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The article proved that the modern approach to the problem of statehood involves creating a holistic view of the system of institutions of social, political control and self indirect rights associated with society as a whole and of its subsystems, and confined to the individual - the highest values of a democratic society.
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The article explored ways to improve the system of regional development within the objectives of decentralization. Overview principles of local government and regional development management under decentralization. The ways of financing regional development in the context of decentralization are discribed.
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This paper considers the issue of decentralization. In particular the efficient monitoring of decentralization and information support. Considered such new forms of monitoring as public monitoring, based on active citizens, NGOs. These measures will accelerate the process of decentralization in Ukraine and improve it.
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The article deals with the background and features of the model "service" of the state under decentralization. Analyzed the transition from the customer bureaucratic model of public administration, which is based on service logic operation and development of the general government. In order to implement the model of "service" state proposed a conceptual orientation in public administration sector.
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The experience of the reform of the territorial device in Poland and Slovakia has been described. The experience of the administrative reform in Hungary and Romania has been analyzed. Czech experience in the reform of public administration has been studied. It has been determined that the main objective of the reform is the consolidation of the basic administrative and territorial units for optimization management.
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It has been proved that the key to successful implementation of the decentralization process is the functioning of democratic mechanisms: fair elections, freedom of the press, a strong civil society. At this stage of the Ukrainian government according to the European model of society integrates state to European approaches to effectively manage, use and management of the resource base, optimal use of the potential of local communities.
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The article proved system of training and professional development of public servants under decentralization will require substantial upgrading of their leadership training, improve their professionalism, the daily willingness and ability to competently and responsibly perform administrative functions, implementation of new social technologies for the development of the institutional capacity of the public administration, promote innovation processes in the country, personal maximum efficiency and effectiveness in local communities.
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In this work research the basic trend of decentralization of higher education and models of government regulation of higher education systems in different countries. Foreign experience shows that decentralization improves the efficiency of higher education, and it can improve government regulation of higher education in Ukraine
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Found that the current system of budget funding expenditures of local budgets, which is formed on a sectoral basis, is flawed and needs revision. Defined, decentralization of power while the distribution of authority and responsibility for violation of budget legislation between the control center and the regions is key to providing the financial basis of local government. The mechanism of financial support for local governments, which will consist of three units of local budgets, taxes and charges resource (rent) payments and tax revenues.
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The aim of the publication is to generalize experience of the specialized agencies and development institutions on the isolation and identification of depressed areas of the US, Canada and EU countries, management processes of economic development and formulation of proposals to extend the existing experience of local bodies of state and local government.The main economic mechanisms implemented specifically created to support the troubled areas of organizational structures today are: grants, subsidies; access to public contracts; tax reduction; reduction of interest on the loan; micro credit; guarantees; a new mechanism of innovation development; sectoral support; comprehensive infrastructure and industries; organization of industrial parks and business zones; support for small and medium enterprises; development of clusters.
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The compilation of papers strives to offer the reader a point of view, stepping on the solid ground of comparative analysis of the various aspect of power and authority toward building a sustainable change of policies in integrating society. The selected papers thus represent corrective actions in strategic visions and sustainability recommendations. A comprehensive overview of the ideas and ideologies in historical context and functioning practices with global, national and regional impact are carefully studied, revealing their paradoxes and application weaknesses.
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Strategic alliances, joint ventures, and franchising are established by contract between at least two independent companies as part of their strategy for growth and expansion. Franchising is one of the oldest methods, often used in developed countries. The use of franchising as a growth strategy has significantly increased in Europe and the US in recent years. As both parties in a franchising relationship are economically interdependent, but legally dependent (Michael, 2000), franchising as an organizational form can be looked at from a legal and an economic perspective and as a possible alternative for the integration of production and distribution undertakings in a single organization (Emmerson, 1990).
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The current franchise model of enterprise development has evolved for centuries. Franchising in its contemporary form was initially developed in the American market, but owing to its universality, this model has gained supporters among entrepreneurs all over the world. Today, it is successfully applied in Poland, where nearly 1,2000 networks, both in the trade and services sectors, follow this model of development. This is so even though franchising is not regulated in detail by law in Poland, and the franchise agreement operates as an innominate contract in the legal order. The legal framework underlying franchise relationships is anchored in various regulations, in particular, those devoted to combating unfair competition.
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Before the political transition, franchising was an unknown business model, but it became very popular in the ’90s and at the beginning of 21st century. The word franchising also seemed very attractive to Hungarian entrepreneurs, even a book was published with the title: Franchising is the entrepreneurs’ secret weapon? Many experts thought this could be the solution for several problems of our economy. Many networks started to use the word for their systems, without following the real ethical rules of franchising, because they could easily find investors. Even nowadays we can find Google AdWords promotion with the slogan: Join our system, no franchise fees, no royalty! Therefore, education about this business model is still very important. There are many good examples to follow in the franchise sector, not only international, but Hungarian ones as well.
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Foreign franchising emerged in Slovenia during the 1980s. Afterwards, it continued in various forms. The eighties of the twentieth century were the years when the common state began to fall apart. However, these were the years when Slovenia was the most developed republic of the Yugoslav federation, which included high levels of both exports and imports. One may observe three main fields where franchising first appeared. Car rentals, credit cards and hotels can be found in this group of imported franchise companies.
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Small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs (SMEs) are a significant segment of the Serbian economy: they make up 99.8% of total active enterprises, employ almost 2/3 employees in the non-financial sector and participate with 57.7% in the GDP of Serbia. Every tenth company exports goods or services. Research on this segment of the economy, such as the “1,000 Employers Survey” of the USAID Project for Better Business Conditions, shows that only a third of small and medium-sized enterprises cover the entire Serbia, which means that others are trading with nearby neighbors. Even though, small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs (SMEs) make up the most significant, most efficient and vital segment of the economy of the Republic of Serbia, bearing in mind their contribution to the increase in employment, gross added value and real turnover.
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Implementation of a variety of business models of internationalization contributes to overcoming the limited size of national markets. Today’s global competitiveness recognizes the necessity for qualitative and quantitative improvement of the process of internationalization of companies. The internationalization process is important as an enabler of national competitiveness and as a strategic option for businesses. As a process of integration in international activities, internationalization enables companies to expand their operating activities across the border of their national markets on the one hand and on the other, it determines and influences the market size of an economy as one of the determinants of competitiveness of economies. Organizations need to choose how to enter a market. Entry modes differ in the degree of resource commitment to a particular market, and the extent to which an organization is operationally involved in a particular location ( Johnson et al., 2008). The key entry mode types are: exporting, contractual arrangement through licensing and franchising; joint ventures and alliances, and foreign direct investment. By expanding its markets internationally, a firm can bypass limitations in the domestic market ( Johnson et al., 2005).
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Artykuł prezentuje badania pasażerów jako klientów portu lotniczego. Polskie dane uwidaczniane są na tle europejskim. Następnie autorka zajmuje się zagadnieniami zastosowania wyników badań w kształtowaniu oferty usług w porcie lotniczym, w planowaniu infrastruktury transportowej służącej dotarciu pasażerów do portu lotniczego, w określeniu obszaru oddziaływania portu lotniczego i zmian jego zakresu, w ocenie lojalności pasażerów wobec portu lotniczego, w kształtowaniu optymalnej struktury powierzchni handlowej w porcie i maksymalizacji przychodów pozalotniczych, a także w kształtowaniu siatki połączeń lotniczych.
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Przedmiotem artykułu są społeczno-ekonomiczne efekty kreowane przez funkcjonowanie i rozbudowę portu lotniczego. Przedstawiono model wpływu portu lotniczego na otoczenie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem efektów społeczno-ekonomicznych. Następnie dokonano przeglądu metod obliczania tych efektów, biorąc pod uwagę badania w USA i w Europie oraz wyniki pierwszych w Polsce analiz ekonomicznego wpływu portu lotniczego na otoczenie przeprowadzonych przez zespół naukowy z Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu. Na podstawie wyników badań w polskich portach zbudowano model ekonomicznego wpływu portu lotniczego na rozwój regionu, który może być pomocny właścicielom i zarządcom portów lotniczych w obliczaniu efektów ekonomicznych.
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