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DUSZPASTERSKO – PATRIOTYCZNA DZIAŁALNOŚĆ PROBOSZCZA Z ŁĄKORZA KS. PAWŁA DUNAJSKIEGO (1867-1957)

Author(s): Dawid Galanciak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

The article devoted to pr. Paweł Dunajski (1867-1957) is a part of the cyclew ritten by the author in order to save from oblivion people who dedicated their lives to implementing the Gospel through education and service to the local communities. The spiritual life of the Łąkorz parish, cooperation with the local school, patriotism, the concern for music and sensitivity to the needs of other people present the multidimensionality of the priestly service of pr.Dunajski. The life of Paweł Dunajski is a part of the rich history of Łąkorz and the diocese of Toruń.

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BISKUP KIELECKI CZESŁAW KACZMAREK (1895–1963) W WYBRANYCH DOKUMENTACH MIECHOWSKIEGO APARATU BEZPIECZEŃSTWA Z 1961 ROKU

Author(s): Paweł Glugla / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

In the years 1938-1963, Fr. Dr. Czesław Kaczmarek was the Ordinary of theKielce diocese, whose Miechów deanery is located in the Krakow area. His pastoral care for the diocese was at an extremely difficult time – the Second WorldWar and the communist period in Poland. After being released from a prisonterm which was the result of the proceedings taken by the communist apparatusof the PZPR, and with his final return to Kielce in 1957, the church hierarchywas constantly under surveillance and perceived as the enemy of communism.Every step and every word of the bishop was diligently recorded by the security apparatus and reported to superiors. From archival reports of the securityservices kept at the Institute of National Remembrance come three documentsfrom 1961 concerning Bishop Kaczmarek’s time in Miechów, which are edited inthis article. On the one hand, there emerges from them the straightforwardnessand genuine concern of the bishop for his particular church, and on the other,the ruthlessness of the communist apparatus of repression and the strenuousstruggle for the atheization of the Polish nation and the efforts to subordinatethe Catholic Church to the totalitarian ideology of Marxism-Leninism.

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ZAANGAŻOWANIE POLITYCZNE KRÓLEWICZA KARDYNAŁA FRYDERYKA JAGIELLOŃCZYKA ZA RZĄDÓW JANA OLBRACHTA (1492-1501)

Author(s): Grzegorz Grąbczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

Prince Frederick, Cardinal Jagiellonian (1468-1503), is one of the most outstanding, though still unrecognizable representatives of the Polish episcopateat the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. As the youngest son ofKing Casimir IV Jagiellonian and Elizabeth of the Habsburg family, he wasdestined to become a clergyman, in order to support the dynasty on behalf ofthe Church. Frederick fulfilled this task perfectly. Climbing quickly the levelsof church dignity as bishop of Cracow (from 1488), then while maintainingthe Wawel Cathedral, also the archbishop of Gniezno and the primate (from1493) and the cardinal (1493), he showed an effort in pastoral matters of thedioceses entrusted to him, as well as undertaking significant activities in thepolitical arena. He devoted special merits to his older brother King John I Olbracht (1459-1501). He skillfully elected him to the throne of Cracow in 1492and then managed the state during the Black Sea expedition of Olbracht in 1497and repeatedly supplied the royal treasury with significant amounts of moneyfrom the church fund. As a politicain, Cardinal Frederick displayed an excellent sense and orientation both in the internal state and on the internationalarena. The aim of the article is to outline the political biography of FrederickJagiellonian by recalling his actions in the era of Jan I Olbracht.

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W OBRONIE CHRZEŚCIJAŃSKIEJ EUROPY – BITWA POD LEGNICĄ – 9 KWIETNIA 1241

Author(s): Sławomir Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

The Tatars – Mongols invasion of Poland in 1241 left fundamental mark on the Polish and European’s pages of history. The heated researchers’ discussions and public debates cause difficulties in making unambiguous reenactment oft he historical events from 1241. Reliable historical sources are fundamentally concentrated on the battle’s fact and Henryk Pobożny’s death. However, carrying out the battle’s circumstances and context, we may see the vision of the prince as a medieval hero, a defender of the faith and even a martyr.

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AN UNRECONCILED LOSS: DEPORTATION, ASSIMILATION AND IDENTITY OF UKRAINIAN MIGRANTS IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN POLAND AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Author(s): Tomasz Karol Mantyk / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2019

Artykuł przedstawia doświadczenie przymusowego przesiedleniaUkraińców z południowo-wschodniej Polski na dawne terytoria niemieckiepo drugiej wojnie światowej. Wpierw przedstawia przyczyny i przebieg operacji przesiedleńczej, nazwanej przez władze kryptonimem „Wisła”. Następnieskupia się na trudnym procesie asymilacji w nowym środowisku, analizująców proces z wilii perspektyw: psychologicznej, ekonomicznej, kulturowej, religijnej i językowej.

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ZRZUT BRONI W LUBLI Z DNIA 1 LIPCA 1944 ROKU

Author(s): Marcin Nabożny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

The weapons airdrop in Lubla on 1 July 1944 belonged to one of the most dangerous weapons delivery operations for Polish partisans. It took place as part of the third period of airdrops, which was codenamed “Riposta” (Polish for “Retort”) and lasted from 1 August 1943 to 31 July 1944. In that period, 205airdrops were made. The efficient retrieval of the dropped weapons by about100 Home Army soldiers from nearby towns and villages enabled the local partisans to engage in combat against both German and Soviet occupiers. The historic plaque installed on 7 July 2002 in the School Complex in Lubla commemorates the airdrop.

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POWSTANIE AKCJI KATOLICKIEJ W POLSCE W OKRESIE MIĘDZYWOJENNYM

Author(s): Łukasz Pałacki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

The mission of the Church that has been created by Christ not only needsthe leadership of a hierarchical structure but also the group of lay believers whoact as active supporters and helpers in the proper and effective functioning ofthe institution. Prudent and thoughtful engagement of the laity in the apostolicendeavours and responsibilities have been appreciated by the pope Pius XI, whoestablished a society called Catholic Action. This organization has undertakenvarious apostolic and priestly activities in many countries throughout Europe,including Poland, as it was building a unified nation after gaining nationalindependence in the beginning of the twentieth century. This time in historyhas created extraordinary opportunities for the laity as Catholic Action wasopening its structures and setting goals. In retrospective, such activity can beperceived the providential tool that has played an important role in the development of the Catholic Church in Poland.Examining the level of participation and engagement of the Catholic Actionin the matters of the Church before the Second World War, one may boldly saythat it was a very well developed association gathering an enormous numbera of lay believers. It had a pivotal role in assessing the social, cultural politicaland economical needs in practically every community and responding to thoseneeds in an active way. The development of the Catholic Action was phenomenal between the years of 1918 -1939. In the first ten years of its existence,it was predominantly popular among the elites of the catholic intelligentsia,burgesses, but also peasantry. In 1939, there were 750,000 members in thisorganization, which ranks it among the most influential in the social arena ofPoland at that time.

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„PRZYJACIEL CHRZEŚCIJAŃSKIEJ PRAWDY” NAJSTARSZE POLSKIE CZASOPISMO TEOLOGICZNE: STUDIUM W OPARCIU O EGZEMPLARZE PRZECHOWYWANE W BIBLIOTECE ITPIWSD W RZESZOWIE

Author(s): Agnieszka Przywara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

Explicit beginnings of theological journalism in Poland date back to the30s and 40s of the 19th century. The oldest periodical related to the activity ofCatholic Church was, issued in the Przemyśl diocese in the years 1833-1840,quarterly “Przyjaciel Chrześcijańskiej Prawdy”. This periodical, founded bya priest Michał Korczyński, was aimed to rise the intellectual level not only ofthe diocesan clergy but also of the higher social classes.In the Library of the Theological and Pastoral Institute and the Seminary ofRzeszów is stored a copy of the periodical issued for eight years, which is thefoundation of Polish theological journalism. This article is aimed to bring thisperiodical, forgotten today, important for the development of scientific literature.

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LIFE AND SUFFERING FROM JEWS IN GALICIA 1914-1918. SYNTHETIC HISTORICAL STUDY

Author(s): Dariusz Szkutnik / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2019

Niniejsze opracowanie dotyczy sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej Żydówzamieszkujących tereny Galicji Wschodniej i Galicji Zachodniej w latach1914-1918. Ukazanie złożonej problematyki badawczej w tym okresie, popartejkonkretnymi faktami historycznymi, wskazuje na wieloaspektową problematykę szeroko rozumianego antysemityzmu, uwarunkowanego często różnymiczynnikami politycznymi, ekonomicznymi i kulturowymi.

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O potrzebie transnarodowego spojrzenia na „kwestię kobiecą” pod zaborem pruskim na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Agnieszka Szudarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2020

So far the research on the “woman question” under the Prussian partition has been dominated by the national paradigm. Through it Polish women were presented as female guardians of the national identity who were not interested in the battle for women’s rights. On the other hand, there has been no research on the engagement of German women and information about it was limited to their commitment to nationalism. Therefore an image emerged in which those women were depicted as coming from two neighbouring but hostile nationalities and societies. However, the most recent research revealed that some cases of cooperation existed. In order to analyse them, however, we need to use another analytical perspective: abandon the paradigm of conflict and instead take the opportunities brought about by the transnational turn in historical research. Transnational history deals with everything that floats and meets beyond the borders of states and societies, and that also includes the concepts that mobilised women to get involved. Therefore it allows to discover common ground for Polish and German women under the Prussian partition that might have laid foundations for a community of shared values to address the “woman question”.

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Wzorzec kobiety w prasie dla katoliczek w Polsce międzywojennej: przypadek periodyku „Kuźniczanka” (1931–1936)

Author(s): Ewa Maj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2020

The purpose of the article was to show the image of the woman in the interwar Poland, based on “Kuźniczanka” (1931–1936), a Catholic magazine. The article presents the history of Szkoła Domowej Pracy Kobiet (School of House Work for Women), founded at the end of the 19th century by Jadwiga Zamoyska (née Działyńska) – an eminent social activist, a patriot and a Catholic. Her life was an example of an ideal life of a woman dedicated to work for the common good. The analysis of “Kuźniczanka” let us find out how the image of the ideal woman was created. Especially when remembering that the interwar period society was patriarchal. The model woman’s traits were based on Jadwiga Zamoyska’s – a Catholic and a home life organizer. She was doing everything to assure that the free job of teaching, bringing up and charity was a source of joy for women. The magazine was publishing pieces of her journals, letters and thoughts on Gospel as a source of knowledge. Furthermore, the authors were assuring that the readers were receiving news about the European Catholic intellectuals – especially their articles about theology, pedagogy and psychology. There were also texts about pupils and graduates of Szkoła Domowej Pracy Kobiet – who were shown as examples of Polish women, Catholics, defenders of the faith and patriots.

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Działalność zagranicznych ruchów kobiecych w świetle publikacji „Naszej Pracy” – organu prasowego Społeczno-Obywatelskiej Ligi Kobiet (1947–1949)

Author(s): Adam Miodowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2020

The Social and Civic Women’s League has acted in Communist Poland in the years 1945–1949. Its first official press release, which was “Praca Kobiet”, started its publication only in 1946. Periodical publishing had been issued by Warsaw Regional Board of the association. The national magazine “Nasza Praca”, an organ of the General Board, has been received by the readers just before commencement of 1947. In texts published on its sites it was continued a publication of the information concerning the activity of foreign women’s movements and their international organizations such as the World Democrat Women Federation. Cognitive values of such publications varied a lot. This was significantly influenced by the journalist language used to transfer (newspeak) and propaganda (non-substantive) choice of recorded and disregarded facts. Their analysis however helped to discover mechanisms of functioning (interaction) of the leftist women’s movements on the international front in the second half of the 1940s.

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Ewolucja celów Ligi Kobiet w latach 1945–1989 w świetle jej statutów

Author(s): Maria Bauchrowicz-Tocka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2020

In 1945, the Socio-Civic League of Women (SCLW) had been established. It was a women’s mass organization which in the years 1945–1989 changed its name twice and the statute eight times. The mentioned period of time was significant for the changes of the political system of the country. In 1949, the League of Women continued the works of SCLW and in 1982 the League of Polish Women took this role. The article presents the changes in aims and tasks of the League in the years 1945–1989. In order to describe them, the organization’s statutes were used. Their analysis leads to the conclusion that the Women’s League was a tool to support the political system in the country at the time and to raise political awareness among women; at the same time it advocated for their broadly understood rights (improving qualifications, working conditions, professional and social activity). The evolution of the organization’s aims is presented against the backdrop of the key events in the country.

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Polskie badania statystyczne w okresie II wojny światowej

Author(s): Bożena Łazowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2017

Artykuł przedstawia badania statystyczne prowadzone przez polskich statystyków w latach 1939—1945. Został on opracowany na podstawie kwerendy w Archiwum GUS i Archiwum m.st. Warszawy, niemieckich źródeł statystycznych oraz relacji, pamiętników, kronik, artykułów prasowych, opracowań biograficznych i monografii historycznych. Ukazano pracę polskich statystyków zatrudnionych w czasie II wojny światowej w Urzędzie Statystycznym Generalnego Gubernatorstwa w Krakowie, konspiracyjne badania statystyczne prowadzone głównie przez Instytut Gospodarstwa Społecznego pod szyldem Rady Głównej Opiekuńczej, w tym zwłaszcza pracę Ludwika Landaua i rolę Jana Piekałkiewicza. Omówiono także nielegalną edukację statystyczną i działalność Rządu RP na uchodźstwie w zakresie statystyki. Z badania wynika, że podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej prowadzono konspiracyjne polskie badania statystyczne, głównie w Warszawie i Krakowie, a ich wyniki przekazywano strukturom Państwa Podziemnego w kraju i Rządowi RP na uchodźstwie.

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Boteni. Satul contemporan și evoluția lui istorică. O istorie alternativă a Botenilor Muscelului, a oamenilor săi buni și bătrâni.

Author(s): Valentin Stelian Bădescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2020

The article selects a few historical notes about the village of Boteni and its inhabitants, from the author’s personal archive. The history of this Muscelean, sub-Carpathian village on the banks of the Argeșel rivulet emerges from the stories of grandparents, parents, village elders. The article refers to mining and other village industries – the textile industry, milling, beekeeping, fruit farming, various craftsmen’s workshops etc. Moreover, the article delineates the history of the local church and school, making reference to personalities born in Boteni – philosopher Petre Ţuţea, and ethnographer Ion Chelcea.

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Câteva considerații privind istoricul cercetării și topografia ordinelor mendicante în orașe medievale din Transilvania

Author(s): Corina Cioltei Hopârtean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2020

The 13th century urban European development had opened the gates of medieval towns to members of the mendicant orders. The friars received some of the cloisters, while others had to build them in time and develop them in sincronicity with the towns themselves. In the Hungarian kingdom the royal urban policy was emphasized especially after the Mongol invasion of 1241–1242 and one is able to observe the rise of urban communities together with their insitutions, churches, chapels and mendicant cloisters. Every so often, rebuilding meant also reshaping the urban landscape and thus the topography of a town was influenced by several so called “central places”, the mendicant convents turning quickly into such centers of attraction for all social strata.The present paper aims to provide a general perspective upon the topography of mendicant places in Transylvanian medieval towns based upon the historiographic resources of German, Hungarian and Romanian historians and archaeologist by showing how the mendicant topography has almost managed to turn into a research direction in the past years, deriving from interest areas such as town history, urban medieval topography or urban archaeology and slowly starting to establish its own field literature. In this sense, we have chosen some of the most relevant and offering examples within the field literature, namely those towns where more than one mendicant cloister had functioned or more than one mendicant order resided, developing thus into a mendicant cluster.

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European integration as a historical desideratum of the elites in the Central and Eastern European states

Author(s): Aliona Balan / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2020

In the late 1980s - early 1990s, the European continent was marked by the collapse of the Soviet Union and by the fall of the totalitarian communist regimes in the USSRs’ satellite states. The end of the communist era was emblematic for the history of the European continent and represented the beginning of a new page in contemporary history. The times were new for the peoples who chose to be liberated from totalitarianism, or were awakened to the inevitable context of the paradigm shift. This article aims at presenting an overall analysis of the effects generated by the paradigm shift and the role of elites in managing and administering the change processes that took place in the countries that once belonged to the Eastern Bloc through a comparative analysis of two groups of states.

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Kilka uwag o specyfice badań nad historią kobiet w późnej starożytności i Bizancjum

Author(s): Rafał Kosiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2020

The present article aims to show the most important difficulties connected with the research on the history of women in Late Antiquity and Byzantium. It also points to the significant differences that exist in such studies as relating to various historical periods. The major problem occurring in the women’s studies focused on pre-modern periods is the nature of the sources as represented by only a very limited number of female authors (most of whom would represent the elite circles of society). Most often, the world of women in that period is depicted from the perspective of male authors, usually members of the upper classes themselves. For this reason, the study of the history of women in Antiquity and in the Byzantine period should require the use of the methodology specific to classical studies with the reliance on the applicable methods elaborated for the purposes of women’s studies.

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Memory in Discourse: Approaching Conflicting Constellations of Holocaust and Postcolonial Memory in Germany

Author(s): Liane Schäfer / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In today’s Germany, the memory of the Holocaust has become institutionalized. However, its institutionalization should not be mistaken for stability. In fact, Holocaust memory has been andstill is questioned and contested. At the same time, a global phenomenon, postcolonial memory, is receiving increased attention in Germany. As postcolonial memory is better understood, new questions are arising about Germany’s memory culture in the twenty-first century. Precisely because of Germany’s experience with National Socialism, the memory of colonialism exists in a memory space that is heavily influenced by discussions of the Holocaust. The memories of the two phenomena appear in constellations that conflict with each other. In this paper, I address the two conflicting constellations of Holocaust memory and postcolonial memory, and propose a discursive perspective on Germany’s memory culture. Analyzing a national memory culture as a creation of discourse provides an opportunity to resolve the argumentative standoff betweenHolocaust memory and postcolonial memory, and instead put German memory culture itself at the center of criticism.

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THOUGHTS ON THE DACIANS OF THE ROMANIAN HISTORICAL IMAGINARY

Author(s): Gelu A. Florea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Thoughts on the Dacians of the Romanian Historical Imaginary. The paper is presenting some of the main issues concerning the “public image” of the Dacians in Romanian common thought and knowledge and is aiming to identify the sources of this vulgate set of representations of ancestors. The collective imaginary of the general public concerning the Dacians is partially fuelled by the scholarly literature and thus reflects some aspects of the archaeological discourse. However, archaeological research today is defined by a methodological approach which has an opposite direction, whereby the reconstruction of the past starts at the level of the micro-communities, of particular facts and regional features instead of levelling generalization. This seems to represent the essence of the divergence between the scientific approach characterized by a critical disposition and moderate scepticism on the one hand, and profoundly subjective traditionalist representations of the collective imaginary on the other.

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