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Dëshmi të oralitetit në sistemin narrativ të prozës së Mitrush Kutelit

Author(s): Kastriot Gjika / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2015

It is said and believed, in up to date studies, that the “kutelian” literature (especially the prose) is structured as modern literature. One of the features of which is the presence in its stylistic composition, of some phenomena and aspects of orality. In fact, it is only mentioned this feature, because in reality, our studies on orality have been and still are incomplete. Even in this author’s case, treating him as a modern prose author, has conditioned the study of orality not only as a point of view, but even as a pragmatic way of investigating these texts’ compositions. Studying for a long time the narrative texts of Kuteli, I’ve come to the conclusion that the axis of orality (agreeing that his work is not only multidimensional, but multi-axial too) it is even more essential and inherent than we could have noticed until now. There are many testimonies to prove this hypothesis and our work takes on to investigate them.

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Dritëro Agolli, prêtre de Dionysos

Author(s): Aleksander Zoto / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/2015

Tout entiere ouverte sur la rumeur du monde, l’oeuvre poétique de Dritëro Agolli se déploie, en ses phases successives, comme une rhapsodie ou symphonie inachevée - et pour cause – aux harmonies typiquement albanaises mais aux résonances universelles. Recueil après recueil et par-delà les visées particulières de chacun, elle exalte en l’homme le roi de la creation, mais un roi complice de toutes les forces et vies constitutives de son royaume, et en cela elle se place, peut-on dire, sous le signe de Dionysos.

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Dritëro Agolli, prêtre de Dionysos – Dritëro Agolli nën mbretërinë e Dionisit

Author(s): Alexandre Zotos / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 03-04/2016

Tout entière ouverte sur la rumeur du monde, l’oeuvre poétique de Dritëro Agolli se déploie, en ses phases successives, comme une rhapsodie ou symphonie inachevée – et pour cause – aux harmonies typiquement albanaises mais aux résonances universelles. Recueil après recueil et par-delà les visées particulières de chacun, elle exalte en l’homme le roi de la création, mais un roi complice de toutes les forces et vies constitutives de son royaume, et en cela elle se place, peut-on dire, sous le signe de Dionysos. L’analyse de cet esprit dionysien, au sens large du terme, l’inventaire de ses tenants et aboutissants, nous amènera à définir ce que cette poésie révèle de l’art d’écrire du poète, mais aussi de son être même et de son art de vivre, tant l’homme est engagé dans ce qu’il écrit. Cette approche vise donc, pour le dire en termes plus concrets, à cerner et illustrer les modalités de ce lyrisme synonyme de dynamisme, propre à Dritëro Agolli, où la douceur virgilienne le dispute à l’énergie virile, la tendresse à l’humour, l’émotion à l’esprit ludique, soit les voies par lesquelles le poète va tissant la geste du séjour terrestre, de tout ce qui l’habite ou l’habille, au fil du trajet de sa propre existence.

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E penguara

Author(s): Thomas Steinfeld / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 11/2017

Nuk ka kujtim pa interes dhe nuk ka moral pasiguri të rrejshme: autori i madh shqiptar Ismail Kadare në romanin e tij "E penguara" (në gjermanisht: E internuara) rrëfen për vitet e fundit të sundimit të Enver Hoxhës.

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Editimet historiko‐letrare të profesor Idriz Ajetit ‐ një fushë e panjohur

Author(s): Myrvete Dreshaj-Baliu / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 46/2016

The object of this study is the contribution of Professor Idriz Ajeti in the field of literature and his didactic views in designing textbooks for this field. Many research studies have been made about his contributions that were focused in many fields and aspects of albanology, however it is not difficult to notice that from the rich bibliography his contribution in the field of literature was “excluded” in all cases. Therefore, my approach to this phenomenon has a special incentive: Adem Demaçi’s story in the novel "“Dashuria kuantike e Filanit”, about Professor Idriz Ajeti, as a model of a patriot teacher with perfect methods. This story prompted the research in his early bio-bibliography, which resulted in the recognition of two textbooks, Libër të leximit [Reading Book] and Antologji e letërsisë shqipe [Anthology of Albanian literature], and their substantive and conceptual structure.

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Ernest Koliqi - Besa shqiptare

Author(s): Albanë Mehmetaj / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 37/2018

Topics of the Albanian environment are common to a writer like Ernest Koliqi, raised in the bosom of Shkodra's literary school. Koliqi's literary works, like "Shadow of Mountains" or "Flag Trader", treat the Albanian topics in Albanian environments, one a completely traditional environment and the other a urban, modern one. In this paper we will treate the topic of "given word” (“besa shqiptare”) regarding the hospitality and cult of the friend (“miku”) in the Albanian tradition. We encounter this topic in some of the stories of "Shadow of the Mountains", in some special forms, but as the main topic is addressed in the short story "The firend” (“Miku”). This text is the “open door” to enter to the Ernest Koliqi's stories of Albanian topics, focused on a single, simple narrative situation, which describes the ideas of a writer according to the traditional categories of behavior. This story has a simple plot: Uc Lleshi, a high-ranking officer, who expects to advance in office, while in front of him, a friend (“mikun”) in his home, a reporter from Shkodra, prossecuted politicly by Government. In another situation here is going to be a drama of handing over or not the frind to the Government people, but the Uc does not even think to hand over the friend, because the Albanian house is God's and friend's. The friend is at home and given word can not be broken by either politics or career advancements. So, we are ahead of an old code of the “Kanun” and of the Albanian life, which links its moral base to the category of traditional onesty, therefore, along with Koliqi's story, this fundamental category of traditional Albanian life should be treated in any case.

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Erosi në prozën e Dritëro Agollit

Author(s): Anila Mullahi / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 03-04/2016

Eros, which appears sometimes as fluent and sometimes as a concrete action, it is not very present in Albanian literature after year 1944. It is often considered taboo, even as a “manifestation of degeneration”. In Agolli prose, love will appear in all its forms, at times it will be a platonic feeling and at times it will be a vigorous union where feelings become concrete. The erotic act is not described in detail, but is present in the bursts of instincts that encompasses the lovers. They meet as by accident, crossing their eyes, the first erogenous area, and after that it becomes subject of dreams and the inability to sleep. Eros, in Agolli’s work, is not only the result of the accepted love, but also of betrayal. They are very rare in the Albanian literature of the ’50s and the ’60s, the descriptions of extramarital affairs. In the collection of stories “The sounds of the past winds” published in 1964, that was quickly removed from circulation, Agolli had created a series of atypical characters, which were outside the norm. In these stories we find brave women, who unhappy with their husbands, go and seek happiness somewhere else, and do not say no to temptation. Agolli has created a series of completely sad, disappointed female characters. He has uncovered their world, their feelings which did not disappear although because of the circumstances they were subject to the rules. Love, eros are beyond good and evil, beyond what is pleasing to society or not. In the novel “Commissar Memo”, the commissar is far from the charasteristic character. He is a hero who loves a girl at a time when such a thing could lead for him to be shot. The novel “Rose in the Glass” was criticized as a “lemonade book” because in this work Agolli had created characters that showed neither courage nor bravery, and even showed weakness before their emotions and suffered from spiritual uncertainties. In the description of Eros in Agolli’s it is apparent the ressemblance with folk literature, which is considered by scholars that had more freedom than written literature, which had greater internal restriction. The poems of Cute Babule in the novel “The Ark of the Devil” are filled with eroticism. He, through them, makes powerful stories for human love and eros as an instinct of life. Eros is a “desire for connection”, a desire for relations and interaction with other beings.

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Estetika e identitetit të rigjetur

Author(s): Rexhep Qosja / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 3/2014

Në krijimtarinë letrare dhe jashtëletraretë Jeronim De Radës shquajnë dy dominante kuptimore dhe artistike, që janë: e para, ideja historiko-kombëtare dhe, e dyta, lirizmi.

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ESTETIKA E IDENTITETIT TË RIGJETUR

Author(s): Rexhep Qosja / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 44/2014

Në krijimtarinë letrare dhe jashtëletrare të Jeronim De Radës shquajnë dy mbizotërues (dominante) kuptimorë dhe artistikë, që janë: e para, ideja historiko kombëtare dhe, e dyta, lirizmi. Gjuhëtari i njohur Roman Jakobson, mbizotërues (dominante) quan përbërësin kryesor në një vepër letrare, në krejt krijimtarinë e një shkrimtari dhe në një periudhë historiko-letrare, që i përcakton, që i afron, që i shndërron, që i funksionalizon të gjithë përbërësit e tjerë në atë vepër, në atë krijimtari të një shkrimtari, në atë periudhë historiko-letrare duke siguruar tërësinë e strukturës së saj.

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FAKTET DHE POEZIA - Libri i burgut, Arshi Pipa, Romë, 1959

Author(s): Zahrie KAPLLANAJ / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

Certain moments when the author selects the certain events and facts to put them into literature marks the important definition. Literature is chosen because in this way these facts mark more than the clue.The author of the book, The Prison Book, Arshi Pipa, wanted that his volume not to be just a series of chronological facts of the life in prison. With facts, he wanted, like he writes in the preface of the book, “to give also their echo for the soul”. Because “the material, abstract fact, unclad from the psychic atmosphere, in which it used to live, can it give a faithful frame of the reality?” he raises the dilemma. Then he finds: “The spiritualization of the fact is a task for poetry”. This is the reason why Arshi Pipa chooses that the multiyear memoirs in Albanian jails to versify in poetry. To align them in verses and pieces, with a classical Albanian verse, with a chosen versification, with explanations and concrete contextualization, that he considers organic part of the poetry. Driven by these dilemmas and findings, this poetry book was chosen to be treated as a special and very interesting model. The theme proposed by this abstract will study so a poem where the data is exclusively related to poetry in a synthetic way. The study of this connection we consider to be important in its own way.

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FAKTI DHE FIKSIONI NË KËNDVËSHTRIMIN FENOMENOLOGJIK

Author(s): Arben Hoxha / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

Fact and fiction are entities of literary work and expressions of the mental states of the creative subject which have or do not have referential relationships with the real empirical world. Fact and fiction are identity categories of literary genres. But the question arises, is it possible that genre definitions can be realized only by determining the categorical identity of fact and fiction separated from each other, in the context of modern and postmodern literary culture, which is characterized by the various literary genres syncretism? In the identity determinations of fact and fiction as not only literary but also as cognitive entities, do they implicate certain cultures, or are they independent of them? In our work we will treat the fact and the fiction, through phenomenology, not as a narrow theoretical field of literary study but as a stream and philosophical method, in the field of resources that construct their reality and in the field of the effects they exert on receiver.The fact and the fiction will be treated in two directions:a) in their interdependence with the worldview structures of an era or culture, andb) in the plan of epistemic literary reality, as subjective expression of the mental states of the perceiving and receiving subject.

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FAKTI DHE FIKSIONI NË ROMANIN E PASHKUT DHE ATË TË LË KLEZIOS

Author(s): Avdi Visoka / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

This paper aims to interrogate two different national literatures/authors through the common literary procedures, topics, and style within the spectrum of Fact-Fiction interplay. Regarding the literary preoccupations since the prose writing origins,the relationshipbetween the fictional and the referential pact seems to be crucial. Many times they are opposed to each other. However, within the fictional structure, the factual power could vary. According to the context, it can interact with the plausible, with the likelihood, and depends directly from the real facts infused into diegesis.The contemporary novel is characterized by a powerful awareness of real referenceshandling within the fiction. Anton Pashku, in Albanian literature, and Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, in French literature, represent two original models of handling with the fictional and factional pact in their prose writing. The novels Oh and The Desertare characterized for a complex meta-textual perplexity.This is why a comparative examination between them is important for the literary research of the relationships between fact and fiction, and for the comparative approaches between these national literatures as well.

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FAKTI DHE FIKSIONI TEK VEPRA E FAIK KONICËS – DR. GJËLPËRA ZBULON RËNJËT E DRAMËS SË MAMURRASIT

Author(s): Loreta Loli / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

Fact/Occurrence is distinct from Fiction/ Creation. The Fact may accuse to realize the fiction in literature, but on the other hand, we should not expect that the first (fact), and second (fiction), to be equaled, because for sure, the function/functions of fiction isn’t/aren’t those of revealing the fact/the truth, on the contrary, it can happen, as it had, that one fact has created the fiction of literary work which has resulted completely deviated from the initial fact. Meanwhile, literary work through fiction brings its own truth for the reader, a self-sufficient truth and independent of the extra literary circumstances. Our work will have as its object the long prose of Faik Konica, “Dr. Gjëlpëra zbulon rrënjët e dramës së Mamurrasit”, ( Dr. Needle reveals the roots of the drama of Mamurras”). We chose to treat this prose as we can analyze a distinct relationship between Fact and Fiction. As is known, “Dr. Gjëlpëra…” was published with parts (feuilleton) at Dielli (newspaper), when the tragedy of the killing of two American merchants occurred in Albania, respectively in Mamurras (province), an event for which Konica wrote direct denunciation articles. But also Konica brings to the readers a literary work “Dr. Gjëlpëra…” which promise to reveal the roots of this happening. How much does fiction, namely literary work, reach this promise of the empirical author? If we start from the title it is completely a confirmative answer, avoiding any hesitation. This for one simply textual reason, the geographical referent, (Mamurras), at the same time historical referent (drama of Mamurras), is part of the title of the work, is part of an indicative sentence, the language category that essentially affirms an event, an action, a phenomenon, and moreover, preceded by the verb reveals, also a verb at the present time of the indicative mode. All these language indicators transmit to the reader confirmation and insure that the indented purpose can only be accomplished during texturing.If we refer to the plot of the work we conclude that there is no mention of Mamurras Drama, or less for the discovery of this drama, which must be performed by the hero of the work, Dr. Gjëlpëra.How then is this relationship in this literary work? What does discover Dr. Gjëlpëra in his visit in Albania? How much does he discover from the drama (and not tragedy!) that happens or has happened in Albania? Are we talking for the same fact that happened in Mamurras or do we have a new literary fact? How is structured the discovery of Dr. Gjëlpëra into text? These questions are our guide into the textual analysis of Konica's text to conclude in the "truths" that the text will reveal to us.

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FEMRA, PERSONAZHI I SIMBOLIZUAR

Author(s): Jorida Sotiri / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

Based on this context, we bring the symbolism of women, as the real reflection of human circumstances. Reality is replaced by the illusion, which refers to an imagination, where dreams and hopes strike with a good desire not to be extinguished and lost. Illusion replaces reality, when it comes tough, painful. As the author claims to descend on a terrestrial level, the text structure remains decoded in the symbol. As Bendeto Kroce ascertains, "the symbol is created unconnected with the author's intuition, it is a synonym of that intuition that has the signs of the ideal." For this, the author, along with the heroine, experience the illusion of another, tired, helpless to overcome this human reality.It is not by accident that the symbol of the woman appears in Koliqi’s, Migjeni’s, Spasse's work, always "in search of a dream, and in these women's searches carries the cross of suffering, the symbol of pain and hope", provoking a life situation in a person's dialogue with his reader. Females become the symbol of helplessness, imprinted in both the family and the society. It is alienated in the face of moral code. Interest in the world's perception of the world, feelings and imaginative fantasies prompt the authors to treat the female figure very carefully through the literary character. Its rich and secretive world is distinguished by the authors of pride, bravery, wit and beauty. The three authors reveal to the reader the appearance of feminine symbolism. Their common feature lies in the point of view of the action scene and the perception of the character, where, based on the relationships between the inner world and the surrounding mentality, a pain or a human desire arises. "Deep melancholy overwhelms human souls; at every turn, the dark sides and the shortcomings of life are seen; death, loneliness, alienation, and judgment over something distant for an unknown world that ran away from the daily" dislodged the woman from falling into the sorrows of melancholy, but since social reality did not offer this, she began to cry in despair of a the incurable soul of a city blasphemy.

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Figuratika dhe figurat

Author(s): Ag Apolloni / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 7/2016

In this analyze are identified 33 figures to see how Ismail Kadare remained a poet even when he wrote novel. The purpose has been to evidence the figures,considering the proposal of Gérard Genette’s of the narrowing the stylistics in figuratique, through which will be analyzed the figurative functionality of this novel, the validity of which of course it can never be judged by the reference value, but from the figurative importance. The illustration of the essential elements of this novel is made possible by these 33 figures, through which is filtered the narration for the Calvary of the general,who is presented to us with a holy mission as a comic Christ.

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FIKSIONI LETRAR NË DRAMËN “KATËR EPOLETAT” – H. MULLIQI

Author(s): Seadet Beqiri / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

In the early ’60s the truthful distinction between literary fiction and fiction as a genre was considered as a necessity for authors, literary critics and readers. The literary fiction plot dives into deeper psychological emotions, in contrary fiction itself is believed to have a purely entertaining purpose. Dramatic situations filled with fictional moments, as well as set forth from the reality of the characters, using fantasy, are basic elements of these creations. In literary works the little fictive world of the character undergoes a clash between these two elements, new views and understanding of reality come to surface. When compared to other genres, literary fiction’s more demanding nature conveys an approach towards the more intellectual and elite level. Some of the well know authors to have tackled such elements of this genre are: George Orwell with his dystopian novel “1984”, Scott Fitzgerald with “Great Gatsby” and Cervantes with “Don Quixote”. Often set in imaginary worlds and settings, the elements of fiction are almost as true as the reality itself. Drama “Katër Epoletat” by Mulliqi demonstrates that pure fiction coming from the author’s imagination, can in fact mirror and describe a reality of some other time and place. The drama “Katër Epoletat” written in 1993 can be considered as a prequel of the events that followed in 1999.

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FIKSIONI SI MJET I KUPTIMIT TË REALITETIT TRANSCEDENTAL NË POEZINË E NEZIM FRAKULLAS

Author(s): Abdullah Rexhepi / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

In this article, I tempt to treat fiction as a tool for expressing the transcendental experiences in the mystical literature and the poetry of Nezim Frakulla as the main successor of this school in the Albanian literature. For mystics, conventional language is not enough to express transcendental experiences, therefore some of them ëere often forced to break the language codifications and therefore they became an object to persecutions and physical eliminations. But most of them, known as poets mystics or mystical poets, in order to narrate their transcendental reality used fictional genres. Therefore, through breaking the lingual conventionality and fictional genres, they achieved to create a rich and influenced literature. The most worthy representative of the Islamic mystical literature, Nezim Frakulla, in many places in his poetry collection in the Albanian language, expresses his statements on the poetry and on what he wants to narrate to the reader with his poetic creativity. In this script, firstly we will discuss the poetry and the role of language and fiction in the Islamic mystical tradition, and later we will analyze Nazim's ideas on poetry and its purpose.

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FIKSIONI VS. FAKTIT NË VEPRËN EPIKA E YJEVE TË MËNGJESIT, TË RUDI EREBARËS*

Author(s): Lili Sula / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

Regardless of providing a significance which derives from the personal, social, historic, religious and ideological “fact”, of the superiority of human freedom against dictatorship, the various plans of narration aim at creating a “poetic” of “the intermediary mood”, as the author himself has defined it, by openly challenging the cult of correspondence between the fact and literature in socio-realism. In the novel Epika e yjeve të mëngjesit R. Erebara brings sketches and pieces of a frightening tableau of the personal and collective fate in the dictatorship period, which are artistically erected as a memorial of our fresh national memory

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Filologjia e teksteve shqipe dhe zhvillimi i saj deri në ditët tona: vështrim i përgjithshëm

Author(s): Anila Omari / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2016

The article presents an overview of the current state of Albanian textual philology, with a focus on older Albanian texts (XVI-XVIII centuries). In the first part of the article, after briefly explaining the denotations of the term philology in Albanian linguistics, the study takes a historical look at the beginnings of Albanian philology with the discovery of the first book written in Albanian, Gjon Buzuku’s Missale (1555), by archbishop Gjon Nikollë Kazazi (1743). A contemplation of the publishing activity of old texts in the years '30-'40 is then presented, followed by later work in the '50s, ending with the rich publishing activity of recent years in the field of textual philology of Albanian texts. In the second part of the article, the author focuses on the implementation of scientific philological methods in recent critical editions, which are created according to the principles of modern philology and the ecdotic method, implemented by the Albanian linguist Eqrem Çabej in his critical edition of Buzuku’s Missale.

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Fluturim kah "Maja ma e naltë" - Martin Camaj, Topika religjioze

Author(s): Viola Isufaj / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 37/2018

In the poetical work of Martin Camajt, man faces a moral dialect and needs to either rise above physical nature or sink under it into sin. Lighting comes through a painstaking path, full of inner-war pains to flying to the uppermost tip. ("A lot of knowledge, a lot of effort, more knowledge, just as much pain"). Man and land; man and the enemy; man and war; man and creation; man and nature; man and rebirth; man and wisdom; man and fate, man and serpent, light and darkness, creation and re-creation, pastoral images and sequences, images of the working world (and urban images that suggest a transformed human nature) - have their gravitation centers in the New Testament and Old and constitute an aspect of biblical typology that appears in the poetic cycles of Martin Camaj.These, along with: law, wisdom, prophecy, prudent advice, proverb, parabola, man's fall, sexual sin, fog of metaphors, love (against hate) will receive special attention in this paper.The Man Camaj broke the vulgar, unworthy vulgarity; he overcame the common, spontaneous, immediate, and repentant response to evil and conquered the highest morale: You have thrust me into your line. Although we have been split for half a century, I am yours and you are mine. We will see how the poet Camaj relies exactly on this transformational right to the root, which is forgotten (From the hatred of hate i want to come out as a plant in the spring). Finally, we will dwell on a very specific aspect of the Camayan religious topic: the very special melos and the tranquility of Buzuk's psalms, through which broad and profound visions are conveyed and revealed.

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