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In Germany, Islamic radicalism is not a new and unknown phenomenon and departures of jihadists to conflict regions have been recorded before. However, the present scale of this phenomenon, alongside threats formulated towards Germany, has made Germans aware of the size of the risk. The Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) considers several hundred individuals who in recent years travelled to fight in the war alongside groups from which they originate to be one of the greatest threats to Germany’s internal security. Despite the fact that they have not organised any attack on a scale comparable to that of the attacks carried out in Madrid, London, Paris and Brussels, through their presence and activity, Islamic radicals permanently residing in Germany exert a certain influence on how the German state and society function. Moreover, their existence is a symptom of a deep problem which is unlikely to be automatically resolved if and when Islamic State collapses, the possibility to travel to the conflict regions is blocked, and the jihadists returning from these trips are taken to court. The problem of the radicalisation of Muslims living in Germany will likely grow in the coming years. The biggest fear experienced by security services and politicians involves this radicalisation translating into acts of violence and terror carried out in Germany, the potential reaction to these by German radicals, and the social and political consequences of such conflicts. Despite not being interconnected, recent attacks involving migrants (the summer of 2016) have made the slogans promoted by anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim groups all the more credible. Topics referred to in these slogans include: the impossibility of integrating Muslims, crime among immigrants, and the state’s failure to fulfil its commitments towards its citizens.
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The author presents the causes, course and consequences of the so-called umbrella revolution in Hong Kong in 2014. The protests should be interpreted in the wider context of the changes that followed 1997, that is, from the moment of the transfer of authority over the region to the People's Republic of China. Although they lasted less than three months, they left a significant mark on the internal situation and the party system as well as the social-political attitudes of the residence of Hong-Kong (Hong-Kongians).
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A new form of 'transformational crisis' has been observed in Bosnia and Herzegovina since at least 2005. Politicians representing the three major ethno-political communities (Bosnians, Croats and Serbs) have successively been raising disputes and have employed various political tools to preserve the conflicts instead of resolving them. As a result, the central state institutions and organisations have been weakened and attempts to replace them with narrower ethnic structures have been made. This is increasingly paralysing the state, thus impeding its everyday operation and preventing its structures and legislation from being modernised; had this been achieved, it would have resulted in a real acceleration of the process of Bosnia's integration with the EU and NATO. The present crisis is also an effect of the disagreement between the key international players - the European Union, the United States and Russia - over the 'plan for Bosnia' and the role and duties of the Office of the High Representative, who acts on behalf of the international community in the country.
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The author addresses the issue of socio-political changes in Hong Kong which are the effect of the People’s Republic of China taking over sovereignty of the region. The author presents the process of the sinicization of Hong Kong which is progressing despite the limitations which had been placed on the central authorities in Beijing in accordance with the “one country, two systems” principle.
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The monograph is devoted to the institution of truth commissions, treated as an instrument for investigating responsibility for human rights violations committed before the period of systemic transformation. The author presents its functions, operation mechanisms, and its role in the introduction of the democratic system against the background of the development of international humanitarian law and regulations concerned with issues of human rights. The author analyses the work of 22 truth commissions, functioning in, among others, Argentina, Paraguay, South Africa, and the Solomon Islands.
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Oddawana w ręce Czytelnika publikacja pozwala spojrzeć na dzisiejszą dyplomację europejską z różnych perspektyw: od analizy procesu decyzyjnego Unii Europejskiej, przez ukazanie poszczególnych działań realizowanych w jej lokalnym, polskim wymiarze, po ekonomiczno-globalne spojrzenie na efekty poszczególnych decyzji. […] Interdyscyplinarność nauki o stosunkach międzynarodowych determinowała zastosowane w pracy podejście badawcze. Jednym z celów, które postawiła sobie Autorka, było zdefiniowanie nowego ujęcia integrującego metody badawcze z zakresu stosunków międzynarodowych i komunikowania politycznego.z recenzji dr hab. Ilony Biernackiej-Ligięzy, prof. UMCSKonstrukcja pracy wskazuje, że mamy do czynienia z realizacją przemyślanego zamysłu badawczego Autorki. Zwłaszcza podział pracy na część teoretyczną i weryfikację empiryczną podnosi walor publikacji do rangi wysoko ocenianych monografii prezentujących bardzo dobry warsztat naukowy, który powinien być upowszechniany w celach dydaktycznych dla kolejnych pokoleń naukowców. […] Publikacja wyróżnia się na rynku i stanowi inspirujące opracowanie o szerokich walorach poznawczych integrujących różne podejścia badawcze.z recenzji dr hab. Marty WitkowskiejMarta Ryniejska-Kiełdanowicz – politolog, adiunkt w Zakładzie Komunikowania Międzynarodowego w Instytucie Studiów Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. W kręgu jej zainteresowań naukowych znajdują się takie zagadnienia, jak międzynarodowe public relations, studia nad dyplomacją publiczną i kulturalną oraz dyplomacja miast.
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Representatives of science and practicians have for years been looking for ways to shape durable competitive advantages of the country's economy. Their goal has been to find out what actions taken under development policy lead to increasing the competitiveness of individual territories.The territorial and integrated approach to development is increasingly breaking through, which in practice has been reduced to functional areas, including urban functional areas, consisting of the central city and its surroundings, which is the area for the interactive spread of phenomena and processes occurring in the centre.Unfortunately, blockades within urban functional areas have a negative impact on building competitive advantages based on modern factors which rely on human and territorial capital.The publication discusses the cooperation of local government units in Łódź Voivodeship with various partners within urban functional areas, with particular regard to barriers which translate into joint actions for the development of cities and their surroundings.The assessment of the phenomena occurring in this area has made it possible to formulate recommendations for further intervention aimed at improving the cooperation.The results of the research undertaken show particular utility for social and economic development of various territories and can be a starting point for the formulation and implementation of solutions to build relationships between various entities participating in the development processes.
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The authors describe the history of Africa, starting from prehistoric times, throughout the period of early and late European penetrations, to contemporary political problems. They also present issues concerning the history of travel, discoveries, conquest and colonisation. The volume contains a text devoted to the methodology of African Studies. Several articles are based on ethnographic field research and concern contemporary phenomena in Africa.
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The second edition of the Romanian Military Thinking Conference, entitled “Military Strategy Coordinates under the Circumstances of a Synergistic Approach to Resilience in the Security Field”, proposes a topical issue: defence, approached synergistically and intelligently, increases efficiency in our noble mission, that of serving national interests. It is important for the actors involved to reach a common understanding of the concept of resilience, addressed in a double key, as it is specified in the National Defence Strategy for the period 2020-2024. From an organisational point of view, the conference had an academic component, focused on the presentation and publication of scientific articles, and a debate-based component, focused on a practical perspective. Both components of the conference were covered by three sections: Intelligence and Security, Military Theory and Art, Defence Resources Management.
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It was Robert Dahl, more than fifty years ago, who noted the importance of parliamentary opposition and established a framework for studying it. Since the publication of his ground -breaking Political Opposition in Western Democracies in 1966, many scholars, drawing on his work, have pointed out the importance of the opposition for parliamentary democracies. One contemporary author is Helms (2004), who emphasises that limiting the power of the government is a crucial step during the emergence of new democracies. The opposition is the only actor that can exercise influence on the government directly in the parliament where it works. This is why, for instance, Christiansen and Daamgaard (2008) note that opposition parties are the essence of parliamentary democracy. As far as empirical studies are concerned: contemporary political scientists do focus extensively on opposition forces, but they tend to examine non -parliamentary forms of opposition more often. However, there is no gainsaying that some authors have analysed parliaments and their relationships with governments. The research lens is often held to the overall development of parliamentarianism in individual countries, or comparatively across several (see e.g. Ilonszki, 2008; Kopecký, 2005); or authors analyse legislature -executive relations largely on the basis of King’s classic typology of these relations (e.g. Millard, 2008; Pettai and Madise 2006, Kopecký and Spirová, 2008).
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This paper presents comparatively citizens’ views of their personal safety and security at the local level, as surveyed in Albania, Kosovo and Serbia in October 2013, as part of the joint initiative ‘Security Research Forum Belgrade-Prishtina-Tirana’, run by the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy (BCSP), the Kosovar Centre for Security Studies (KCSS) and the Institute for Democracy and Mediation (IDM) from Tirana. The survey was conducted using the same questionnaire in all three communities, taking a representative sample of citizens. In Serbia, 1200 citizens were interviewed, including a sub-sample of 200 citizens in Southern Serbia (the municipalities of Preševo, Bujanovac and Medvedja). The survey in Kosovo encompassed 1119 respondents, including 100 ethnic Serbs residing in North Kosovo. In Albania, 1100 citizens were interviewed. The analysis is complemented by data from 2014 and 2015 in order to show the trends in citizens’ perceptions of personal safety and local security.
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The publication takes a cross-sectional look at the consequences of Polish membership in the European Common Market (ECM). It explores the benefits gained from Poland’s membership in the European Union and estimates the economic results of participating in the ECM: the transfers (structural funds and funds linked to the common agricultural policy), the balance of benefits and costs for Poland resulting from the four single market freedoms: free movement of goods, capital, persons and freedom to establish and provide services. The volume contains reflections on the importance of European funds for the development of Poland, as well as the balance of costs and benefits of the membership for the Polish agri-food sector.
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Carefully selected and first translated into Polish excerpts from academic works, which shaped the international relations science. The anthology reflects the plurality of theoretical, normative and methodological approaches, characteristic of modern international relations science.
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This paper is based on a chapter from the study with the working title ‘White spots – Black spots. Difficult issues in Polish-Russian relations 1918-2008’, prepared by the Polish-Russian Group for Difficult Issues. The study is to be published in Warsaw and Moscow in the first half of 2010.
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Billy Graham, Polish People’s Republic, preacher, USA-USSR relations, religious relations, evangelism, Protestants, BaptistsThe publication discusses the visit of the American preacher Billy Graham to Poland in 1978, presenting its circumstances, course and results. It analyses the causes of the invitation issued by the Polish Baptist Church as well as the attitudes towards it adopted by other Protestant churches, Catholic Church and the authorities of the Polish People’s Republic. It also shows religious relations in Poland and in the world in the 1970s and American presence in communist countries made possible through unconventional methods.
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The present collection of the Higher School of Security and Economics (Volumes I and II) captures the highly fruitful international scientific conference on Artificial Intelligence in Security - Advantages and Threats, which took place in September 2022. The edition contains keynote and plenary papers. They are divided into three scientific panels focusing on topics such as "Artificial Intelligence Systems in Security", "Economic Growth and Sustainable Development" and "Artificial Intelligence in Administration, Public Management and Social Sciences". Speakers include academic authorities from Europe, Asia and Africa. The proceedings of the VUSI conference are published in two volumes by VUSI Publishing. There is also an online abridged version of the publication available on the VUSI website – www.vusi.bg.
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The main aim of the research was to analyze the genesis of the scale and the dynamics of the volatility in the exercise of the mandate of a deputy to the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia and the Assembly of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. I chose national and regional parliaments for analysis to find out to what extent volatlity in the performance of deputies’ mandates interfere in Serbia on these two levels (in other words: how often regional deputies "cross" to the national parliament – and vice versa). Analyzing the intraparliamentary volatility on the personal level, I decided to examine both party-switching and replacement. I tried to refer the findings of the researchers - focused on the systems of consolidated democracy and parliaments at the national level - to the case of unconsolidated democracy and parliaments at various levels: central and regional. An additional goal of the study was to trace the dynamics in the evolution of the party systems in Serbia and Vojvodina, in order to show that in fact these systems remain fragmented and extremely polarized, which is important for the scale and dynamics of the volatility in the exercise of deputies’ mandates.
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W miarę upływu czasu i wzrostu świadomości skutków Brexitu zaczęły się pojawiać, i pojawiają się nadal, jego bardziej pogłębione analizy. Do takich zaliczyć należy monografię Zrozumieć Brexit. […] Autor zaprezentował bardzo dobrą orientację w temacie i umiejętność panowania nad swoim wywodem. Udowodnił, wbrew obiegowym opiniom, że Brexit nie był przypadkowym epizodem, czy też „wypadkiem przy pracy”, lecz logiczną konsekwencją nieufności, która cechowała relacje Wielkiej Brytanii z Europą kontynentalną po II wojnie światowej, i to zarówno na poziomie elit, jak i społeczeństwa. prof. dr hab. Andrzej Antoszewski Łukasz Danel przekonuje, że Brexit był nieuchronnym zwieńczeniem skomplikowanych relacji Zjednoczonego Królestwa z integrującą się Europą, i konsekwentnie prowadzi narrację tak, by udowodnić, że inny scenariusz nie był możliwy. Post factum trudno się z autorem nie zgodzić, zwłaszcza że na każdej stronie wyposaża nas w kolejne argumenty potwierdzające postawioną tezę. […]Książkę świetnie się czyta, gawędziarski styl sprawia, że nawet trudną materię i sporą dawkę faktów przyswaja się z łatwością. Utrzymanie uwagi czytelnika jest tym bardziej zaskakujące, że przecież każdy zna finał szorstkich relacji Zjednoczonego Królestwa ze Wspólnotami Europejskimi. Mimo to wiele fragmentów książki Danela poziomem emocji przypomina polityczny thriller. prof. dr hab. Anna Pacześniak
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