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Как да компенсираме загубата на красивото?Непознати сравнения от историята на европейския натурализъм

Author(s): Roumiana L. Stantcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

This article examines Southeast-European stories and novels, where for the first time a rejection of the Beautiful in favour of scientific perception can be observed: "Dimo the Orderly" by Gheorghi P. Stamatov (1869-1942), "Parasites" by Barbu Delavrancea (1858-1918), "Rich and Poor" by Grigorios Xenopoulos (1867-1951) are compared with Emile Zola’s (1840-1902) "Nana". These similar themes and topics (the class division of society, the interest in the poor, heredity, pathology, symbolized by money, illness, and death) provide arguments in order to emphasize the existence of a common "system of European values" in a much broader perimeter than that of Western literatures.Thanks to the ideas of literary Naturalism, the materialistic view of life, scientifically legitimized during the Nineteenth century, obtained the credibility to be seen as a literary value. From a literary perspective, we are faced with an objective position of the narrator, adopted by writers (at the expense of the Beautiful, considered until that point as an intrinsic aesthetic value and essential to the art).This article applied the Triangular Pattern, introduced by the author, which implies a constant referring to the phenomena, common to European literatures and does not recommend that scholars remain incarcerated within the study of parallels between Southeаst-European literatures.

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Rodzaje wiatru występujące w opisie plagi szarańczy (Wj 10,13.19)

Author(s): Hanna Walentyna Górska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 2/2020

Przedmiotem artykułu są dwa rodzaje wiatru występujące w opisie plagi szarańczy: wiatr wschodni oraz zachodni, oraz wpływ tych zjawisk meteorologicznych na rozumienie tekstu Wj 10,13.19. Tekst przedstawia cechy charakterystyczne wiatru wschodniego i zachodniego na terenie Palestyny i Egiptu, czyli miejsc, w którym zostały osadzone wydarzenia. Ponadto zostały przedstawione różnice występujące między tekstem hebrajskim i Septuagintą, Vulgatą oraz tłumaczeniem polskim.

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Paschalna wiara apostoła Tomasza (J 20,24-29)

Author(s): Łukasz Florczyk / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 2/2020

Ewangelista Jan zaprezentował w swoim dziele różne wymiary wiary w zmartwychwstałego Jezusa. Umiłowany uczeń uwierzył po zobaczeniu pustego grobu, w którym pozostały tylko płótna i chusta (J 20,8). Maria Magdalena uwierzyła po tym, jak przemówił do niej uwielbiony Chrystus, którego wcześniej pomyliła z ogrodnikiem (J 20,14-16). Uczniowie uwierzyli wówczas, gdy ujrzeli swego zmartwychwstałego Mistrza i Jego rany (J 20,20). Tomasz wyzbył się swych wątpliwości i uwierzył pod wpływem spotkania z Jezusem, który pozwolił mu nie tylko oglądać, lecz również dotknąć swych rąk i boku (J 20,24-28). Wreszcie są też i tacy, którzy nie widzieli Jezusa i Jego spektakularnych znaków, a jednak w Niego uwierzyli (J 20,29). Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje szczegółową analizę perykopy J 20,24-29, w której jest mowa o spotkaniu zmartwychwstałego Chrystusa z Tomaszem. Był to przełomowy moment w życiu apostoła, który wiązał się z dwoma rodzajami przejścia: od wątpliwości do wiary dojrzałej oraz od warunków stawianych Jezusowi do mocnego wyznania wiary: „Pan mój i Bóg mój!”.

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YAŞAR KEMAL VE DİDO SOTİRİYU ROMANLARINDA BELLEK UĞRAŞI OLARAK TÜRK- YUNAN NÜFUS MÜBADELESİ

Author(s): Christina ZENGİNOĞLU,Nihayet Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 34/2021

The remnants of the war, massacre and exile have tried to testify by various means. Traumatic past and negative memories have inspired artistic and intellectual works. Knowing the pain and losses experienced in different parts of the world required being in the field, keeping records and collecting oral narratives. While the transfer of what happened is possible trough various means from diary to autobiography, the issue of not being forgotten is on the agenda. Testimonies and memories of war victims, fugitives, prisoners and immigrants have been reference sources in the process. In this study, we will argue that novels can serve as reminder tools of a lost period or forgotten events by promoting their social circulation. The fictional intersection and memory transfers of two Anatolian-born writers has allowed us to analyze the reciprocal socio-cultural spasms caused by the Turkish-Greek Population Exchange (1924). The text analyzes the aspects and ways in which population exchange- which is a forced migration and thus stands apart from other types- is brought back in novels as well as its effects on social recall. Besides Yaşar Kemal's quartet titled Bir Ada Hikâyesi and Dido Sotiriyu's İ Nekri Perimenun and Matomena Homata, which are matched with purposeful sampling here, we can study an autobiography that has not been mentioned in any academic media or publications until now. It should be noted that it is complementary. Manolis Aksiotis, who is a real person, and his testimony have allowed us to address many issues from using testimony in fiction to showing witnesses in the novel, allowing us to see that a cognitive record may not distort the original event even when it transforms a fictional record.

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A CHAOTIC TOURS OF THE ‘HALLS’ OF THE LOGOI OF THE HERODOTUS ‘MUSES’: REVIEW OF THE ENGLISH HISTORIOGRAPHY ON THE ‘FATHER OF HISTORY’ AND HIS WORK IN THE NEW GUIDE-BOOK

Author(s): Aleksandr Sinitsyn,Igor Surikov / Language(s): English Issue: 66/2020

Review of: Aleksandr Sinitsyn, Igor Surikov - Sean Sheehan. A Guide to Reading Herodotus’ Histories. London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. XIV, 316 p. ISBN 9781474292665

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Женщина на балу. «Анна на шее» А. П. Чехова и «Психология супруга с Сироса» Эммануила Роидиса: попытка сопоставления

Author(s): Fatima Eloeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

The paper presents the first attempt to compare two short stories – Anna on the Neck by Anton Chekhov and a well-known short story by the Greek author Emmanuel Roidis Psychology of a Husband from Syros. Both texts were published at the same time (in 1895) and are considered to be masterpieces. The initial motivation for such textual analysis became almost a complete coincidence between the plots of the two stories. A series of telling coincidences and contradictions observed between the analyzed stories require some kind of explanation which will allow us to view both texts from the different angle. The paper aims to determine the correlation between the writers’ biographies and the personality traits with the characteristics of the protagonists and the style of story telling.

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Metrical and morphological observations on the use of ἔθηκε(ν) and θῆκε(ν) in the Iliad

Author(s): Filip De Decker / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In this article, I analyze the use and absence of the augment in the 3rd singular forms ἔθηκε(ν) and θῆκε(ν) in the Iliad and try to determine the value of the transmitted forms. In doing so I first analyze the forms by checking permitted elisions and by applying metrical laws, bridges and caesurae. The forms that can be analyzed by those criteria are of type A (metrically secure). I then proceed to the forms whose value cannot be established by these metrical criteria and check if an “internal reconstruction” can solve the issue. The method I use is based on Barrett’s metrical and morphological analyses of the augment in Euripides and Taida’s analyses on the augment in the Homeric Hymns. This method analyzes the metrically insecure forms by looking at their position in the verse, the passages in which they appear, and by comparing them to the metrically secure forms in the same paradigm. The forms that can be analyzed by this method are catalogued type B; the forms that cannot are of type C. The forms of type A and type B will be the basis for subsequent syntactic and semantic analyses of the augment use in these forms in the Iliad (elsewhere in this journal).

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Заглавие как проблема исторической поэтики

Author(s): Mikhail V. Stroganov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

An analysis of the works devoted to the poetics of the title demonstrates that although the majority of facts are presented correctly, the lack of a systematic approach and the required historical perspective makes the explanation of their origin completely unsatisfactory. It actualizes the need to review all the discovered facts in the history of the title as a form of the author’s reflection on the text framework in the context of historical poetics. Periodization of historical poetics in the terminology proposed by S. S. Averintsev demonstrates that the title is absent in the period of pre-reflexive traditionalism and appears only when moving to the next period, namely, reflexive traditionalism. The most archaic titles include the widely understood genre and theme of the text. Later, the title transforms into merely a name; common titles with predication occur sporadically. During the Renaissance, the title may have acquired a conditional character (numerical name), and the identification of the text was carried out through the development of the predicative part, which annotated the text and was sometimes of a promotional nature. The title in its modern form emerges during the transition from reflexive traditionalism to the anti-traditionalist tendencies of the bourgeois era. In the 19th century, the abstract becomes an independent genre and breaks away from the title, while the author, who was initially in the last position, subsequently moved to the first in the title complex (book name, genre, author).

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Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and Menelaos Shaping the Significance of Electra Myth: A Dialogue Between Arts

Author(s): Tatiana Golban,Atanas Karaçoban / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2021

The present study focuses on the tragic heroine, Electra, who rose to prominence in the Athenian dramas of the fifth-century BC, particularly in Aeschylus’s Choephori, Sophocles’s Electra and Euripides’s Electra, but this enigmatic figure continued to stir the imagination of the artists of the subsequent generations to the extent of making its presence memorable not only in literary texts but also in visual arts and music. This paper attempts to reveal the ways in which Electra myth has delighted and inspired various artists by stressing out the peculiarities of this myth that never seems to go out of fashion. It can also be observed that Electra’s figure, even sculpted in marble severity, continues to arouse both pity and admiration in her quest and demand for justice as well as her attempts to re-establish the religious, moral and societal values.

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Potrzeba tłumacza

Author(s): Barbara Bibik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Among the great number of translations by Jan Kasprowicz we find those of all tragedies by Aeschylus. Kasprowicz was fascinated and inspired by this playwright since he was a schoolboy. He also considered Aeschylus an artistic soulmate. This paper is devoted to the beginning of the second part of Aeschylus’s Oresteia, manuscripts of which have been damaged. Only 21 verses have been reconstructed from the original. However, in Kasprowicz’s translation, the beginning takes 46 verses.

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The Odysseus Motive in the Selected Works of the Slovene Poet Peter Semolič

Author(s): Urša Prša / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

Classical mythology which is found in diverse kinds of art, particularly in fine art, sculpture, music, dance, theatre and literature, has inspired the European space for centuries. Here it is interpreted and transformed in different ways. Motifs of the antiquity have influenced and inspired Slovene literature, which accepted, rejected, or moulded them according to its current stage of development. Special attention will be paid to the time from the Romantic period on, when the characters of antiquity did not serve only the aesthetic purpose but also became metaphors of modern subjectivity. Odysseus motif appears most often on lyrics of the 20th century. The Odysseus motif can be denoted as a world literary phenomenon, as there is a wide array of literary works where this character appears in different forms and interpretations. He usually has different connotations which are mostly related to his character and his adventurous nature. He can be a cunning, intelligent person, a lover, a big patriot, an eternal traveler, etc. The main purpose of the paper is the observation of Odysseus' character. We wonder whether Odysseus is really the character from Homer's poem The Odyssey, or the motif occurs only as an allegory or a metaphor. Further on, an important question occurs in regard to the purpose with which the author uses this character, what his role is, how the author interprets the character, and whether there is an eventual transformation to be found. The selected representative Slovene poet is Peter Semolič, who also depicted the Odysseus motif in his poems. He is placed amongst modern poets and this paper shows how the Odysseus motif is represented and transformed, because Semolič is a rather unknown author at this point of view.

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Erläuterungen zur Habsucht (aneleutheria, illiberalitas) als Laster in Aristotelis de virtutibus libellus von Franz Tidicaeus

Author(s): Tomasz Dreikopel / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this study is to present the reflections on greed as a moral flaw, which were included in the Aristotelis de virtutibus libellus of Franciscus Tidicaeus, then professor of the Academic Gymnasium in Toruń, published in 1609 in Leipzig. The work of the Toruń KA124scholar contains an insightful and erudite exegesis of the essay On Virtues and Vices, preserved under the name of Aristotle. A comparison of the part of commentary we are interested in with the material contained in Aristotle’s three ethical treatises leaves no doubt that Tidicaeus’ remarks on this flaw reflect the moral teaching of his predecessor, constituting the starting point and at the same time the main goal of his arguments.

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Phonetic and lexico-morphological particularities of Homeric poems in Turkish versions

Author(s): Icbal Anefi / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2022

The following pages are a sample of possible directions for analysing translations from an ancient and very special language – the Homeric Greek – into a modern language. Even if the two languages are genealogically and typologically related, any translation, naturally, is a challenge in terms of mentality and the linguistic approach. When differences imposed by the genealogical and structural-typological criterion interfere between the two languages brought into cultural contact, the difficulties in rendering the original text increase very much. However, the new versions may be very well done, because, as it is known, any natural language has compensating virtues for rendering particularities in the source language. The corpus of texts selected for our little excursion into the diachrony of Turkish translations from theIliad and the Odyssey has been extracted from the most representative Turkish version, “Erhat-Kadir”. In order to render the texts in Romanian, we have used the best-known version in this cultural-linguistic area, the “Murnu version”.

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Particularități fonetice și lexico-morfologice ale poemelor homerice în versiuni turcești

Author(s): Icbal Anefi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 15/2022

Paginile de mai jos reprezintă o mostră de posibile direcții de analiză a unor traduceri dintr-o limbă veche și cu totul specială – limba greacă homerică – într-o limbă modernă. Evident, orice traducere, chiar dacă ar fi vorba despre două limbi înrudite genealogic și tipologic, constituie o provocare, din punctul de vedere al abordării mentalitare și lingvistice. Cînd între cele două limbi puse în contact cultural se mai interpun și diferențele impuse de criteriul genealogic și structural-tipologic, dificultățile de redare a textului original cresc foarte mult. Cu toate acestea, versiunile nou realizate pot fi foarte reușite, pentru că, așa cum se știe, orice limbă naturală dispune de virtuți compensatorii pentru redarea particularităților din limba-bază. Corpusul de texte selectat pentru mica noastră incursiune în diacronia traducerilor turcești din Iliada și Odiseea a fost extras din cea mai reprezentativă versiune turcească, aceea numită „Erhat-Kadir”, iar pentru reflectarea în română a textelor respective am utilizat versiunea cea mai cunoscută din respectivul spațiu cultural-lingvistic, „versiunea Murnu”.

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ამაზასპოსის ეპიტაფია

Author(s): Ekaterine Kobakhidze,Natia Phiphia / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 8/2022

The Epitaph of Amazaspos found in Rome is extremely valuable evidence for the study of Georgian History. Several scholarly articles were dedicated to it, however, some aspects still remain unidentified. First of all, the context of the inscription is interesting – when was it created– whether in the first century or not, and therefore is it connected to the activity of Trajan’s father in the East or to Trajan's Parthian campaign, in which Iberians supported him? There is also an opinion that the context of the inscription should be the reign of Antonius Pius and, subsequently, supporters of this idea believe that the only function this inscription had was to demonstrate Roman-Iberian contacts to Pharasmanes the Valiant, who was visiting Rome during Antoninus Pius’s reign. The analysis of the details of the inscription gives us the possibility to discuss the context, identify the era in which it was created and our report will try to deal with this issue. The answers to these questions should be found after analyzing Roman history, Iberian-Roman relations and their dynamics, also after finding some possible links and connections of the time. Several inscriptions found on the territory of Iberia are interesting from this point of view – Queen Ulpia's inscription is among them. Ulpia had a female version of Emperor Trajan's name - Ulpius, which points to the contacts between Iberians and Rome during Trajan's reign. Narrative sources also indicate that not only Iberia, but also another kingdom inhabited by Kartvelian tribes supported Trajan's during his Parthan expedition - kingdom of the Macheloni and Heniochi. Our paper will try to solve these complicated issues and we will present our opinion about it.

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Attempts at reconciliation in Aristaenetus' "Erotic letters"

Author(s): Sabira Hajdarević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Even though scholars are yet to agree on the authorship of the epistolary collection Erotic Letters, it is usually ascribed to Aristaenetus and it was probably written in the 6th century AD. The letters of the collection mostly depict extramarital affairs (with hetairai, slaves or married women), often accompanied by conflicts fuelled by (sometimes justified) jealousy or either partner’s lack of interest because there are better options: e.g. a hetaira gets a richer client, a client is seduced by a younger or better-looking girl, etc. Therefore, most reconciliation efforts in the Letters are in fact the lovers’ attempts to either get back together and improve their relationships or to end them in a civilised manner or otherwise. The focus of the research is on the analysis of the protagonists’ reconciliation strategies and methods (such as verbal persuasion, lying, causing sympathy, projecting guilt onto somebody else, letter-writing, the use of male or female mediators, etc.) and their effectiveness. The final goals are: to point out the most common reconciliation methods employed, to investigate whether or not the men and women use similar methods, to check which gender is more likely to choose indirect reconciliation methods, such as the use of mediators or writing and sending letters, and to examine which gender is generally more successful at reconciliation (as well as to explain why that is so). Additionally, the author’s depictions of reconciliation and his use of reconciliation as a narrative tool are put into a wider context through a comparison with other epistolary collections of this type, the originality of these depictions is scrutinised and probable models (within and outside of the subgenre) are proposed.

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Oedipus’ Freudian slips: language, kinship and tyranny

Author(s): JANEK KUCHARSKI / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper deals with the linguistic aspect of tragic irony in the Oedipus Rex. It begins with the observation that several ambiguous expressions in the play telegraph their double meaning through various kinds of linguistic slips. It is argued that these slips occur on three distinct levels: semantics, syntax and pragmatics. There follows an analysis of several examples under each of these three headings. The paper concludes with the observation that when it comes to the question of Oedipus’ familial relationships and the legitimacy of his rule in Thebes, language itself fails the hero and defies his attempts at controlling it.

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Ahmet Gazioğlu ve Andreas Onoufriou’nun Romanlarında “Öteki” İmajları: Kıbrıs, Milliyetçilik ve Savaş

Author(s): ŞevkI Kıralp / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 116/2023

This paper examines the images of “others” in Turkish Cypriot author Ahmet Gazioğlu’s novel War and Love in Cyprus and Greek Cypriot author Andreas Onoufriou’s novel The Native Land in a comparative perspective. Both novels focus on the war in 1974 that constituted a significant threshold for the two communities. Both novels comprise nationalist narratives. While for Gazioğlu, Greeks (particularly the coup makers) and Greek Cypriots are the “others”, for Onoufriou the “others” are Türkiye, Greek Junta, USA, UK and Greek Cypriot terrorist organizations. Onoufriou characterizes Turkish Cypriots as a friendly group constituting a part of the “people” yet emphasizes that they are a “minority”. In Gazioğlu’s novel, for Turkish Cypriots the trustworthy actor is Türkiye and Greek Cypriots are identified with the suppression that made Turkish Cypriots suffer. In the literature, there is a growing trend to analyze novels based on the image of the “other” they present. Nevertheless, the number of studies comparatively analyzing the “others” in Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot novels is not yet satisfactory. This paper aims to fill this gap. This paper utilizes documentary analysis as its main research method. It follows a qualitative, descriptive and comparative methodology.

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От епос към етос с Хезиод: между митологията и моралистиката

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От епос към етос с Хезиод: между митологията и моралистиката

Author(s): Sylvia Mineva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The purpose of the article is to present the role and significance of Hesiod's poetry for the formation and development of the moral canon and the moral-philosophical thought of ancient Greece. For this purpose, the text traces and analyzes various biographical information, comments and evaluations about Hesiod's life and work. Special attention is given to the uses and meanings of the world ethos by Homer and Hesiod and their evolution under the influence of Hesiod's moral maxims (gnomes) in „Works and Days “. The main conclusion is that Hesiod's individualized, systematic and rational reading of archaic myths played a decisive role in the transition from myth to logos and the formation of the moral-philosophical views of ancient Greece about the happy life, the good person and the ideal state.

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Dialog Jana Kasprowicza z tragikami greckimi

Author(s): Barbara Bibik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2023

Jan Kasprowicz was one of the most prominent authors at the turn of the 20th century. He was also a very eager translator. All scholars agree that, above all, he was interested in works of those authors who expressed ideas similar to those he himself believed. In my paper I would like to take a closer look at two works by Kasprowicz, Baśń nocy świętojańskiej and Uczta Herodjady, and discuss whether the Oresteia by Aeschylus, which Kasprowicz translated at the time, influenced those works.

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