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New Insights on Food Waste Management

Author(s): Dimitrie Stoica,Claudia Veronica Ungureanu,Angela Stela Ivan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter, authored by Dimitrie Stoica, Claudia Veronica Ungureanu, and Angela Stela Ivan, delves into the pressing issue of food waste management. The authors discuss the necessity of balancing global economic growth with the preservation of natural resources, emphasizing the expected increase in global food demand by 2050. The chapter differentiates between food loss (FL) and food waste (FW), highlighting the stages in the food supply chain where each occurs. It examines the causes and impacts of food waste at household and HoReCa sector levels, stressing the environmental, economic, and social costs associated with FW. The chapter also explores the role of digital technologies such as IoT, AI, and big data in reducing food waste, enhancing sustainability, and promoting efficient resource use. It concludes by discussing innovative solutions like smart packaging, stock inventory optimization, and food sharing apps that help manage and reduce food waste.

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From Policy to Practice: Implementing Environmental Sustainability in Organising the Olympic Games

Author(s): Gheorghe BRANIȘTE / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter by Gheorghe Braniște investigates the environmental sustainability measures implemented during the organization of the Olympic Games. The study emphasizes the role of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in promoting environmental policies that minimize the ecological impact of the Games and ensure a positive legacy for host communities. The chapter analyzes the evolution of environmental awareness and responsibility in the staging of the Olympic Games, highlighting policies and measures taken to reduce environmental impact over the last 16 Olympic Games. It also explores the collaboration between the IOC, environmental organizations, and authorities to achieve sustainability goals, and how the Olympic Games can serve as a tool for promoting environmental awareness and sustainable practices globally.

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Air Quality – An Essential Componentof Quality of Life: The Case of The Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Larisa Savga,Rodica Perciun,Vicoria Popa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter by Larisa Şavga, Rodica Perciun, and Viorica Popa addresses the critical issue of air quality and its impact on the quality of life in the Republic of Moldova. It explores the negative effects of climate change on sustainable development and the need for new economic models to address environmental imbalances. The chapter reviews the progress and challenges in reducing air pollution, referencing the European Environment Agency's reports on premature deaths related to pollution and the EU's Zero Pollution 2030 objectives. It discusses the historical and current state of air quality, the legislative framework, and the efforts to align Moldova's policies with EU standards. The authors also emphasize the importance of clean air for public health and the role of various pollutants in air quality degradation.

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Климатични промени и българския бизнес – отговор и предизвикателства

Author(s): Ilina Mutafchieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper „Climate Change and Bulgarian Business – Responses and Challenges“ examines the interaction between climate change and the attitudes of consumers that drive business in Bulgaria and the European Union as a whole. It explores the attitudes of consumers aged 15-35 towards companies‘ policies to combat climate change and compares their engagement with companies‘ actions and outlines potential solutions for businesses to remain competitive. The research methodology includes a survey of 314 respondents and a review of available information related to actions , The results presented are part of a broader study related to the author‘s dissertation and present the attitudes of young people towards climate change and the response of companies in Bulgaria. Recommendations for business are presented, such as the need for better cooperation with the NGO sector and stakeholders, concrete and clear communication of actions by companies related to the fight against climate change, etc.

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Пазарен потенциал на био продуктите в Европа

Author(s): Yana Danailova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The popularity of organic products worldwide is increasing due to the perception that they are cleaner and better for both people and the environment than conventionally grown ones. In the last 10 years the market of organic products in the European Union and in particular in Bulgaria is growing exponentially and ahead of the market for conventional products. More people are starting to include products of organic origin in their consumer basket. This is due both to the desire for healthier, cleaner and more environmentally friendly food, and to the increasing supply of organic products on the market. The number and size of farms that grow organic products, as well as traders and shops that offer them, are increasing. The rapid increase in sales of organic products shows the rise of consumer demand and the success of measures to maintain demand. The growth of the demand and purchase of organic food was particularly strong during the pandemic COVID-19, as a result of which consumers paid more attention to health problems and their relationship with food quality, as well as the higher food consumption at home. For the programming period 2023-2027, part of the CAP strategic plans include various programs to support organic farming in the EU.

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Ценообразуване на аеронавигационните услуги в Европа

Author(s): Ekaterina Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this report is to reveal the specifics of the pricing of the air navigation services in Europe. The main focus is on calculating the unit rates for the provision of air navigation services, or the so-called air navigation charges, which the airspace users (aviation operators) pay for the air traffic management. The report presents key features of the provision of air navigation services in Europe. A comparative analysis is made between the two pricing methods for air navigation services in Europe – the full cost recovery method and the determined costs method. The report also presents a review of the legislation in the field of air navigation service taxation. А special focus is placed on the traffic risk sharing mechanism and the cost risk sharing mechanism. The conclusion presents the trends in the regulation of pricing of the air navigation services, with regards to the legislative initiative for the Single European Sky (SES) to achieve more efficient air traffic management.

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The both sides. On the benefits and drawbacks of central bank digital currencies

Author(s): Paweł Marszałek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Analysing the most frequently pointed out advantages and disadvantages of central bank digital currencies. The analysis will make it possible to draw up a balance of the potential introduction of CBDCs. Methodology: The paper surveys literature and documents of selected financial. Findings: The balance of the benefits and drawbacks of CBDCs is not obvious. First, due to the heterogeneity of conditions in individual countries and the multitude of variants, CBDCs are far from universal. Second, the advantages of CBDCs seem to be somewhat exaggerated: many of them can be achieved using existing institutional solutions or payment technologies, while some are rather wishful thinking. Third, there are contradictions between the various advantages and uses of CBDCs. Fourth, many of the advantages of CBDCs cannot be achieved without a top-down ban on paper money, which is neither desirable nor socially justifiable.

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Sektor bankowy w pierwszym półroczu 2023 roku

Author(s): Mariusz Zygierewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the chapter is to analyse the results of the banking sector in the first half of 2023 and the conditions in which they were achieved. 1H 2023 was a very interesting period for the banking sector both in Poland and worldwide. In March 2023, the world could observe new cases of turbulence in the banking sector, with the most complicated cases occurring in the USA and Switzerland. Thanks to a rapid and deep reaction of different institutions responsible for the stability of the financial market, the negative consequences were rather limited and they were evidence of an unstable situation of individual banks. This wave of turbulence affected both smaller and bigger banks, and therefore it seemed important to indicate the main reasons for the last turbulences and to implement the right measures in order to avoid similar problems in the future. This experience delivered many new recommendations for banks and supervisors. It emphasised the significance of fully implementing the prudential measures set by the Basel Committee and applying these measures to all banks, not just those operating internationally. The turbulences in question highlighted the importance of effective supervision, strong risk management in banks, improved regulation of interest rate risk management, and consistent application of AT1 instruments worldwide. The disturbances have also reignited the debate about the scale of deposit guarantees and resolution mechanisms in the banking sector. Methodology: The author uses the method of analysing literature and data from the balance sheet and income statement of the banking sector in Poland. Findings: In Poland, the banking sector remained stable, with no new instances of turbulence detected. However, the economic conditions for the banking sector’s development were complicated. Real GDP growth was negative, market interest rates remained high, and these factors limited the demand for credit from both the economy and households. In this situation the structure of bank assets has worsened. The share of credit portfolio has shrunk and the volume of treasure bonds in the bank assets has grown. Despite the unfavourable macroeconomic conditions, it shall be noted that the quality of the credit portfolio has not worsened. The higher interest rates allowed banks to generate higherprofits. These profits were limited by the credit memorandum adopted by the Polish Parliament and high reserves set up in order to cover the risk concerning FX mortgage credits. Banks have had problems to increase the non-interest income. Higher nominal profits do not change a lot the general picture of the Polish banking sector. Its rentability remained low, but it was higher than in 2022. Looking at the results of the total European banking sector, it is necessary to conclude that the asset structure and credit quality in Poland is worse compared to the entire European sector. The share of credit in Poland’s total assets is lower, while the share of non-performing loans (NPLs) is higher than the average figures in the European banking sector. Additionally, the rentability of Polish banks also remained lower in comparison to the figures presented by the European banking sector.

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The Impact of Pricing on Brand Equity and Market Positioning

Author(s): Taulant Kullolli / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the influence of pricing strategies on brand equity and market positioning in the context of modern business. Pricing decisions play a crucial role in shaping consumer perceptions, brand equity, and market outcomes. The study investigates the relationship between pricing strategies and brand equity, exploring how pricing affects consumer perceptions of value and the positioning of a brand in the marketplace. It also examines the mediating role of brand awareness in the relationship between pricing and market positioning. The research is based on a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis of relevant data.

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Analyzing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as Impact Factors in Economic Tourism Development in Bulgaria Compared to Balkan EU Countries

Author(s): Violeta Doneva Yankulova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This research aims to thoroughly analyze the significance of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as impact factors in the economic tourism development of Bulgaria, in comparison with other Balkan EU member states. The tourism sector holds substantial economic importance for Bulgaria and its Balkan neighbors, and understanding its influence is crucial. The study focuses on how KPIs can be utilized to measure the economic, social, and cultural value of tourism in the context of Balkan EU countries. Through a detailed analysis of relevant KPIs, the research seeks to provide valuable insights for optimizing tourism strategies and promoting sustainable economic development across the region.

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Delivery Terms Considerations in the User Journey for Online Sales in European Union Member Countries

Author(s): Georgi Malchev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The delivery terms are a key element in the user journey in online sales as people associate these with the value they will derive from the transaction. Moreover users have a heuristic that is specific for the respective category of goods. Consumers are looking for the optimal solution for the delivery terms - specific courier company, delivery time, level of support and control over the delivery. Emerging trends include same-day delivery, alternative delivery locations, and sustainability initiatives. Overall, customers increasingly expect delivery to be fast, free, flexible, and frictionless. The implications for companies are multifold and impact the overall sales volume as consumers will not place orders to a specific company. This will impact the future scaling of the sales of the company and the learning curve for the company regarding client needs, trends and new product development. The impact will be as well on the considerations for internationalization regarding margins, risk management, capacity usage. The paper outlines the specifics of different EU member states regarding the consumer expectations and behavior regarding delivery terms for online sales. These specifics impact the planning of the internationalization process and the creation of the optimal user journey for the consumers.

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Еволюция на институционалната теория в процеса на счетоводна хармонизация в публичния сектор

Author(s): Radka Andasarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The development of accounting standardization and harmonization in the public sector is dependent on many dynamic and interrelated processes, including economic, political, environmental, etc. The reached level of the Institutional theory reveals how the government makes the decision to perceive common accounting practices in order to obtain institutional legitimacy. Although, these accounting models differ from contemporary accounting practice in the global aspect. The question is how will adequacy public sector accounting harmonization be reached in the absence of the European conceptual framework for financial reporting. The purpose of the study is to analyze theoretically existing public sector accounting practices in the context of the development of the Institutional theory.

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Предизвикателства пред работната сила на сектор "Транспорт, складиране и пощи" в условията на дигитална трансформация

Author(s): Donka Zhelyazkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of the present paper is based on a brief overview of the results of a survey conducted by NSI in 2022 on the workforce in the Transport, Warehousing and Postal sector, to reveal challenges to the human resource involved in the business activities studied. This requires to systematize and analyze the main issues that are revealed on the basis of the official empirical data related to the fulfillment of staff commitments within working hours. The solution to the registered problems is sought in relation to the main directions of digital transformation in logistics, which are in the directions of application of artificial intelligence, machine learning, Internet-of-things, blockchain technologies, autonomous vehicles and big data analysis.

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Възможности за подобряване на вътрешното качество при обучението по логистика

Author(s): Georgi Kondev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In today's dynamic economic and social environment, effective changes in the education system would lead to achieving a high quality of life and quickly addressing the daily challenges facing society as a whole. Unfortunately, most of the reforms in recent decades, despite the efforts made and the desire for a positive result, have mostly been associated with disappointment and failure. The main goal of this publication is to systematize the possibilities leading to the improvement of the quality of the educational process in higher schools. In essence, a set of theoretical and practical studies describing indicators for evaluating the internal quality of the educational process are woven into the various possibilities. The use of each of them requires the adoption of different strategies, approaches, and actions to ensure high efficiency and quality.

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Vocational Language Teachers' Perceptions on Utilizing ICT Tools in Teaching. Contribution to Knowledge Management in Education

Author(s): Doloris BEŠIĆ-VUKAŠINOVIĆ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Traditional teaching methods often lack the necessary interaction and motivation to engage students in vocational language learning effectively. In response, educators are increasingly turning to information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance teaching practices and student motivation. This paper explores the experiences and attitudes of vocational language teachers towards the integration of ICT tools in teaching, with a focus on their role in knowledge management within educational contexts. Drawing on the principles of knowledge management, this chapter investigates how the adoption of ICT tools contributes to the creation, sharing, and utilization of knowledge in vocational language teaching. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and surveys, the attitudes and perceptions of vocational language teachers towards ICT integration are examined.The findings reveal that vocational language teachers exhibit positive attitudes towards the application of ICT tools in teaching, recognizing their potential to improve the presentation of teaching materials, increase course engagement, and expand students' knowledge. Moreover, teachers acknowledge the role of ICT tools in streamlining administrative tasks, thereby enhancing efficiency and resource utilization.Furthermore, the study identifies the key advantages of ICT integration in vocational language teaching from a knowledge management perspective. These include the facilitation of knowledge dissemination, collaboration, and innovation among educators, as well as the empowerment of students through access to diverse learning resources and interactive learning experiences. Overall, this research highlights the significance of ICT tools in promoting knowledge management practices within vocational language teaching. By embracing technology-driven approaches, educators can optimize teaching practices, foster collaboration, and ultimately enhance student learning outcomes in vocational language education.

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Относно специалната закрила на труда на непълнолетните в областта на платения годишен отпуск

Author(s): Iliyana Sabinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the present research the paid annual leave of the minor worker or employee is considered as a part of the special protection of the adolescent labour. The preconditions of the emergence of the right of paid annual leave, its duration, the different opinions expressed about its type and its use with priority in the summer have been analyzed. In relation to minors, a conclusion has been reached about the necessity of change of the legal requirement for minimum work experience as a condition for the use of paid annual leave.

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Правна същност и особености на консорциалните дългове при неправосубектния консорциум

Author(s): Dimitar Atanasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The following paper explores some of the legal aspects of consortial debts and obligations in the unincorporated consortium. The article proposes a definition of the term, outlines the main forms of consortial debt and obligations and examines their defining characteristics. Based on the typical interests and reasonable expectations of consortia creditors and the usual contractual practice a conclusion is made that in absence of agreement with the creditors to the contrary a joint and several obligation arises as a default rule and all consortia members are jointly and severally liable for damages in case of nonperformance that constitutes a breach of contract regardless of their personal fault. The paper furthermore outlines some of the defining characteristics of the consortial duty and standard of care which is reasonably expected from consortial members when fulfilling their obligations. In the concluding remarks the paper proposes a de lege ferenda default rule of joint and several liability of consortial members.

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По някои въпроси за българското обичайно наследствено право

Author(s): Neli Radeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Bulgarian common lawis an integral part of the history of the Bulgarian state and law. In the Middle Ages, a number of researchers of the problem assumed that inheritance in our country took place in a way that was regulated by the Croatian and Russian sources, namely, by custom, only the sons, not the daughters, of the testator inherited. This was also preserved in the years of Ottoman rule, when only sons and male descendants inherited. In most Bulgarian lands, daughters and female descendants did not inherit. They were entitled to receive clothing and a dowry. After the Inheritance Law of 1890 came into force in Bulgaria, daughters were given the right to inherit the property of their deceased father. Despite the right recognized by law, the people did not approve of this. The usual provisions governing the division of the father's property are also diverse.

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Роботът като "помощник" на данъчния адвокат

Author(s): Stoycho Dulevski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Robots are often entering our daily lives, including the work flow. They are becoming a valuable and increasingly indispensable assistant. Their use is visible in more complex processes, which raises a number of fundamental questions, also through the prism of tax law. The current paper aims to examine the impact of the robots in the work of the tax lawyer. The author will share some thoughts whether they can "seize" the human functions in the exercise of the activity in question and even to be defined as a 'new form of employees'.

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Korporacje w procesie finansjalizacji środowiska przyrodniczego.

Author(s): Hanna Pondel,Yanina Dymitrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The processes of commodification, privatisation, and securitisation of natural environmental components are strongly evident in the socio-economic sphere. The aim of the chapter is to present and assess the place of transnational corporations in the financialization of the natural environment, with a focus on two areas – deforestation and land grabbing. Currently, a significant portion of deforestation is attributable to consumers in wealthy countries, with approximately a quarter of global forest loss resulting from deforestation driven by resource extraction and the expansion of large industrial corporations. Land grabbing is a consequence of changes in land management as a factor of production and the increasing importance of land as an investment and speculative asset. The interest of global entities in environmental goods is primarily associated with the potential benefits that presence in this market can bring, compounded by issues with the real valuation of environmental resources, weak effects of available regulatory instruments, and the weaknesses of global organizations. The analysis of the research problem was conducted based on literature studies, using descriptive statistical methods.

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