internet websites of hobbyists) and the webpages which are analysed in the work. The description also involves the genre field of the automotive portal.The subsequent two parts of the monograph, divided according to the research perspectives, constitute an analytical part. The dominant area of analysis as far as genre linguistics is concerned has to do with the linguistic values which are ascribed to women and men and the possibilities of transcending these values i.e. most frequently the occurrence of a given property in a representative of the opposite sex. The two most common shifts in this respect has to do with the emotionality and expressiveness of the language of men and the expertise and professionalism of the language of women. One of the important aspects of research turned out to be the category of the stereotype associated with the beliefs about a given gender. In this respect one of the more important points has to do with the pejorative image of the woman driver which consists of a number of elements which inform about the poor abilities of the fair sex in the area of driving a vehicle. The components of this stereotype include e.g. difficulties in parking a vehicle, confusion of the left/right directions, insufficient driving speed, careless manoeuvres, enhancement of one’s makeup and holding a telephone conversation while driving a vehicle. The prevalence of opinions which negatively qualify women drivers is testimony of the permanence of gender stereotypes associated with motorisation.The group of users of automotive portals was treated as a social group and the vocabularywhich is peculiar to this group appears to be an element of a sociolect. In the part whichis devoted to the sociolinguistic level the most important lexical and semantic fields in thecontext of the automotive sociolect were distinguished. Among the groups which were analysed we may mention e.g.: terms which refer to cars and motorcycles, brands and models of vehicles, vocabulary associated with using a vehicle, the elements of a car or a motorcycle,the professions associated with motorisation. Taking into consideration the grammaticalcontext determined the most productive means of expressing: diminutives and terms ofendearment, neologisms, neosemanticisms or borrowings. The thematic areas which arepresented determine the areas of interest and communication of the portal users, and theyalso indicate the sources of automotive vocabulary. The expressivity of many forms is testimony of the role of motorisation in the lives of users and of the emotional relationshipbetween a vehicle and its owner, which is expressed also by animisation and anthropomorphisation of cars and motorcycles. The research which was conducted revealed a complex area of vocabulary associated with motorisation and the variety of linguistic means which occur in the said sociolect.The analysis of selected automotive portals emphasised the basic problems which arecrucial from the perspective of car- and motorcycle-related themes, and the aspects whichare frequently mentioned on the aforementioned websites. The division into general portalsand women-oriented portals was the reason for the sharper distinction of the category ofgender and gender-related stereotypes. The female profiling of the sender and the receiveris testimony to the existence of automotive themes in the lives of women and of the fact thatwomen engage these themes from a female perspective which emphasises elements whichare crucial for them (e.g. maternity or beauty). Women-oriented portals are also a field ofstruggle with stereotypes and the means of popularising automotive knowledge among therepresentatives of the female sex.However, many examples prove that there is only one gender in the world of cars andmotorcycles – the gender of a good driver. The complexity and the variety of themes determined the choice of crucial problems, motivated by an attempt at creating a wide spectrum of problems associated with web hobbysts portals associated with motorisation.

Iterativity in the Machine Translation. Object-oriented Analysis of French Verbs of Movement. Translated into Polish as Jechać / Jeździć (on the Basis of Present Tense Forms)

Itérativité dans la traduction automatique. Analyse orientée objets des verbes de mouvement français traduits en polonais par „jechać / jeździć” (sur la base des formes du présent)

Author(s): Michał Hrabia / Language(s): French,Polish

Keywords: iterativity; verb aspect; Machine Translation; object class

The subject of the following study is the object-oriented description of the complex problem of movement verbs’ iterativity for the purpose of the automated French-Polish translation. The study consists of three fundamental parts, where the two first are theoretical and descriptive. Since the author perceives iterativity as a universal aspectological phenomenon, the first part is entirely devoted to the chosen onomasiological theories of verb aspect: Zeno Vendler’s verb classification, Francesco Antinucci’s and Lucyna Gebert’s semantic theory of aspect, the topological model by Jean-Pierre Desclés and the theory of aspect as seen by Stanisław Karolak (presented on the backdrop of the semantic-based grammar model). The second part is focused on semantically-directed theories of computational lexicography, which can be applied in the aspect description: the Meaning-Text model by Igor Mel’čuk, Gaston Gross’s object classes’ theory and Wiesław Banyś’s object-oriented approach. The third part concentrates on practice. It is a presentation of results of the object-oriented approach method application in the disambiguation of the French verbs of movement translated into Polish as jechać or jeździć (aller, rouler, circuler, conduire, prendre). The author, founding his study on a detailed analysis of concrete examples of possible uses derived from an extensive corpus, creates thirty-eight syntactic-semantic schemes conditioning the translation of the analysed verbs by the semelfactive form ( jechać) and forty schemes for the iterative form (jeździć). The study also includes a listing of exemplary elements of the object classes used in the disambiguation.

Soul, Body and the Taboo. On the Sacred Nature of the Pre-Indo-European Formative *u in Latin Terminology Regarding Anatomy

Dusza, ciało i tabu. Studia nad sakralnością praindoeuropejskiego formantu *u w łacińskiej terminologii anatomicznej

Author(s): Katarzyna Tilgner / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: taboo; body and soul; Pre-Indo-European language; Latin; morphology

The author of the monograph Soul, Body and the Taboo investigates the hypotheses of two German scholars of the first half of the 20th century: Franz Specht and Wilhelm Havers, according to whom, one of the Pre-Indo-European formatives—the formative *u—was at its roots deeply connected with the sacred and the supernatural. For that reason, the formative was included in the words denoting objects of sacred, dangerous, supernatural or taboo nature. In her search of the echoes of the formative *u, the author focuses predominantly on the analysis of those body parts which, according to the English philologists James G. Frazer and Richard B. Onians, were supposed to be regarded by thePre-Indo-Europeans as the vessels of the soul, the main object of the taboo. Apart from that, the author analyses the names of organs which played vital parts in the practices of the haruspices, as well as those body parts which could arouse fear due to either the virulent forces residing within them or magical and apotropaic character. The etymological study focuses first and foremost on Latin nomenclature. However, the author refers also to Pre-Indo-European nomenclature and the current state of other Indo-European languages. Theetymological analysis is further strengthened through the cultural study of the beliefs and superstitions of ancient Romans, which they might have inherited from their ancestors.

The Puzzle of (Un)Countability in English. A Study in Cognitive Grammar

The Puzzle of (Un)Countability in English. A Study in Cognitive Grammar

Author(s): Grzegorz Drożdż / Language(s): English

Keywords: Cognitive Grammar; Uncountability; Countability; extension of meaning

„The book is divided into two main parts: theoretical and analytical. In the theoretical part, there are three main chapters. In the first one, we make an overview of the major views on countability and uncountability, indicate their major characteristics, point to the insights that each of them has made, and collect the regularities of count-to-mass and mass-to-count shifts that have been observed within them. The second chapter introduces Cognitive Grammar (CG) and its terminological apparatus. It discusses the major assumptions of CG: its approach to meaning, to the noun, and to countability and uncountability. The first part concludes with a chapter that compares the claims found in other branches of linguistics and those made within CG.The analytical part is divided into four chapters. In the first one, we present the methodology of the analysis. In the second chapter, we present the schemas and patterns of semantic extension that we determined after an analysis of mass extensions of 30 count nouns. In the third chapter, we present the results of an analysis of count extensions of 30 mass nouns. The final chapter sums up the analysis and provides a discussion of the results.” (from Introduction)

Literature up Close and from Afar. Writings on Glottodidactics

Literatura bliska i daleka. Szkice z zakresu glottodydaktyki

Author(s): Bożena Szałasta-Rogowska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Literature up Close and from Afar; Glottodidactics; Literature

The texts included in this book result from the author’s discoveries of interestingpoems and short stories, and her willingness to share their attractiveness with other readers, with a special emphasis on the students of Polish as a foreign language. This book, however, is addressed most of all to the educators – mainly those working in the field of glottodidactics – who would like to guide their students in the journey through Polish literature.The book, divided into three chapters, is a collection of articles devoted to practical possibilities of using literature and paintings during foreign language courses. The papers included propose mainly intensive reading practice, that is, reading fiction originally written in Polish. Literature up Close and from Afar. Writings on Glottodidactics is a book that proposes looking at literature both from a distance – since it is appreciated as a reservoir of subjects and cultural heritage – and up close – for the author analyses particular pieces. The propositions for literary glottodidactic meetings are usually based on a specific idea. The ideas include, for instance, exploring literary texts that correspond to paintings (Wordy Images part), the feeling of nostalgia and emigration poetry (Close Feelings from Afar part) or tabooed subjects such as death, old age, or illness (It Is Difficult to Talk part) duringclasses.The first part presents most of all the methodics of working at foreign language courses rooted in paintings and literary texts referring to them that revolve around – on the one hand – the role of particular objects in our lives and – on the other hand – the abstract notion of freedom. The author focuses on the analysis of chosen works of art both from Poland (for instance by Józef Mehoffer, Tytus Czyżewski, or Zbigniew Pronaszko) and from the world (for instance by Pieter Bruegel). Interpretations of Olga Tokarczuk’s short story Szafa and poems by Wisława Szymborska, Grażyna Zambrzycka, and others complement the description of the paintings.The second part of the book shows the possibilities of exploring the potential of poetry during the course of Polish as a foreign language. Classes revolving around nostalgia, identity issues, or problems connected to not feeling at home in a foreign space are exemplified mainly by Polish emigration poems (for example by Bogdan Czaykowski and Marek Kusiba).The final part of the book touches upon difficult, tabooed questions. The author not only points to the need to talk about such delicate and intimate issues as anorexia or the position of elderly people in the society, but also emphasises the significance of cultural differences present in multinational student groups. It is literature that can perform the role of a soothing mediator in this difficult discussion during the foreign language course.

Labial-Dorsal Interactions: A Phonologically Based Approach

Labial-Dorsal Interactions: A Phonologically Based Approach

Author(s): Artur Kijak / Language(s): English

Keywords: Element Theory; place of articulation; labial; dorsal

"This work has proposed a novel approach to the intrasegmental structure ofdorsals based on detailed synchronic, diachronic, intra-linguistic, and crosslinguisticanalysis of interactions between labials and dorsals."

Specialised Languages. Glottodidactic Theory and Practice

Języki specjalistyczne. Teoria i praktyka glottodydaktyczna

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish,Italian

Keywords: glottodidactics; glottodidactician; specialised languages; foreign languages; teacher; specialised knowledge

The volume is devoted to defining the notion of “specialised languages,” and to presenting problems and dilemmas encountered by foreign language teachers, whose duty is to provide students with language education with elements of specialised knowledge. The texts collected in this book are the effects of experiences of practising teachers dealing with glottodidactics. Working in various educational contexts, the authors are foreign language teachers at higher education institutions or at modern philology departments of higher education institutions. This collection of texts written by teachers-glottodidacticians shows their reflections, knowledge, and practical experiences in teaching specialised languages – the expressions of their own explorations.The editors believe that this volume will become not only a source of knowledge and ideas how to cope with teaching specialised languages, but also an inspiration for further searches of teaching methods and techniques that are more motivating, effective, varied, and able to go beyond the curriculum of a language course, realised by means of less traditional didactic materials.

Linguistic landscape in Scuol as the manifestation of the culture and language diversity of the local community

Linguistic Landscape in Scuol als Ausdruck der kultursprachlichen Vielfalt der lokalen Gemeinschaft

Author(s): Lesław Tobiasz / Language(s): German

Keywords: linguistics; Scuol; culture diversity; language diversity; local community

This work discusses the phenomenon of the existence of different languages in the public space in Scuol, a famous health resort and tourist locality in the Swiss canton of Grisons. The official language of the town is Romansh, but almost all citizens speak fluently German. The author concentrates on the analysis of visible texts in the commercial center of the commune. He analyses also the linguistic landscape in the old historical part of the locality as well the use of different languages at the train station and at the valley-station of the cable car Motta Naluns, both very important places for inhabitants and tourist visiting Scuol. The research shows that German is the most visible language. Romansh appears in the first place in proper names and in the information about the opening times whereas long texts written only in this language are very rare. English is the third most common language in the public space, but it appears relatively rarely taking in consideration the importance of Scuol as the tourist locality. Other languages play practically a marginal role. The relatively weak position of Romansh and the dominance of German indicate that in Scuol the existence of the oldest language of Switzerland is endangered.

Interdisciplinary encounters: Dimensions of interpreting studies

Interdisciplinary encounters: Dimensions of interpreting studies

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: interpreting studies; interdisciplinarity; public service interpreting; conference interpreting

Interdisciplinary encounters: Dimensions of interpreting studies brings together researchers, scholars, practitioners, interpreters and interpreter trainers, who share their research results, perspectives and experiences regarding the interdisciplinarity in the field of interpreting studies. This interdisciplinarity is well reflected in the range of topics covered and research questions asked. From the interplay of interpreting and linguistics to the interplay of interpreting and psychology, to mark quite arbitrarily only two distinct epistemologies, and hence distinct methodologies. // “This volume is an excellent addition to the Interpreting Studies literature. The cutting-edge research presented by a wide range of international experts demonstrates the strength of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of interpretation. The volume will be of great benefit to educators, students of interpreting as well as experienced practitioners.”– Robert G. Lee, Senior Lecturer in BSL and Deaf Studies, University of Central Lancashire, UK

Assessment and measurement of language proficiency. Selected theoretical and practical aspects

Ocenianie i pomiar biegłości językowej. Wybrane aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne

Author(s): / Language(s): English,French,Polish

Keywords: evaluation; testing; language proficiency; CEFR; foreign language teaching; testing techniques; teaching materials

The volume deals with various aspects of student assessment and language proficiency in the glottodidactic process, as well as problems faced by foreign language teachers at different stages of education. This volume includes texts by Authors who are researchers of learning and teaching processes at an academic level, as well as those who are more oriented towards practical considerations regarding the evaluation of language proficiency in the context of language learning at university classes or at school. The monograph covers two main thematic areas: the issue of different forms of evaluation and validation processes of language measurement tools, and presents the problems faced by teachers in specific cases, illustrating them with possible solutions through the use of innovative forms of student evaluation. The monograph includes interesting material both in theoretical and practical aspects. This volume is aimed at teachers of glottodactics at different levels of foreign language teaching, who are offered new solutions for the evaluation of language proficiency in different learning contexts.

The units of language in a system and in a text 2

Jednostki języka w systemie i w tekście 2

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Polish

Keywords: the units of (a) language; morphology; vocabulary; semantics; pragmatics; cultural linguistics; historical linguistics; translation; comparative linguistics; the Russian language; the Czech language; the Croatian language

The set of problems engaged in the texts which are presented in the monograph reflects the multifariousness of research perspectives in modern Slavic linguistics with reference to both traditional and novel methodological approaches. The authors’ focus has to do with the problems of the description of the units of the Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Czech and Croatian languages at the particular levels of these languages. The linguistic units are examined not only as elements of a system but also as components (which are varied genre-wise) of early and modern texts. Apart from the analyses which draw from structuralist traditions there are also ones in which linguistic phenomena are considered in a broad social-political-cultural context. The publication is a collection of pieces which are devoted both to one language as well as comparative studies: Polish-Russian, Polish-Czech, Polish-Croatian, Russian-Czech ones. There are also texts which are devoted to the problems of translatology. The broad range of problems which are engaged by the authors from Poland and beyond enables the reader to familiarise himself or herself with the areas and trends of work conducted by the particular academic centres. We hope that it will also become a source of inspiration for further research endeavours.

A history of (a) language in the 21st century. The current state and perspective

Historia języka w XXI wieku. Stan i perspektywy

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: a history of (a) language; methodology; research sources; lexicology; the regional Polish language; stylistics; historical-linguistic education

The volume constitutes the gleanings of the 1st Congress of the Historians of (a) Language which was held in Katowice. The purpose of this scholarly meeting was to present the scholarly accomplishments of historical linguistics which were achieved heretofore and to present the most important research plans of the discipline. Almost 150 scholars who represent this field participated in the Congress. The participants engaged various themes which arranged themselves in the following subject blocks: I. The methodological dilemmas of modern diachronic linguistics II. Historical-linguistic research and the universal problems of linguistics III. The sources which are used in diachronic research IV. Lexicology and lexicography V. The regional Polish language and the dialects VI. Communication. Genology. Stylistics VII. The historical-linguistic knowledge in university education The volume features a very important supplement in the form of a transcript and a report of two panel discussions which focused on the following problems: 1. “The research and methodological challenges of historical linguistics”; 2. “The teaching-related tasks of historians in reference to the national communicative community in the past and in the present”. The opinions of the representatives of the scholarly community about the position of diachronic linguistics in linguistic research, the opinions about the fundamental problems and dilemmas are certainly relevant to all people who are interested in the progress of the research in (a) language. The value of the present volume is further enhanced by the last part which is devoted to the events which celebrated the conferring of the name of a distinguished linguist, Irena Bajerowa, to the Institute of the Polish Language of the University of Silesia. The opinions of the Friends, Family Members and the Students which were preserved represent the scholarly and, at the same time, the cordial nature of this significant event.

Cultural advertising codes. The world of meaning in advertising from the perspective of socialization

Kulturowe kody reklamy. Świat znaczeń w reklamie z perspektywy socjalizacji

Author(s): Emilia Bańczyk (Kałuzińska) / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: media socialization; advertising; child

The purpose of my dissertation is the reconstruction of socialization offer of advertising. The choice of this topic involves contemporary cultural transformations and results from observation that the process of entering an individual to society is more often accompanied by the media, and with the recognition that advertisement has a meaningful impact in today’s world – as the transfer of general social knowledge. These two concepts: socialization and advertising become description subject in the theoretical part of the thesis. Television has become an important factor of socialization, as the research indicates, which shows that the average nursery school child watches television up to three hours a day. Young viewers like to watch advertisments, they are also the extremely absorbent audience and prolong the existence of commercial messages, drawing from them inspiration for fun and for the children’s folklore. To evaluate the potential of the socialization of advertising, I analyse advertising spots broadcast on channel TVP ABC. Children as recipients of fables become here automatically receivers of many advertising messages. Arousing children’s interest advertising has the potential to shape the image of the world’s youngest viewers, providing knowledge about products, but also about values, stereotypes or social roles. In this way conceptualization of reality from advertisments can be internalized by the child audience. Advertising as a multicode, polisemiotic message, requires also multidimensional description. I am ordering the collected material using content analysis – taking into consideration the category of advertised products, as well as promoted in spots values and social roles in which the main ads character are being occupied. Then I am taking a closer look to the selected advertisement and doing their semiological analysis, to check how a single spots in its plots reproduce the social order and in what way modify it. Finally, I am studing advertising spoken texts, supporting with the concept of the Lublin school of ethnolinguistics, I am trying to reconstruct an linguistic picture of the world carried by the advertisements. Reconstruction of advertising socialization offer shows that advertising equates children recipient with an adult, presenting post consumption world where dreams are realized through loans. Picture of the social roles is filled with stereotypes, however, we can notice some elements of changes, ie. fathers taking care of children or active female character presented away from home. The meaning of advertisements creates three pragmatic areas: CONSUMPTION AREA, UNLIMITED POSSIBILITIES AREA and EXISTENCE AREA. The child learns from advertising texts that „new is better”, that it can do in life, whatever it wants, and, that life is inseparably connected with money, while home and family are disconnected.

At the Sources of Words

U źródeł słów

Author(s): Marcin Maciołek / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: etymology; lexeme; sources of words; linguistics; synonym of speaking; synonym of language

"The following work has primarily a didactic and popularizing character, although descriptions of different linguistic phenomena do not lack precision typical of strictly scholarly works; after all, meticulousness is a hallmark of philology. Also, I do not avoid the entirely new perspectives as far as the etymology or formal-semantic development of some of the analyzed lexemes is concerned. // I direct this book at both the foreign students of Polish and the Polish people sensitive to the beauty of their mother tongue – students of Polish philology and other humanities as well as mere enthusiasts of the Polish language. Since this study is addressed to a wide range of Readers, I decided not to use the methodological framework required of an academic text except for the bibliography of major publications (mainly dictionaries) used in the preparation of particular entries, which I provide at the end of the book.(from the “Introduction”)

English semantic loans, loan translations, and loan renditions in informal Polish of computer users

English semantic loans, loan translations, and loan renditions in informal Polish of computer users

Author(s): Marcin Zabawa / Language(s): English

Keywords: language contacts; semantic loan; lexical tracing paper; phrase paper; corpus; specialist language; Internet language; language of internet forums; language of computer science

It is common knowledge that Polish is under a strong influence of English nowadays. In the past, such influence was largely restricted to lexical borrowings, noticed and commented upon both by linguists, in the literature on the subject (see especially the monographs by Mańczak-Wohlfeld 1994, 1995, 2006), and by non-linguists, for instance in the popular press. Nowadays the picture is different: English continues to affect Polish at the level of lexis; however, other spheres are not free from the English influence, either. Thus, apart from lexical loans, which have already been relatively thoroughly researched, semantic borrowings, loan translations, loan renditions, and semi-calques (all of which attracted much less attention from linguists) appear with a high frequency as well. In addition, minor types of influence, manifested through the existence of syntactic and morphological loans, can also be detected; such spheres as spelling or punctuation are also under the influence of English, particularly in the more informal varieties of Polish texts. /fragment of the introduction/

The literary text within the scope of linguistics. Vol.2

Tekst literacki w kręgu językoznawstwa. T. 2

Author(s): Ewa Sławkowa / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: style; artistic language; semantics; phraseology;literary onomastics;

This book is a continuation of the studies presented in the 2012 volume Tekst literacki w kręgu jęz ykoznawstwa [The literary text within the scope of linguistics], which, generally speaking, attempted to demonstrate that the dialogue between fiction and linguistics – called for in theoretical studies and much needed in academic teaching – is possible.Like the first book, this second volume of The literary text aims at showing that the focus on a literary text does not mean that the teacher or the student must necessarily give up their linguistic interests or passions. On the contrary, direct contact with a work of fiction may turn into a valuable intellectual adventure, generating the energy necessary to enter the field of linguistic studies and become acquainted with the wide variety of interesting theories they offer. After all, the knowledge of language and the study of literature do not constitute two separate worlds. In its present shape linguistics is part of knowledge of the human being: the culture, worlds of values, and ways of thinking and communicating with others. Literature addresses the same issues. Coming face to face with a literary work may be a chance for linguistics to demonstrate its full potential as a truly humanistic science.The book proposes a specific mode of reading of a literary text, which in the first volume was referred to as “a linguistic reading”. This reading mode consists in entering the supposedly inaccessible world of linguistic issues without giving up on the cognitive satisfaction and aesthetic pleasure which the act of reading brings.The volume consists of thirteen chapters, of which five comprise the theoretical and eight the practical part of the book. They present different perspectives, including polemical views, on selected current issues in linguistics, such as the relationship between language and culture, cognition and thought, and language, ethics and individual biography. The central concern among them, highlighted throughout the volume, is the problem of authorial language and style. Various theoretical aspects of this issue are discussed in chapters forming the first part of the book. They are mostly synthetic in nature, their aim being to present a possibly complete picture of the problem. They offer an overview of theoretical stands and research perspectives on the study of the vocabulary, phraseology and language (style) of particular authors in the context of stylistic varieties of the Polish language.The second part of the book is practical in nature. Each chapter proposes an analysis of selected literary material (coming from a single source or several texts), with a view to presenting particular linguistic theories with the categories and research tools that they have developed.

Spaces of translation Vol. 2

Przestrzenie przekładu T. 2

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Polish

Keywords: artistic translation; specialist translation;interlinguistic transfer;

The present monograph is devoted in full to the issues of translation. The articles are the outcome of academic reflection upon the problems of interrelations between language and culture, upon the phenomenon of intercultural transfer, upon the functioning and reception of translated texts. The research results presented here take into consideration various methodological and ideational approaches. The volume is intended for both theoreticians and professional translators, as well as for all those who are interested in this area of study.