Teórie etnickej identity kanchan chandrovej a národnej indiferencie a možnosti ich uplatnenia pri historickom i etnologickom výskume jazykovo-kultúrne heterogénneho obyvateľstva juhoslovenských regiónov a miest

Author(s): Ondrej Ficeri / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2016

Slovak and Hungarian social sciences have paid sufficient attention to research on the transformation of the ethnic identities of people living mainly in ethnically mixed regions and towns of southern Slovakia. In the course of the 20th century, the affected population switched its ethnic identification codes depending on the assimilation political practices or the ethnic policy of the respective state authorities. The aim of this paper is to point out, through the theory of ethnic identity by political scientist Kanchan Chandra from New York (2012), the possibilities of applying an innovative analytical language to the historical and current research of assimilation processes, which enable a more exact grasping of the mechanisms of ethno-cultural changes in the southern Slovakian region heterogeneous in terms of language and culture. The inhabitants of this type of regions and towns were easily ethicized given their potential to become holders of several types of nominal ethnic identities which were activated (assimilation) or deactivated (dissimilation) depending on the situation in various contexts of the daily public and private life. This “non-national” behavior of the population (ethnical practice) had a causal influence on the current ethnic structure of the “lost” or “recovered” town, which can be interpreted as an expression of national indifference– the concept advocated by social scientists Tara Zahra, Jeremy King or Pieter Judson.

Рекламные рефлексы в русской фразеологии

Author(s): Ludmila P. Dyadecho / Language(s): Russian Issue: 124/2008

Citing a number of popular phrases originating from TV commercials, the article proves the change in the linguistic status of winged words and shows their deep penetration into the Russian linguistic cognitive field.

Recenzie

Author(s): Ľubomíra Wilšinská,Alica Ternová,Mária Strýčková,Jozef Bilský,Svetlana Vašíčková,Tomáš Mrňávek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2018

ŽEŇUCH, P. – ZUBKO, P. et alii: Liturgické jazyky v duchovnej kultúre Slovanov. Monotematický súbor štúdií. Bratislava: Slavistický ústav Jána Stanislava SAV a Slovenský komitét slavistov, 2017. 368 s. GÁBOR, Ľ: Ľudová próza západných Slovanov v komparatistickej perspektíve. Sondy do literárnej predhistórie. Banská Bystrica: Belianum, vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela, 2017. 154 s. Nová učebnica staroslovienčiny a rusínskej diachrónnej jazykovedy MRŇÁVEK, Т.: Vývoj a struktura liturgie sv. Jana Zlatoústého. Praha: Nakladatelství Pavel Mervart, 2017. 232 s. SEVŠEK ŠRAMEL, Š. – PALLAY, J. (eds.): Sedemdeset let slovakistike v Ljubljani: posvečeno Andreju Rozmanu. Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete, 2017. (Knjižna zbirka Slavica Slovenica; št. 2). 278 s. KILIÁNOVÁ, G. – ZAJONC, J. (eds.): 70 rokov Ústavu etnológie Slovenskej akadémie vied: kontinuity a diskontinuity bádania a jednej inštitúcie. Bratislava: VEDA, 2016. 288 s. KILIÁNOVÁ, G. – POTANČOK, V. (eds.): PhDr. BOŽENA FILOVÁ, CSc., členka korešpondentka SAV: osobnosť, dielo a personálna bibliografia. Bratislava: Ústav etnológie SAV, 2017. 87 s.

Vzťah jazyka, kultúry a identity v prostredí etnických minorít

Author(s): Ladislav Lenovský / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03+04/2018

This paper focuses on the relations between language, culture and identity in the environment of ethnic minorities on the example of Lowland Slovaks – Slovak communities existing in Hungary, Serbia, Romania and Croatia. The diversity of their language, culture and identity, which can be seen today, is the result of their (somewhere more than historical) coexistence with national majority and other minorities. This situation and perspectives are not just results of the past (especially post-Ottoman and national-emancipation periods), but mainly results of the multinational Europe from the second half of the 20th century and increasingly more of the euro-unionization and globalization.

Postmodern Dil Anlayişi Ekseninde Göçmüş Kediler Bahçesi Kitabi

Author(s): İlyas Akman / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2018

Language is one of the most important phenomena of postmodernism. Postmodern authors regard life and subjects as products of language. They do not believe that there is even such a thing as body before the language. We have tried to elaborate on what the postmodernist major theorists have to say. The language is not a fixed, absolute, constant thing. It has a flexible and slippery ground. When life and subjects are drawn onto this kind of slippery ground, they become a structure that is swung to the right and left. Therefore, postmodern thinkers say that postmodern people have an exciting but dangerous life. In the postmodern period, there are no meanings/constructions which are confined to certain boundaries and which are limited. While creating texts, authors strive to establish structures in which each reader can be drawn in different directions, rather than a single direction. Due to the structure of postmodern language, the works of this period have an anarchic structure. Texts do not respond to customary reading patterns. Bilge Karasu uses the concept of postmodern language in the stories of the book The Garden of the Departed Cats. We tried to reveal the characteristics of the postmodern language in Bilge Karasu's work.

Причастие в русском и турецком языках в сравнительном аспекте

Author(s): Leyla Çiğdem Dalkılıç / Language(s): Russian Issue: 55/2017

This article deals with the morphological formation and the features of use of participial forms in Russian and Turkish from a comparative perspective. Differences in the expression and use of these forms in Russian and Turkish are analyzed from formal, functional and syntactic points of view, since the difficulties experienced by Turkish pupils in learning participial forms are manifested precisely in the above three main stages. In view of this, the article analyzes selected cases and discusses the causes of Turkish students' difficulty with Russian participles. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate both the uniqueness and at the same time the universality of the given grammatical phenomenon, the formation and use of which are very different in both languages.

LANGUAGE POLICIES AND MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION IN MINORITY SCHOOLS IN OTTOMAN EMPIRE: OUTCOMES AND FUTURE INSIGHTS

Author(s): Emrah Dolgunsöz / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2014

Language is the spirit of nations; the cement of the culture mosaic. Its education has a critical role especially for multi-national societies and states. According to Human Rights, every individual has the right to develop, teach and learn his native language in any setting. But this democratic right is required to be regularized with a healthy, efficient and long term multilingual education policy. As one of the most powerful multi-ethnic empires of history, Ottoman Empire embraced numerous cultures and several unique languages. As a policy, the Empire followed a relatively flexible and irregular language policy which fostered national homogeneity and unity in time. On the other hand, the Empire always kept the gap between Anatolian Turkish language by employing Ottoman language as official language. The imbalanced policies of multilingual education and Porte’s distance to Anatolian Turkish contributed a lot to the disintegration of the Empire. This study focuses on why Ottoman language policies adversely affected the unity of the multilingual Empire, scrutinizes the insufficient multilingual education models among Muslim society with its outcomes and discusses how multilingual education in minority schools contributed the disintegration process.

Referential and vehicular languages in the process of migrant integration

Author(s): Mónica Ibáñez Angulo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In this article I examined the strategies developed by Bulgarian immigrants living in Spain in order to promote the learning of Bulgarian language and culture among their children. Starting from the incorporated cultural capital brought by immigrants in the form of habitus (Bulgarian language and culture), I analyse how this devaluated cultural capital in the migratory context is effectively reconverted in other forms of cultural capital (objectified and institutionalized) through the development of non-formal and formal courses on Bulgarian language and culture. In this analysis I show the articulation between, on the one hand, the contexts where these informal, non-formal and formal courses take place and, on the other hand, the reconversion of different forms of social and cultural capital: the initial bonding social capital between family members and close group of compatriots is effectively reconverted into bridging and linking social capital as the organization of these courses requires and contributes to the diversification of social networks. The analysis has also a gender dimension given that in most cases, and certainly in the case of Burgos, women are the main social actors and makers of these strategies. The main objective of the article is to show the relevance of social interaction and social networks in the development of reconversion strategies of different forms of social and cultural capital. In addition, the article also expects to raise more awareness towards the relevance of mother-tongue learning in the migratory context.

КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ПОЛИФОНИЯ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ РУССКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ПОЭТОВ ЯКУТИИ

Author(s): Elena Dishkant / Language(s): Russian Issue: 09/2013

The article is devoted to timely theme of the Yakut literary studies, analysis of Russian-Yakut links in literary art. The article introduces an intrinsic image of present day condition of Russian-speaking poetry in Yakutia. The opuses poetics, various approaches of reality repercussions at Russian-speaking Yakut poets of 1970-90s are analyzed in the presented article. The problem of interaction between Russian and Yakut literature is envisaged on the basis of analysis of their pieces of work.

Akustické vlastnosti oslovenia ako sprievodnej komunikačnej funkcie v trénerskom komunikačnom registri

Author(s): Marianna Kraviarová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 27-28/2016

This paper focuses on the sound level of addressing as a communication act in the coach´s communication register, which takes place during communication between the coach and the pubescent players practicing team ball games (handball) in training and game dialogues. The description of the sound level is based on the exact phonetic research of two authentic recordings of communications between the coach and the players. In the analysis of the audio recordings (on the basis of the Praat program), we focused on the specific measurement of intonational characteristics. The aim of the research is to show the differences in the acoustic realization of the addressing as accompanying four communication functions (command, appeal, encouragement, warning) implemented in the addressing communication acts in the coach´s microsocial communication register within training and game dialogues.

Radoslav Štefančík (ed.): Jazyk a politika. Na pomedzí lingvistiky a politológie. Bratislava: EKONÓM 2016. 350 s. ISBN 978-80-225-4292-0

Author(s): Zuzana Kočišová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 27-28/2016

АНГЛИЙСКИЕ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ В НАЗВАНИЯХ РУССКИХ ЧАСОВ

Author(s): Bożena Bolesta-Wrona,Władimir Zaika / Language(s): Russian Issue: 14/2017

The present text focuses on English borrowings in the Russian language that are used to coin the names of Russian watches. The problem is scrutinized in the context of the Americanization of culture in post-Soviet Russia. It has been shown that the borrowings most frequently used by the Russian watchmakers are well-established in Russian as they have been functioning in the language at least since the first half of the 20th century. The analysis of nominations employing English borrowings indicates that tendencies in the naming practices in the Russian watchmaking industry seem to be substantially conservative.

Why Important is Learning Turkish as a Mother Tongue for Bilingual Students in England?

Author(s): Ayşe Çiftci,Andrew Townsend / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Learning a mother tongue (L2) is important for bilingual children who live abroad in order to learn the L1 of that society, improve the effectiveness of their communication with members of a family and increase transmission of cultural values and facilitate personal development. This study deploys a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected from 4 students at 9-12 years old, 4 parents and 3 teachers at the Turkish Community Saturday School, in Nottingham, England. Structured-interviews and observations were used to gather data on learning techniques. The goal is to understand and describe the perceptions of teachers’, students’ and parents’ learning of the mother tongue by bilingual Turkish students between the ages of 9-12. Research findings support that the perceptions of the participants on learning Turkish as mother tongue are critical, as they learn Turkish in order to foster effective communication with their families, by using Turkish effectively and learn Turkish cultural values.

Urbani žargon mladih

Author(s): Mersina Mujagić,Feđa Imamović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6-7/2018

The paper describes lexis of limited use, i. e. slang collected by interviewing student population in order to analyse non-standard lexis of the Bosnian language. We analysed both semantic aspect and word formation of slang words and classified them according to derivational suffixes, thematic fields, as well as speakers’ attitude towards the subject of subjective assessment.

MURDELIIGENDUSED XVI–XVIII SAJANDI EESTI KIRJALIKES ALLIKATES

Author(s): Siim Antso / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 63/2017

The article examins the formation of Estonian dialect divisions in the works of various authors of the 16th to 18th century. The selected texts were analyzed from a socio- and colonial linguistic viewpoint. The origin of linguistics and dialectology in Estonia is foreign, as research was conducted by Baltic Germans. In the perspective of colonial linguistics, the effort to learn the local varieties and bring order to the languages was done not only to communicate better with the locals but also to impose cultural domination. Thus languages were modelled after the ruling class’s mother tongue or Latin. The analysis also takes into account the effects of human and natural boundaries on dialect divisions, such as administrative borders, rivers, and forests. The texts analyzed were for the most part of a linguistic nature, being grammars sometimes accompanied by dictionaries. However, some works of history where neighbouring languages were described from a dialect paradigm were also included. For the most part, larger historic administrative units were used to describe the dialect situation in 16th to 18th-century texts. On many occasions larger cities were used to mark a dialect area. In the case of Tartu and Tallinn, specific city language varieties were named to distinguish them from the surrounding dialect area. This kind of a distinction is expected, since the ongoing dispute between the Tartu and Tallinn written language had an immense effect on the whole dialect system. The impact of natural obstacles was almost non-existent in the analyzed texts. It should be noted, however, that the current method only allowed for analysis of the texts themselves and the confirmed and plausible connections between them. Thus, a detailed inquiry with further material is yet to be conducted.

VÕÕRSÕNADE KUJU FIKSEERUMISE PÕHIJOONI EESTI KEELES 1918─2018

Author(s): Tiina Paet / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 63/2017

According to the survey and analysis of the spelling norms of a century ago, which is presented in the article, over 2000 words (every tenth word) of the 20,000 entries included in the first Estonian spelling dictionary (EKÕS) published in 1918 are of foreign origin, 365 of which have since been subject to spelling changes, stem replacement or loss from use. The main trends observed are as follows: a lengthening or shortening of the phonetic shape of words, a loss of certain elements typical of the source or mediating language (e.g. the loss of the endings -ismus- and -us); a shortening of the vowel in the non-initial syllable accompanied by stress shifting to the first syllable, alternation between i and ü (in words of Greek origin), changes in verb and adjective suffixes, as well as some semantic changes. 50 of the 2054 words analysed have failed to make their way to the newest Dictionary of Standard Estonian (ÕS 2018). About 15 of those 50 can still be found in the Lexicon of Foreign Words, while eight (8) have fallen into oblivion and the rest are derivatives not included among the entry words in the modern Dictionary of Standard Estonian (ÕS 2018). The ending -ismus survived longer than -us, which was practically gone by 1925 except in the parallel forms for two entry words batsill (batsillus) ‘bacillus’ and hümn (hümnus) ‘anthem’ presented in the second edition of the dictionary. In the Small Spelling Dictionary of 1933 the ending -us was dropped from those two words as well. The dictionary of 1925 reveals a vowel shortening in the non-initial syllable, except in the words martsipaan ‘marzipan’, oktaav ‘octave’, plataan ‘sycamore’, sümptoom ‘symptom’, tsükloon ‘cyclone’, and veteraan ‘veteran’. The 1937 edition of the Small Spelling Dictionary presents those words in the same shape except for martsipa[a]n, where a short vowel is accepted as admissible. In some of the Estonian words the long vowel in the non-initial syllable can be explained by its origin lying in a long Latin or Arabic vowel, while in the rest it is either occasional or follows the principle of analogy. Nowadays (in ÕS 2018) we find the forms sümptoom, oktaav, and plataan presented as parallel entries placed second to their short-vowel equivalents. Although with time foreign words tend to adapt to the receiving language by getting simpler and acquiring some traits of the target language, there are also contrary examples, where EKÕS 1918 contains a rather Estonian-like spelling that has since become closer to the source by acquiring some foreign traits. By the time EKÕS was compiled the Estonian language had mainly been in contact, for political reasons, with German and Russian, which thus came to serve as mediating languages for other source languages. Most of the words borrowed before 1880 either originate in German or have been mediated by German. Russian mediation was at its height from early 1880s, when Russianization began, up to 1920, when Russian lost its position in Estonia due to a change in the political situation. Although the mediating language cannot always be definitely asserted, it is sure that most of the vocabulary analysed has been mediated to Estonian by German.

Język kobiecy jako złudzenie? Pytania o istnienie narracji uwarunkowanej przez płeć

Author(s): Aleksandra Byrska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2017

The article asks about the adequacy of the theory of feminine language and the practice of women writing. It considers the notion of hysteria as not only a feminine phenomenon. It pays attention to examples of women texts, which are not conditioned by gender, and compares examples of women and men prose to show that the characteristics of poetics are still not enough to apprehend the idiosyncrasy of femininity.

Китайская фразеология: традиции изучения, типология, источники происхождения

Author(s): Lina Ding,Innesa Babenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2017

The article argues that the phraseology is an important part of any language system, the most part clearly reflects the features of a national worldview and mentality of the ethnic group. Phraseology is formed and updated over the centuries from different sources. One of the most important resources of the extension of the phraseological stock of a language is known or precedent folklore, literary, scientific or journalistic texts. The authors argue that the phraseology of the Chinese language formed a solid units of various types. A special group of Chinese idioms lexicographers include combination, a source of origin which have become Chinese ancient books: the Records of the Grand Historian, the book of changes, The Analects of Confucius. These books have formed the core values of Chinese culture, but also greatly enlarged the phraseology of the Chinese language. This article aims to study the differences of sources of Russian and Chinese idioms.

Нови, ретки и словенизирани грцизми и нивната улога во локализацијата на црковнословенските текстови

Author(s): Emilija Crvenkovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 14/2018

The paper provides overview of the destiny of some Old Church Slavonic/Church Slavonic manuscripts, as well as the issues related to their time and spatial localization. Special attention has been paid to the role of loanwords in localization of these texts, taking into consideration the different Slavonic and Non-Slavonic contact zones. In addition, the paper elaborates on some rare, new and Slavonized graecisms, entered after the return of the Church Slavonic literature at the Slavonic South, in Slavonic-Greek contact zone. This lexis can be usually found in hymnographic texts, in prophetologion, as well as in the commented psalter. Analysis of many properties shows that Slavonic translations or later redactions of these texts are created at the Ohrid Literary School, i.e. at the Slavonic southwest areal. Several graecisms which became part of the spoken and dialect language contribute to more precise localization. The question remains how certain graecisms can contribute to more precise localization of Church Slavonic texts, considering the fact that a certain lexical layer can originate from the archetype or from the protograph. It is possible that the lexical elements can be a result of the latter redaction.

Calque linguistique et transfert sémantique

Author(s): Abdellatif Chekir / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2018

Many idiomatic expressions specific to the French language have been translated into Arabic in favour of the contact between these two languages. However, these expressions cannot be easily located in Arabic since they receive a new texture, while taking advantage of this idiom’s linguistic material. However, in order to stay faithful to the target language, these expressions should respect a few particular settings that are not fully respected, which makes recognizing them even harder. The semantic aspect added to the contextual reference allows us to identify this kind of calque.