Глагольные и номинативные сравнения в польской и украинской фразеологии

Author(s): Natalija Demjanenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: XVII/2015

Fixed comparisons are the source of idiomatic comparisons. Comparative phraseologydemonstrates a wide range of culturally conditioned ideas of Poles and Ukrainians and thecompositions of phraseological unit core components are embedded in culturally-rooted systems.The aim of this study was to identify intelligence and analyze Polish phraseological units withthe comparison component and find their equivalents in the Ukrainian language. Basic principlesconcerning the structuring of Polish comparative phrases are similar to those in Ukrainian, althoughthere are examples where the grammatical form of a phraseological unit or its part does not matchthe grammatical equivalent category in the Ukrainian language.

Gramatyczna kategoria liczby dla słów obcego pochodzenia w ujęciu konfrontatywnym polsko-rosyjskim

Author(s): Tatiana Kwiatkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XVII/2015

This paper attempts to demonstrate symmetry and asymmetry in the adoption of foreign originunits in the linguistic systems of Polish and Russian. The in-depth analysis is dedicated to the categoryof number. Beginning with characteristic ending exponents of the number of nouns in both languages,certain similarities as well as differences in the ordering of borrowings into appropriate categories areindicated. The analysis concerns two aspects with respect to the research on the category of number:the first one is the adaptation of foreign nouns to a new system and the second one is the comparisonof such an adaptation in Russian and Polish. The presented research findings demonstrate a diversityof factors influencing equivalence and its absence with regards to this grammatical category.

Polonizmy leksykalne w wybranych latopisach białorusko--litewskich

Author(s): Katarzyna Grabowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XVI/2014

This article focuses on the analysis of lexical borrowings from the Polish language occurring intwo Western-Ruthenian chronicles: the first Belorussian-Lithuanian compilation the Supraśl Chronicleand the Krasińskis Chronicle, which researchers classify as the second Belorussian-Lithuaniancompilation. In the article formal-semantic borrowings have been analyzed as well as semantic andstructural calques. The comparison of excerpts from both texts has revealed that the Polish languagehad more influence over the lexis of the Krasińskis Chronicle.

Польский верлибр в русском представлении

Author(s): Sergej Preobraženskij / Language(s): Russian Issue: XVI/2014

This article discusses the status and the main plurisegmental characteristics of Polish andRussian vers libre, and evaluates the possibilities of adequate translation from the Polish versificationparadigm into the Russian one. The analytical material comprises the texts presented by Russiantranslators at the competition “Miłosz in Russian” which was organized to celebrate Czesław Miłosz’scentenary.

Polish and English Locative Expressions: An Overview

Author(s): Joanna Łozińska / Language(s): English Issue: XV/2013

The aim of the article is to outline the main differences and similarities in the waysspatial relations are expressed by means of prepositions in English and in Polish. Thediscussion starts with classifying the two languages within the same system of spaceconceptualization. Then, a description of prepositions is presented. The article concludes withthe comparison of the dynamic aspects of the Polish prepositions do ‘to’, ‘into’, w ‘in’, ‘into’and na ‘on’, ‘onto’ and their English equivalents to, in and on. Next, the main emphasis willbe put on the way space is structured in Polish by means of other spatial terms, which includeprefixes to the verbs, direction nouns and noun cases.

Patrzeć ukradkiem – czyli o podglądaniu w językowym obrazie świata Polaków i Rosjan

Author(s): Daria Słupianek-Tajnert / Language(s): Polish Issue: XV/2013

The aim of the article is to carry out an analysis of the function of the verbs podglądać/подглядывать in the linguistic picture of world of the Russians and Poles. The anthropologically-cultural aspect used as a methodological basis for the article enabled to investigatea tremendous potential of the above-mentioned verbs to express the evaluative, associativeand cultural content.

Допетровские лексические заимствования из нидер- ландского языка

Author(s): Yaroslav Dovhopolyy / Language(s): Russian Issue: XIV/2012

The article analyzes the borrowing from the Dutch language taking into account theetymological and historical aspects.The origins of relations between Russia and the Netherlands lie in those distant times,when the European system of political, trade and other relations developed itself. Thebeginning of this relationship can perhaps be traced back to the example of Staraya Ladoga,city in northern Russia, which for eight centuries before the founding of St. Petersburg in1703, was the first key port on the main trade route of ancient Russia “from the Vikings tothe Greeks”.In the beginning of the XII century merchant guilds have begun nucleation alliance ofcities, mostly in the basin of the North and Baltic seas, the so-called Hanseatic League. Sincethe main centers of which activities were carried out of the Hanseatic League was North andEast Germany, the Netherlands, respectively, then the language of communication of theHanseatic League was Low German. This article discusses the scope of the term “German”,which is characterized by considerable inconsistency. In modern Netherlandistic to refer tothis controversial use the term bifurcation, which is derived from Latin bifurcus – “forked”.Dialects of Low German are widely spoken in the northeastern area of the Netherlands (DutchLow Saxon) and are written there with an orthography based on Dutch orthography.

Wpływ języka angielskiego jako pierwszego języka obcego na szyk wyrazów języka niemieckiego jako drugiego języka obcego u polskich uczniów z podstawową znajomością języka niemieckiego. Analiza błędów.

Author(s): Jolanta Hinc / Language(s): Polish Issue: XIII/2011

This paper is a report of a finished research that deals with the problem of interference in the multilingual acquisition of grammatical competence. The aim of the quantitative study was to investigate the influence of English as the first foreign language on the word order of German as a second foreign language in the group of Polish secondary school students with basic knowledge of German language.

Natur-Objekte Wald/ЛЕС und ihre Konzeptualisierung im Deutschen und Russischen

Author(s): Ekaterina Bespalova / Language(s): German Issue: 25/2016

In the paper the author compares the concepts of WALD ЛЕС in German and Russian. The aim of the study is to evaluate common and different signs of these concepts. The author uses etymological and lexical analysis to find out the structure of language units representing these concepts in both cultures. The results of the study show that the reception of these concepts is kept in the long time memory and influences the development their language realization.

Zur Operation Merge in den unpersönlichen się ‚sich‘-Konstruktionen im Polnischen

Author(s): Anna Pilarski / Language(s): German Issue: 25/2016

The paper contains an analysis of impersonal constructions with the reflexive pronoun ‘się’ in the Polish language in comparison with their equivalents in the German language. On the basis of numerous sentence examples an observation can be made that such constructions imply a subject with the role of an agent or experiencer for which there is no phonological or morphological marker. We seek answers to following questions: Which semantic and syntactic features allow for an interpretation of the subject as agent or experiencer and what is the role of the pronoun ‘się’ in the constructions under analysis? What syntactic rules regulate the blocking of phonological and morphological markers of the subject? What generative mechanism structures the ‘się’-constructions and lies at the source of the interpretation of the ‘się’-element? The theoretical basis here is the TGG as originated by Chomsky, in particular the operations Merge, Move α and Agree stemming from the Principles and Parameters framework and Minimalist Program (MP). The aim is to show, how the operation Merge (combining two elements to form a complex syntactic object) together with the operations Move α (creating syntactic relations between individual constituents) and Agree (checking of agreement and case) affect the marking of the agent or the experiencer role in the ‘się’-constructions in Polish.

Zur IP-Struktur des Jiddischen im deutsch-polnischen Vergleich

Author(s): Anna Pilarski / Language(s): German Issue: 24/2015

The aim of the paper is to determine the structure of the INFL phrase in the Yiddish language sentence within the Principles and Parameters framework as well as the Minimalist Program, both formulated by Noam Chomsky. The article contains a syntactic analysis of the Yiddish language sentence in relation to the Polish and the German language with the focus on the verb and its position in the sentence. The aim of th analysis is to find features similar with these of the INFL phrase in the Polish and the German language, as well as parametrical features typical for the Yiddish language. In the syntax of Yiddish the verb in the main sentence has the V‑2 feature. It can also take the sentence-initial position. In contrast to the German language the subordinate sentence in Yiddish is developed symmetrically with respect to the main sentence. On the basis of sentence examples taken from selected languages and their analysis conclusions are drawn as to the INFL phrase structure in the Yiddish language.

ЕГО-ДОКУМЕНТИ ЕПОХИ БАРОКО У ПОРІВНЯЛЬНОМУ КОНТЕКСТІ

Author(s): Walentyna Sobol / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2014

The paper is devoted to comparative analysis of two ego-documents from 18th century, from Ukraine and Poland: Travel diary by Filip Orlik of Nowin arms and Travel and unsuccessful success of Poles (or The Pole confederate brought through Moscow to Siberia. Simultaneous news about Pugachov uprirising) by Karol Chojecki of Lubisz arms. A scientific meaning and multicultural potential of both works is considered, in which a lot of European and Asian peoples and customs are described.

ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПАРЕМІЯ В СУЧАСНИХ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ, НІМЕЦЬКІЙ І РОСІЙСЬКІЙ МОВАХ: ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

Author(s): Halyna Palytsya / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

The article focuses on the analysis of pedagogical paremia, its peculiarities of presentation in Ukrainian, Russian and German. The peculiarities of linguistic expression of notions and concept spheres „Teaching” and „Education” have been highlighted in the compared languages.

ВИЯВ НЕГАТИВНИХ ЕМОЦІЙ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ, РОСІЙСЬКІЙ І АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ: МОВЛЕННЄВИЙ ЖАНР ПРОКЛЯТТЯ

Author(s): Vira Slipets’ka / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

The article focuses on the peculiarities of presentation of the speech genre of cursing in Ukrainian, Russian and English linguistic cultures. It has been emphasized that such kind of paremia as cursing verbalizes the communicative law of absorption of negative emotions. Curse words occupy a certain place in a concept field “Conflict” that has its peculiar structure. Curse words verbalize the consequences of the conflict as it is expressed in different linguistic cultures.

O odmianie norweskich czaso wników s łabych

Author(s): Marcin Studziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

The main topic of this paper is the formation of the past tense (preteritum) and the Past Participle of weak verbs in Norwegian (bokmål). There exists an important difference between Norwegian on the one hand and English, German or Dutch on the other in the number of past tense suffixes. While English or German possess only one main suffix, Norwegian (bokmål) uses four: -et, -te, -de, -dde. In the paper Norwegian verbs have been collected into three groups – strong, weak and mixed. The methods for choosing the proper past suffix have also been provided. Additionally the Past Participle and the supine form have been described and analysed. Also the paper provides information connected with the history of Germanic past tense suffixes and with comparative studies in Germanic languages.

Преглед и анализа англицизама у називима новијих занимања у пословним огласима објављеним на интернету

Author(s): Ana D. Milanović,Milan D. Milanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 48/2012

The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the existence of anglicisms in titles of certain professions which may be found in job advertisements published on the Internet. The anglicisms observed in this paper are analyzed from the perspective of their type and the manner of their formation. In line with this, they are classified as obvious, hidden, and raw, whereas they can be said to have been formed using the techniques of reshaping, translation, or a combination of the two, resulting in mixed anglicisms; while a number of these titles are used in the Serbian language in the very same form as in the language they originate from, i.e. English. The professions observed in this paper refer to the fields of economy, finances and banking; human resources; marketing; management; and public relations. The observed anglicisms are found in the titles of various professions associated with the above-mentioned fields, which are published on the web pages of the leading portal where job vacancies are advertized, and which offers statistical data referring to the popularity of the given professions, as well as data on qualifications and job requiremens these professions include. The analysis of anglicisms will show that a number of these words have already been adapted to the system of the target language, in which these words fill in the missing lexical contents, in the circumstances of transitional economy.

ПРИДЕВСКИ ЛЕКСИЧКИ АНТОНИМИ НА МАТЕРИЈАЛУ АСОЦИЈАТИВНОГ РЕЧНИКА

Author(s): Ivana Mitić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 51/2013

In this paper, using the analytical, corpus, contrastive and comparative method, we analyse the adjective lexical antonyms which are incurred as a result of associations on materials excerped from Asocijativni rečnik (Piper i dr. 2005). The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which the frequency of occurrence of certain related associations with the meaning of the adjective and the degree of conflict among members antonyms pairs, and to study the way how the mental lexicon works. It was concluded that with real antonyms, antonym, in most cases occurs as the first association. With unreal antonyms, as first association occurs synonum, not antonym.

СЛАГАЊЕ ПАРТИЦИПА ПЕРФЕКТА И АНТЕПОЗИЦИОНИРАНОГ ДИРЕКТНОГ ОБЈЕКТА У ИТАЛИЈАНСКОМ И ФРАНЦУСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ: КОНТРАСТИВНО-ДИЈАХРОНИЈСКИ ПРИСТУП

Author(s): Biljana Stikić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 52/2013

Dans le présent travail, nous avons soumis à l’analyse diachronique des exemples dans lesquels le français et l’italien montrent les différences à l’égard de l’accord du complément d’objet direct antéposé avec le participe passé. Il s’agit des constructions/phénomènes suivants : le pronom relatif que/che, la périphrase factitive faire/fare + infinitif, le pronom en et la construction avec combien/quanto. Une approche diachronique appliquée sur un corpus formé, en général, de textes écrits en ancien français et en ancien italien, démontre que, dans une certaine époque de leur évolution, ces deux langues romanes ignoraient les différences de l’accord existant à l’état actuel. La raison de leur écart repose, entre autre, dans le fait que le français, par rapport à l’italien, vivait des changements très rapides et importants, tant sur le niveau phonologique que sur le niveau morpho-syntaxique.

200 години от зараждането на сравнително-историческото езикознание и от формирането на лингвистиката като съвременна наука

Author(s): Borislav Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

J. Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska. Słowiańska terminologia techniczna (na materiale polskim, rosyjskim i bułgarskim)

Author(s): Dilyana Dencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017