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Ilustracja jako narzędzie w materiałach testujących znajomość języka angielskiego u dzieci

Author(s): Maria Stec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Testing the knowledge of foreign languages and establishing levels of proficiencyhad been a subject of debate in Europe since the 1970s., and the final resolution was enactedin the 1990s. The following article presents preliminary research on illustrations as tools fortesting the knowledge of foreign languages at the elementary level. The aim of the research isto arrive at a comprehensive characteristic of the illustrations used in testing the knowledge ofEnglish in children. The project has been founded upon three research questions: 1) What isthe character of the illustrations used in testing the knowledge of English in children?; 2) What is the subject matter of those illustrations?; 3) What functions do those illustrations perform in testing language abilities in children? The article, which constitutes just a small part of a much broader research project, constitutes an analysis of selected tests used to assess the knowledge of English in children. Data used for the analysis was collected in the course of evaluation, on the basis of universal criteria, visual methodology criteria, and content criteria.The project expects that the results of the research will aid not only the testing process, but also the process of preparing testing materials for that age group.

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Using Interactive Whiteboard Technology for Providing Formative Assessment During Academic Writing Classes

Author(s): Agnieszka Gadomska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is impossible to point out to another area of academic work which would be to a greater extent influenced by the rapid development of internet technology than research and academic writing. These changes can be seen primarily in the area of searching, evaluation and documentation of sources, the use of new media, genres and software, as well as in the methods and tools used to support reading literacy, critical thinking and learning. Moreover, today's students, brought up in the world of multimedia technologies, expect modern, interactive and flexible methods of teaching in academic work, all of which have an impact not only on the syllabuses of courses on the methodology of academic text, but also on the qualifications of the lecturers themselves. The article will focus in particular on the method of using multimedia whiteboards practiced by the author during classes in the methodology of academic text as a tool in the process of formative assessment. The technologies discussed in the article include: materials prepared by the instructors, Kahoot program, digibook publications, and Moodle - the e-learning platform.

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Le rôle de l’évaluation formative dans la création du matériel didactique en fonction des besoins spécifiques des apprenants : exemple de l’enseignement/apprentissage du français – langue troisième

Author(s): Aleksandra Serwotka / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Formative assessment is an important step in the process of teaching/learning a foreign language. It allows the teacher to obtain information about the actual level of language proficiency of students, i.e. their strengths and weaknesses, which in turn allows to optimize the methods and content of teaching. This article discusses the way in which the study of language transfer enabled the author to create web-based teaching materials adapted to the needs of students learning French as a third language (after Polish and English).

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L’évaluation en langues étrangères via la plateforme d’apprentissage Moodle : questions pratiques

Author(s): Beata Gałan / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The article is a reflection on the evaluation of language proficiency in the context of distance learning and the use of the Moodle educational platform. The aim of the article is to present some practical issues which are important in the planning of the learning process - distance learning. Therefore, the author tries to analyze the technical possibilities of the platform in terms of language education, especially the tools of competence assessment, their parameters and pedagogical supervision.

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Szanse aplikacji metod ewaluacji w nauczaniu łaciny na poziomie dwusemestralnego lektoratu

Author(s): Aleksandra Golik-Prus,Marzena Tofilska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The characteristics of Latin as an ancient language significantly limit the application of methods used in teaching modern languages. The grammar-translation model has, so far, yielded the best results in teaching Latin at the university level, which, in turn, requires the evaluation methods used during the course to reflect that model and the language skills developed in this particular way. Other methods are significantly less effective and should be used only to introduce variety and render the learning process more appealing. The study of Latin is virtually completely devoid of the elements emphasized in the study of modern languages, which, in turn, necessitates the changes in evaluation, in order to take into account the range of the evaluated skills.

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Nauczanie i sprawdzanie poziomu biegłości językowej dla języka łacińskiego jako obcego według wytycznych ESOKJ

Author(s): Katarzyna Głogowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article discusses the question of the development of such languageskills as reading, writing, listening, and speaking on the basis of Latin taught as a foreign language.Moreover, the article elaborates on the possibility of reaching the A1 level of language fluency, according to The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, by thestudents of Latin, with the help of innovative methods which include the four aforementionedskills. It is important to note that the project does not aim at a broadly-understood resitutionof Latin, but rather focuses on improving the methodology of teaching Latin, particularly atthe elementary level. In addition to that, the project’s goal is the creation of new teaching andevaluation tools.

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Language-Testing Ideology from an ELF Perspective – Scheme of a Study

Author(s): Aleksandra Szymańska-Tworek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the last two decades, a lively discussion has developed, focusing on the relationship between the concept of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and the concept of the evaluation of linguistic skills. One of the main arguments in this discussion is that such a fundamental change in the perception of English requires changes in the testing concept.At the same time, the opponents of this position consider it impossible to integrate the ELF concept into language evaluation practices, as the reality of testing in many respects does not fit into the new paradigm. Therefore, the author of this article aims to discuss selected issues related to this debate from the perspective of a researcher and a teacher.In the final part of the article, the author formulates an outline of broader research aimed atan analysis of the perception of the ELF concept among a group of young teacher trainees.

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Ocenianie uczniów z dysleksją w kontekście nauki języków obcych

Author(s): Anna Rokicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

A diagnosis of dyslexia in a student and an opinion of a Psychological and Pedagogical Counseling Center forces the teacher to follow the guidelines delineated by the opinion and highly individualize the approach to the student. This compliance with the diagnosis affects not only teaching methods, but also methods and forms of language skills evaluation. It is, moreover, particularly important in the context of foreign language teaching, because a vast majority of dyslexic students experience difficulties in learning foreign languages. Therefore, requirements for such students are different and adjusted to match their actual capabilities, but that does not mean that the requirements are by any means lessened. Dyslexic students usually struggle with writing and reading out loud; thus, it is beneficial in teaching and evaluating such students to evaluate them primarily on the basis of content, composition, and contentbased preparation.

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Elementy coachingu jako narzędzie procesu nauczania i oceniania w dydaktyce języka obcego

Author(s): Bożena Czekańska-Mirek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The coaching approach finds its justified use in contemporary foreign languagedidactics. The essence of this approach is encapsulated by the belief that learning a foreignlanguage constitutes an element of self-development and as such should reflect the individualneeds and goals of the student. The coaching approach, then, transforms the two most important agents of the glottodidactic process, i.e. the teacher and the student, reimagining the teacher as the coach and the student as the coachee. Such an approach, in turn, invites questions concerning the use of coaching tools in actual language courses. The author presents selected examples of beneficial practices, as well as the possibilities of utilizing coaching tools in foreign language courses.

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„Dobra robota!”, czyli o informacji zwrotnej i elementach coachingu w pracy z dorosłym uczniem na zajęciach językowych

Author(s): Krystyna Breszka-Jędrzejewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The coaching approach finds its justified use in contemporary foreign languagedidactics. The essence of this approach is encapsulated by the belief that learning a foreignlanguage constitutes an element of self-development and as such should reflect the individualneeds and goals of the student. The coaching approach, then, transforms the two most important agents of the glottodidactic process, i.e. the teacher and the student, reimagining the teacher as the coach and the student as the coachee. Such an approach, in turn, invites questions concerning the use of coaching tools in actual language courses. The author presents selected examples of beneficial practices, as well as the possibilities of utilizing coaching tools in foreign language courses. The aim of the article is to discuss the role and form of feedback and to elaborateon the possibilities of using coaching methods in foreign language teaching. The article focuses on two major issues: what sort of feedback is most effective when it comes to adult students of foreign languages, and how to incorporate coaching tools in the process of giving feedback.Giving properly constructed feedback to students significantly facilitates and aids the learningprocess. However, not all feedback is equally effective. Sometimes feedback is given incorrectly: it is either too critical or too general in its praise. How, then, can teachers contend with the complicated task of giving proper feedback? And how can coaching tools help teachers in giving feedback in order to actually aid the learning process? The following article constitutes an attempt at answering the aforementioned questions.

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Morfología y semántica: el caso del sufijo –ón en el español contemporáneo

Author(s): Jean-Claude Anscombre / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

This study aims at providing a solution to the problem of masculine nouns ending in -ón, and whose semantic value does not show the augmentative feature traditionally attached to such a termination. Based on a wide corpus of written and oral examples in contemporary Spanish, the study is an attempt to give a unitary explanation to the multiplevalues of the so-called augmentative termination -ón. The basic claim, elaboratedwithin the framework of the Theory of Stereotypes, is that all the posible values of thetermination can be accounted for by a common underlying value plus a set of generalsemantic rules. The frequently mentioned scalarity of such nouns then appears to be anon-primitive characteristics.

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La manipulación lingüística en el discurso periodístico español: La noticia

Author(s): Zineb El Bahraoui / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Although broadcasting news from any part of the world apparently seems an objective process, however, when the reader is exposed to that information he starts valuingthe ideas as transmitted by the news media and consequently there may come a time when he loses the critical skills resulting in becoming an object of manipulation by highly persuasive powers. Journalists are aware of this power and the immense impact they may have in shapingthe public opinion by using the most powerful tool, the lexicon, as an important means of expression, revealing the ideological position assumed by the newspapers because in many cases the news convey the point of view of the journalist, which may also be implicit. Another tool is the rhetorical devices that are used in order to arouse the reader’s interest and at the same time take advantage to transmit their biased ideologies, which transforms news into subjective messages.

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Análisis de metáforas en el lenguaje jurídico español

Author(s): Aniela Kucharska / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Everyone knows that legal language is substantial part of ordinary language. However, when reading legal text we have the impression that we are entering a different language reality. That is because the categories in the legal language, their functions and organization describe the reality in a different way. To illustrate this phenomenon we decided to focus on the importance of the concept of metaphor. The main objective of this work is to present and analyze the different roles played by spatial metaphors in legal language. From methodological guidelines of cognitive linguistics and discourse analysis, we examine the selected metaphors in legal language.

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¿Femenina prensa masculina? Apuntes sobre el discurso persuasivo de „Men’s Health” y „GQ”

Author(s): Zuzanna Lamża / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

In my paper I want to focus on the presentation of the characteristic features of persuasive discourse of a very particular and relatively new type of so-called men’s magazines – whose manner of both choosing topics and presenting information resembles more magazines addressed to women with economic power („Glamour” or „Cosmopolitan”) than the press traditionally addressed to men („Playboy”). My analysis will be based on the texts of different nature from magazines „Men’s Health” (in its Spanish, English and Polish version) and „GQ” (as it still does not have a Polish edition, instead I will use its equivalent – the monthly „Logo”). Comparing the results obtained with material collected during my previous studies of women’s press, I will try to emphasize and illustrate the trend of modern advertising to erase borders between genders.

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El uso de los tiempos en las oraciones deónticas de los Códigos Civiles español y polaco

Author(s): Joanna Nowak-Michalska / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents a contrastive analysis of the use of tenses in deontic clauses in the Polish and Spanish civil codes. Deontic clauses are understood as clauses conveying deontic meanings such as: obligativity, prohibitivity, permissivity, or immunitivity. In both civil codes, deontic clauses can be either in the present or in the future tense. The use of these tenses, however, is different in each text. The author discusses in which situations a given tense is used and analyses possible influences of the tense change on the meaning of the whole clause.

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El cambio lingüístico y el mecanismo de reanálisis

Author(s): Wiaczesław Nowikow / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is a presentation of the problems connected with the different aspects of linguistic change, with particular emphasis on the reanalysis. It takes into account the differences between external / internal, systemic / non-systemic, and regular / non-regular changes. The author presents the original approach to the causal factors of linguistic change based on the distinction between tendencies, conditions and mechanism. The article treats about various cases of linguistic change in different languages, particularly in Spanish.

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Imágenes conceptuales de la mente alterada: el caso de loco y tonto

Author(s): Magdalena Sędek / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is a cognitive analysis of the most important conceptual images of insanity and foolishness reflected in Spanish idiomatic expressions, which are based on image schemas. Furthermore, it is irrefutable that the head’s function is always the locus of the mind and the intellect; this allowed the identification of the first metaphorical-metonymical model: THE SPACIAL LOCATION, which is closely linked to the image schema of A CONTAINER (including its subordinate variants INSIDE–OUT, FULL–EMPTY, NEAR–FAR). The second model identified through the analysis is POSSESSION, an example of which is the schema of A (VALUABLE) OBJECT and A MACHINE. As a result, the state of being insane brings to mind, amongst others, metaphorical images of being outside of the container, its emptiness, damage or loss, whereas the quality of being foolish is primarily conceptualised as having an empty container and one’s short-sightedness.

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Sobre las causas de la desaparición del futuro de subjuntivo y de la ‘decadencia’ del futuro de indicativo en el español contemporáneo

Author(s): Witold Sobczak / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to indicate some similarities and differences between the reasons for the disappearance of the future subjunctive and the ‘decline’ of the future indicative in contemporary Spanish. By analysing the characteristics of the subjunctive and the indicative moods, the author will focus on the (im)possibility of replacing those two tenses by other verbal forms. Furthermore, a diachronic-synchronic approach will be applied to discuss the likelihood of a functional reduction of the future indicative. It seems possible that its usage will become restricted to a modal function whose role, in contrast to the future subjunctive, is transparent and cannot be substituted by another form. Therefore, the future indicative may follow in the footsteps of the compound future tense being rarely employed to denote posteriority.

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Aproximación a la descripción lingüística del vesre porteño

Author(s): Piotr Sorbet / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The vesre of Buenos Aires is, apparently, a linguistic phenomenon which has been rarely studied and is known only in a limited way. Its analysis is quite difficult for several reasons. First, because its components often belong to the spoken discourse, and therefore the lexicographic sources often do not include them at all, or they are incorporated in a strongly arbitrarily way. Second, the words that may be considered as vesreisms (Sp. vesreísmos), depending on a dictionary, are treated in different ways. For these reasons, the research conducted in the present paper aims to explain the premises necessary to investigate the vesre of Buenos Aires linguistically as well as to analyse several dictionaries in order to make certain lexicographic observations.

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Análisis de las locuciones adjetivas para el tratamiento automático de las lenguas naturales

Author(s): Mirosław Trybisz / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Adjectival phrases, also called complex adjectives, are complex lexical structures that occupy the same position and have the same function that simple adjectives. The study presents the characteristics of this type of lexical units and the difficulties encountered in the process of linguistic analysis from the point of view of natural languages processing. We present in detail the two basic notions that build the article title. Note that this type of constructions has specific characteristics and the degree of fixedness is different. For this objective we present these characteristics and their aim to the recognition of adjectival phrases and its translation.

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