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The manuscris adopts a three-fold aim. First it is concerned with the analysis of the decades covering the turning-point in the history of reception, namely the spaces of publicity in the years 1780–1790, the synchronic analysis of the Dugonics edition, of the pervious, parallel editorial plans of the texts and of the literary correspondences – by all these attempting to draw a sketch of the double viewpoint on literature of Gedeon Ráday and to link the turning point of the Gyöngyösi receptionto the person of Gedeon Ráday.Second, based on the micro-textual analysis of the editorial plan we have managed to disentangle the conflicting views of the literature on Gyöngyösi and Kovásznai.Third, by transcribing and presenting the study by Sándor Kovásznai we have presented and explored a source offering further varied possibilities of approach to the researchers of the history of reception related to Gyöngyösi texts, as the viewpoints chosen by the author of the study for interpretation are in line with the expectations of the international critical literature and it calls attention to a series of possibilities for interpretation that are still valid and pertinent.
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Citati koje je Andrić uneo u svoje beležnice upućuju na fenomen intertekstualnosti shvaćene, kako čitamo u Ženetovim Polimpsestima, kao "relaacija istovremenog priststva dvaju ili više tekstova", kao "efektivno prisustvo jednog teksta u drugom", čiji je eksplicitni oblik citat, a implicitni aluzija. Andrić je, međutim, mali broj zabeleženih citata uneo u svoja dela, dok je najveći broj ostao samo u obliku odvojenih zapisa u sveskama. Tekst u koji bi se oni uključili nije nikada napisan, ali bi se mogao vaspostaviti njihovim smeštanjem u dvostruki kontekst što ga predstavljaju misli njihovih autora i misli samog Andrića, koji se kroz njih na posredan način izražava.
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Language and Identity consists of essays entitled ”Language and Identity”, ”Ours and Alien in Language”, ”Protecting Minority Languages and Applied Linguistics”, ”An outline of a Professional Autobiography”, ”An Experiment in writing a Linguistic Memoir”, ”A few more Slang and Amalgamated Expressions”, and ”Selected Bibliography of Sociolinguistics for 2009 – 2010”.
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Celem autorki stało się prześledzenie współczesnej syberyjskiej twórczości poetyckiej pod kątem odwzorowania przez nią zmian politycznych. Analizując twórczość współczesnych syberyjskich autorów, badaczka zwróciła uwagę na wyrażenie się w materii poetyckiej więzi z Syberią i ekonomiczno-politycznych uwarunkowań państwa w obliczu upadku ZSRR oraz kształtowania się dzisiejszej Rosji, a zarazem na pewną specyfikę syberyjskiego podejścia do tych zmian. Podjęto też zagadnienia: więzi poetów z małą ojczyzną, jaką jest dla nich Syberia; romantyki Syberii jako elementu przyciągającego twórców; twórczości współczesnych syberyjskich „poczwienników”; opozycji między dzisiejszymi syberyjskimi „Euroazjatami” i „Europejczykami”; więzi z historią i stosunku do problemów, jakie niesie nowa rzeczywistość; związków nowej poezji z tradycją literatury rosyjskiej; eksperymentów poetyckich obecnych w twórczości współczesnych poetów syberyjskich; syberyjskiej piosenki autorskiej; zmian w poezji przeznaczonej dla czytelnika dziecięcego.
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The present volume introduces Polish readers to three theories of Greek stylistics and two complete rhetorical textbooks in the spirit of the Second Sophistic which functioned in school rhetoric before Hermogenes' "Art of Rhetoric" was constituted as a canonical work. The treatise "On the Sublime" by Pseudo-Longinus is commonly perceived as the most difficult and challenging ancient text for a translator due to its depth of inquiry and reflection on the art of rhetoric combined with complex artistic form. It is worth recalling here the great role of the treatise in the shaping of Europe's modern aesthetic sensitivity which can be compared only to Aristotle's "Poetics". The huge intellectual effort and great emotional engagement of the Translator resulted in a translation which is accurate to the current state of knowledge, faithful in terms of form and content, as well as clear and meeting the readers expectation. The remaining four works have not been translated into Polish before. It is their first translation and the first comprehensive presentation in Polish, which enables wide range of recipients - interested in theoretical and practical aspects of style and public speaking - to use the works due to their scholarly analysis and historical and literary commentary.
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The volume is devoted to defining the notion of “specialised languages,” and to presenting problems and dilemmas encountered by foreign language teachers, whose duty is to provide students with language education with elements of specialised knowledge. The texts collected in this book are the effects of experiences of practising teachers dealing with glottodidactics. Working in various educational contexts, the authors are foreign language teachers at higher education institutions or at modern philology departments of higher education institutions. This collection of texts written by teachers-glottodidacticians shows their reflections, knowledge, and practical experiences in teaching specialised languages – the expressions of their own explorations.The editors believe that this volume will become not only a source of knowledge and ideas how to cope with teaching specialised languages, but also an inspiration for further searches of teaching methods and techniques that are more motivating, effective, varied, and able to go beyond the curriculum of a language course, realised by means of less traditional didactic materials.
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This work discusses the phenomenon of the existence of different languages in the public space in Scuol, a famous health resort and tourist locality in the Swiss canton of Grisons. The official language of the town is Romansh, but almost all citizens speak fluently German. The author concentrates on the analysis of visible texts in the commercial center of the commune. He analyses also the linguistic landscape in the old historical part of the locality as well the use of different languages at the train station and at the valley-station of the cable car Motta Naluns, both very important places for inhabitants and tourist visiting Scuol. The research shows that German is the most visible language. Romansh appears in the first place in proper names and in the information about the opening times whereas long texts written only in this language are very rare. English is the third most common language in the public space, but it appears relatively rarely taking in consideration the importance of Scuol as the tourist locality. Other languages play practically a marginal role. The relatively weak position of Romansh and the dominance of German indicate that in Scuol the existence of the oldest language of Switzerland is endangered.
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The metaphor reflects not only the sophistication of the poet's style but also contains critical information about poet`s outlook, his values, the perception of his native culture. Due to such strong informational connotations, translation of the metaphors is one of the most complicated tasks and cannot be done by everyone. The object of this investigation are the translations of the metaphorical expressions abounding in Sergei Yesenin`s poetry, done by Polish translators in the course of a few decades. The author pays particular attention to the transformations of the metaphorical images, which have taken place in the process of translation.
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“No other European region attracts this much attention, both positive and negative, as the Balkans. Why so? Looking into the history and culture of the region, we inevitably come to the absurd conclusion that similarities divide. Nations which think alike do all they can to be different. That is the Balkans for you. […] What is more, the Balkans, especially so-called Western Balkans, still constitute a testing ground which allows us to observe in real life the operation of processes of convergence in the realms of mentality and the language structures used to categorise notions” (from the introductory chapter) “The book presents new material originating from the authors’ own research – above all: a comprehensive study of Balkan phonetics, which differs substantially from the fragmentary classic approaches and introduces a new classification of regions as well as a number of hitherto unpresented details; a explication of the notions of “historical Balkans” and “cultural and mental Balkans” as well as a juxtaposition of their ranges with the “linguistic Balkans”. We also propose a methodology useful for description of all sorts of areal phenomena, a methodology resulting directly from the peculiar character of convergences within a language league” (from the Authors’ introductory comments).
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The book contains a Foreword and 12 chapters based on studies published between 2009 and 2016. Their common denominator is the question of language problems from various aspects, the most important being the linguistic, the language ideological, the interventional and the general problem-managing aspect.The chapters are organized into four main topics. The first has the title Language Management and is an introduction into the world of language problems. It provides theoretical foundations for the question of language problems and language ideologies utilizing the Theory of Language Management. The second topic is entitled Types of Language Problems and is devoted to the language problems themselves. The main aim of their categorization is to enable the separation of the specific features of individual language problems from the features common to a whole group of language problems. This should enable both to get to know these problems better and to find the best ways of managing them. The third topic has the title The Ways of Managing Language Problems. It analyses the ways of dealing with various types of language problems including problems of proper names and problems concerning language standardization. The fourth topic is entitled Language Problems of the Hungarian Speech Community in Slovakia. It gives an overview of the most important language problems daily faced by the Hungarian minority community in Slovakia.
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One of the most mysterious figures in the history of Russian literature, mysticism and philosophy is Daniil Leonidovich Andreev (1906–1959), the son of Leonid Andreev, the famous prose writer and playwright of the Silver Age of Russian literature. The research object in this monograph is the magnum opus Russian Gods by Daniil Andreev. He created this work from the beginning of the 1930s to 1955; he repeatedly reworked it, rebuilt compositionally, but did not manage to finish it. Three of its parts have been preserved only in the form of drafts. In Russian Gods we are dealing with a myth project oriented on the values of Russian culture. The anthropology of this myth is based on the spiritual (homo religiosus) and creative (homo creans) human potential, while the poetic world takes on the symbolic cross which horizontally indicates the process of history, and vertically – the interpenetration of real space with the unreal (in heaven and hell). The emphasis on the intertextual approach in the study of the literary text was dictated by the specificity of Andreev’s creativity. Its distinguishing feature is referring to “other people’s “words in their various manifestations. The texts of Daniil Andreev abound in historical, cultural and literary parallels, quotes, reminiscences, allusions, literary associations and other forms of intertextuality. He conducts a dialogue with representatives of Russian culture (from the earliest times to modern times) and literature (Alexandr Pushkin, Fyodor Tyutchev, Afanasy Fet, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Alexandr Blok), as well as with Europeans (William Shakespeare, Jonathan Swift, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Charles Dickens, Herbert Wells, Richard Wagner).
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Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz was among the most outstanding early 16th century Bydgoszcz Friars Minor of the Observance. He authored six manuscripts, totalling over 2,600 pages. His Latin-Polish dictionaries of 1532 and 1544 contain Polish material which is so rich that the works are considered the most extensive collections of Polish vocabulary from the first half of the 16th century. The 1532 manuscript (entitled Vocabularius ex Calepino, Breviloquo et Mamotrecto recollectus) counts 257 leaves and contains 4,276 Polish words as equivalents to 4,488 Latin entries. Bartholomew’s second lexicon took on the form of notes on the margins of the famous 600-page-long 15th century Latin dictionary of Johann Reuchlin (Vocabularius breviloquus, Argentine 1488). In this second work, Batholomew lists Polish equivalents for over 11,000 Latin entries. Altogether, this listing covers around 7,000 new words that were absent from the 1532 dictionary. Bartholomew’s lexicons include Polish words from various spheres of life. Apart from basic vocabulary, they feature abundant specialist lexis, represented by philosophical, theological, naturalist and medical, legal, maritime, grammar and biblical terminology. Both dictionaries bring together not only rich Polish and Latin language material but also numerous idiosyncratic entries, not attested in such voluminous works as Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of 16th century Polish language] or Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce [Dictionary of medieval Latin in Poland]. The dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz were not intended for print. They served as, among other things, textbooks in the school of philosophy at his monastery in Bydgoszcz and an encyclopaedia of his contemporary world, summarising information from various fields of science and of practice, like preparation of medicines. This complete “reversed” Polish-Latin version of Bartholomew's dictionary, published by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, in 1999-2019 features more than 10,600 Polish words (entries).
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Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz was among the most outstanding early 16th century Bydgoszcz Friars Minor of the Observance. He authored six manuscripts, totalling over 2,600 pages. His Latin-Polish dictionaries of 1532 and 1544 contain Polish material which is so rich that the works are considered the most extensive collections of Polish vocabulary from the first half of the 16th century. The 1532 manuscript (entitled Vocabularius ex Calepino, Breviloquo et Mamotrecto recollectus) counts 257 leaves and contains 4,276 Polish words as equivalents to 4,488 Latin entries. Bartholomew’s second lexicon took on the form of notes on the margins of the famous 600-page-long 15th century Latin dictionary of Johann Reuchlin (Vocabularius breviloquus, Argentine 1488). In this second work, Batholomew lists Polish equivalents for over 11,000 Latin entries. Altogether, this listing covers around 7,000 new words that were absent from the 1532 dictionary. Bartholomew’s lexicons include Polish words from various spheres of life. Apart from basic vocabulary, they feature abundant specialist lexis, represented by philosophical, theological, naturalist and medical, legal, maritime, grammar and biblical terminology. Both dictionaries bring together not only rich Polish and Latin language material but also numerous idiosyncratic entries, not attested in such voluminous works as Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of 16th century Polish language] or Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce [Dictionary of medieval Latin in Poland]. The dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz were not intended for print. They served as, among other things, textbooks in the school of philosophy at his monastery in Bydgoszcz and an encyclopaedia of his contemporary world, summarising information from various fields of science and of practice, like preparation of medicines. This complete “reversed” Polish-Latin version of Bartholomew's dictionary, published by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, in 1999-2019 features more than 10,600 Polish words (entries). en
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Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz was among the most outstanding early 16th century Bydgoszcz Friars Minor of the Observance. He authored six manuscripts, totalling over 2,600 pages. His Latin-Polish dictionaries of 1532 and 1544 contain Polish material which is so rich that the works are considered the most extensive collections of Polish vocabulary from the first half of the 16th century. The 1532 manuscript (entitled Vocabularius ex Calepino, Breviloquo et Mamotrecto recollectus) counts 257 leaves and contains 4,276 Polish words as equivalents to 4,488 Latin entries. Bartholomew’s second lexicon took on the form of notes on the margins of the famous 600-page-long 15th century Latin dictionary of Johann Reuchlin (Vocabularius breviloquus, Argentine 1488). In this second work, Batholomew lists Polish equivalents for over 11,000 Latin entries. Altogether, this listing covers around 7,000 new words that were absent from the 1532 dictionary. Bartholomew’s lexicons include Polish words from various spheres of life. Apart from basic vocabulary, they feature abundant specialist lexis, represented by philosophical, theological, naturalist and medical, legal, maritime, grammar and biblical terminology. Both dictionaries bring together not only rich Polish and Latin language material but also numerous idiosyncratic entries, not attested in such voluminous works as Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of 16th century Polish language] or Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce [Dictionary of medieval Latin in Poland]. The dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz were not intended for print. They served as, among other things, textbooks in the school of philosophy at his monastery in Bydgoszcz and an encyclopaedia of his contemporary world, summarising information from various fields of science and of practice, like preparation of medicines. This complete “reversed” Polish-Latin version of Bartholomew's dictionary, published by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, in 1999-2019 features more than 10,600 Polish words (entries).
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Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz was among the most outstanding early 16th century Bydgoszcz Friars Minor of the Observance. He authored six manuscripts, totalling over 2,600 pages. His Latin-Polish dictionaries of 1532 and 1544 contain Polish material which is so rich that the works are considered the most extensive collections of Polish vocabulary from the first half of the 16th century. The 1532 manuscript (entitled Vocabularius ex Calepino, Breviloquo et Mamotrecto recollectus) counts 257 leaves and contains 4,276 Polish words as equivalents to 4,488 Latin entries. Bartholomew’s second lexicon took on the form of notes on the margins of the famous 600-page-long 15th century Latin dictionary of Johann Reuchlin (Vocabularius breviloquus, Argentine 1488). In this second work, Batholomew lists Polish equivalents for over 11,000 Latin entries. Altogether, this listing covers around 7,000 new words that were absent from the 1532 dictionary. Bartholomew’s lexicons include Polish words from various spheres of life. Apart from basic vocabulary, they feature abundant specialist lexis, represented by philosophical, theological, naturalist and medical, legal, maritime, grammar and biblical terminology. Both dictionaries bring together not only rich Polish and Latin language material but also numerous idiosyncratic entries, not attested in such voluminous works as Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of 16th century Polish language] or Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce [Dictionary of medieval Latin in Poland]. The dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz were not intended for print. They served as, among other things, textbooks in the school of philosophy at his monastery in Bydgoszcz and an encyclopaedia of his contemporary world, summarising information from various fields of science and of practice, like preparation of medicines. This complete “reversed” Polish-Latin version of Bartholomew's dictionary, published by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, in 1999-2019 features more than 10,600 Polish words (entries).
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Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz was among the most outstanding early 16th century Bydgoszcz Friars Minor of the Observance. He authored six manuscripts, totalling over 2,600 pages. His Latin-Polish dictionaries of 1532 and 1544 contain Polish material which is so rich that the works are considered the most extensive collections of Polish vocabulary from the first half of the 16th century. The 1532 manuscript (entitled Vocabularius ex Calepino, Breviloquo et Mamotrecto recollectus) counts 257 leaves and contains 4,276 Polish words as equivalents to 4,488 Latin entries. Bartholomew’s second lexicon took on the form of notes on the margins of the famous 600-page-long 15th century Latin dictionary of Johann Reuchlin (Vocabularius breviloquus, Argentine 1488). In this second work, Batholomew lists Polish equivalents for over 11,000 Latin entries. Altogether, this listing covers around 7,000 new words that were absent from the 1532 dictionary. Bartholomew’s lexicons include Polish words from various spheres of life. Apart from basic vocabulary, they feature abundant specialist lexis, represented by philosophical, theological, naturalist and medical, legal, maritime, grammar and biblical terminology. Both dictionaries bring together not only rich Polish and Latin language material but also numerous idiosyncratic entries, not attested in such voluminous works as Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of 16th century Polish language] or Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce [Dictionary of medieval Latin in Poland]. The dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz were not intended for print. They served as, among other things, textbooks in the school of philosophy at his monastery in Bydgoszcz and an encyclopaedia of his contemporary world, summarising information from various fields of science and of practice, like preparation of medicines. This complete “reversed” Polish-Latin version of Bartholomew's dictionary, published by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, in 1999-2019 features more than 10,600 Polish words (entries).
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Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz was among the most outstanding early 16th century Bydgoszcz Friars Minor of the Observance. He authored six manuscripts, totalling over 2,600 pages. His Latin-Polish dictionaries of 1532 and 1544 contain Polish material which is so rich that the works are considered the most extensive collections of Polish vocabulary from the first half of the 16th century. The 1532 manuscript (entitled Vocabularius ex Calepino, Breviloquo et Mamotrecto recollectus) counts 257 leaves and contains 4,276 Polish words as equivalents to 4,488 Latin entries. Bartholomew’s second lexicon took on the form of notes on the margins of the famous 600-page-long 15th century Latin dictionary of Johann Reuchlin (Vocabularius breviloquus, Argentine 1488). In this second work, Batholomew lists Polish equivalents for over 11,000 Latin entries. Altogether, this listing covers around 7,000 new words that were absent from the 1532 dictionary. Bartholomew’s lexicons include Polish words from various spheres of life. Apart from basic vocabulary, they feature abundant specialist lexis, represented by philosophical, theological, naturalist and medical, legal, maritime, grammar and biblical terminology. Both dictionaries bring together not only rich Polish and Latin language material but also numerous idiosyncratic entries, not attested in such voluminous works as Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of 16th century Polish language] or Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce [Dictionary of medieval Latin in Poland]. The dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz were not intended for print. They served as, among other things, textbooks in the school of philosophy at his monastery in Bydgoszcz and an encyclopaedia of his contemporary world, summarising information from various fields of science and of practice, like preparation of medicines. This complete “reversed” Polish-Latin version of Bartholomew's dictionary, published by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, in 1999-2019 features more than 10,600 Polish words (entries)
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This book is devoted to the discussion of questionnaires for the German Linguistic Atlas (Deutscher Sprachatlas), designed by Georg Wenker (1852–1911), a librarian working in Marburg. The present study offers a linguistic analysis of replies to Wenker’s questionnaire collected in eighty locations in eastern Mazuria – the Ełk, Gołdap and Olecko districts. Although the questionnaire had been designed to explore German dialects, it was possible to identify Polish dialectal features and to conduct a partial reconstruction of the state of Mazurian dialects of Polish in the easternmost part of the historical province of East Prussia in the nineteenth century. Wenker’s survey material is a unique set of data from the period which provides a broad perspective on local dialects of eastern Mazuria, a peripheral area which had a limited contact with the general Polish language for a long time, did not have much connection with Polish cultural and political life, and was characterised by the penetration of the German language.
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