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Kobiecy dyskurs podróżniczy na przykładzie "Mojej wyprawy na Pamiry w roku 1929" Jadwigi Toeplitz-Mrozowskiej

Author(s): Agata Zawiszewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article proposes a critical reading of the report from a journey to Russia by Jadwiga Toeplitz-Mrozowska "La Prima spedizione italiana attraverso i Pamiri 1929" (Società Georgafica Italiana: Roma 1930). The tools used to the analysis and interpretation of the text come from the instruments of gender and postcolonial studies. By means of them, the entanglement of the emancipation discourse into a patriarchal colonial discourse was presented, reflected in three areas of narration: the status of an emancipated European woman as an imperialist, a picture of a “Russian woman” as a “loner”, identification of the criteria of emancipation with the West-European civilization mission in the USSR.

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Podwórkowa powieść polityczna – "Wióry" Krystyny Kofty

Author(s): Arleta Galant / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the article discusses "Wióry", a novel by Krystyna Kofta, published in 1980. The most important interpretation motives concerning the work written by a Polish female writer are connected with the issues related to a political narration and ideology of the space that is organized by the worlds of child and adult characters. A backyard in Poznań – the place of action – was perceived here as a specific (both a private and public) conventional sphere being a reflection of complicated social relations of the Stalin era.

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Zmaganie z „syndromem wygnania”. O "Unsere" Jana Darowskiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Nęcka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article reminds us of Jan Darowski, a writer almost unknown in Poland until recently. The author pays special attention to his autobiographic novel entitled "Unsere", that was published as late as in 2012 and constitutes a unique record of an experience of a war man who grew up in Silesia on the Polish-German borderline, was conscripted to Wehrmacht during war, and, subsequently, escaped to the ally army in order to fight with Germans. Writings having an auto-therapeutic overtone allowed him to search himself and his place in the world. A battle with the “syndrome of exile” was connected with the need to give evidence on the past and people who created it. The past, influencing the present made “I” from the past overlap with “I” from the present. As a result, the character from "Unsere" is a hostage of his own memories. Searching himself is also the need to be a part of the group. Thanks to it, what is personal and individual permeated and supplemented what is collective. What is deposited remained in a privatememory was connected with what was located in the culture, giving fundaments of his own identity.

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„Ku pożytecznej a bogatej może w treść [rodaków] zabawie” – wielojęzyczność w „Dziesięcioletniej podróży po Wschodzie” Ignacego Pietraszewskiego

Author(s): Jolanta Klimek-Grądzka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the use of foreign words in „Dziesięcioletnia podróż po Wschodzie” [„The Ten‑Year Journey to the East”], a travel writing account by the 19th century Orientalist and diplomat Ignacy Pietraszewski. The analysis of the saturation of the text with foreign words, particularly of Turkish origin, the methods of their implementation in the text and translation to Polish, as well as the thematic areas to which the words belong allow to reach two conclusions. First, it could be possible to treat the introduction of barbarisms as a way to introduce precision, one of the genre characteristics of travel writing. Second, it would be possible to see them as an enrichment of the primary, according to Pietraszewski, didactic function.

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Czego możemy się dowiedzieć o języku mieszkańców Czarnego Lądu na podstawie „Listów z Afryki” Henryka Sienkiewicza?

Author(s): Danuta Kowalska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the image of African languages presented in „Listy z Afryki” [„Letters from Africa”] by Henryk Sienkiewicz and to analyze the language consciousness of the writer in the context of historical and comparative linguistics, which experienced a period of rapid development at the end of the 19th century. „Letters from Africa” abound in meta‑linguistic digressions regarding the roots of Swahili, language migration, mutual linguistic influences and the resulting appearance of loan words. Moreover, the book includes commentary on the topic of genealogical relationships of languages, the proto‑language and language families. Sienkiewicz, according to the commonplace 19th century beliefs regarding language, understood that language reflects the culture of a particular nation and constitutes the distinguishing element which characterizes different ethnic groups according to their nationality and occupied territory. His attention to detail and dedication to realism, then, necessitates the introduction of various foreign proper names and other words, characteristic phrases or sayings, meant to familiarize the Polish reader with the realities of Africa.

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Językowe sposoby opisywania (przybliżania) obcej rzeczywistości w „Listach z podróży do Ameryki” Henryka Sienkiewicza

Author(s): Magdalena Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

“Listy z podróży do Ameryki” [„Letters from the Journey to America”] by Henryk Sienkiewicz constitute an example of a travelogue — popular 19th century literary form — which significantly contributed to the development of the genre. The aim of the article is to analyze the tendencies in descriptions of the American reality, foreign to the average reader of „Letters”. In the course of functional and genre analysis, the author has been able to determine that „Letters” are more concerned with the aesthetic factor than the information factor, characteristic of practical genres. This aestheticization can be seen predominantly in the use of the elements of the literary style (metaphors, sensory detail, epithets, similes).

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Deskrypcje egzotyki krajów Wschodu w korespondencji prywatnej Sienkiewicza

Author(s): Leonarda Mariak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyzes eleven letters addressed to Sienkiewicz’s sister‑in‑law, Jadwiga Janczewska nee Szetkiewicz, documenting his Eastern voyages. On the basis of the analysis of their contents as well as their lexical makeup, the author presents the writer’s attitude towards the Eastern realities. In his descriptions, Sienkiewicz pays particular attention to the architecture as well as the appearance of the inhabitants of that part of the world. The value judgments evident in his correspondence paint him as an Occidentalist, fascinated by the culture of the West and strongly negating the value and beauty of the culture of the East.

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„Życie podróżą jest…” – o wędrówce idei (na podstawie nieznanych, prywatnych, oryginalnych listów Jerzego Szaniawskiego z lat 1965–1970)

Author(s): Barbara Kudra / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyzes hiterto unknown, unpublished letters by Jerzy Szaniawski (overall 19 letters dated 1965–1970) addressed to Hans Gernot Herrmann, a German Slavic languages expert who spoke Polish. The letters reveal a private character, and they were written by Szaniawski himself, as well as (with his knowledge and permission) his wife, Wanda Anita Szaniawska, a particularly eccentric individual. The majority of the letters is concerned with the search for one Ernest Wirrwa, who espoused the ideals of “making the homeless happy,” an idea which the Szaniawski couple wanted to propagate in Poland. The author analyzes the letters in the context of the concept of neo‑sentimentalism and the so‑called roaming of ideals.

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Wpływ sytuacji komunikacyjnej na kształt dialogu w „Rozmowach podręcznych dla podróżujących do Londynu Polaków nieumiejących zupełnie języka angielskiego” (1857) Franciszka Kuszla

Author(s): Irmina Kotlarska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article introduces into the study of linguistics („Rozmowy podręczne dla podróżujących do Londynu Polaków nieumiejących zupełnie języka angielskiego” [„A Phrasebook for the Polish Traveling to London Who Do Not Know English”] (1857) by Franciszek Kuszel – first handbook of English written for the speakers of Polish consisting exclusively of dialogues meant to imitate real‑life interactions. The aim of the analysis has been to showcase how the elements of the communicative situation in which the intended audience for the handbook found themselves influenced the form of the dialogues included in the book, on the formal and stylistic levels. The conducted analysis has proven that the contents and form of the dialogues was influenced not only by the aim of improving the communicative competence of the readers, but also the desire to familiarize them with the realities of 19th century London.

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Konwencjonalne i niestandardowe elementy przewodnika „Warszawa kobiet” Sylwii Chutnik – perspektywa genologiczna

Author(s): Magdalena Hawrysz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to provide genre characteristic of the subgenre of a guidebook called a city walkbook. The study is based on the example of a book by Sylwia Chutnik, „Warszawa kobiet” [„The Warsaw of Women”]. The conducted analysis has shown that in each of the aspects – structural, pragmatic, epistemic, stylistic – the guidebook, apart from the typical elements, includes also several nonstandard elements. Their presence within the book is motivated by a pragmatic factor, i.e. a communicative intention which consists in reclaiming the space of women in social consciousness.

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Genologiczne uwarunkowania szkolnego dyskursu kronikarskiego. Rekonesans

Author(s): Izabela Kaczmarzyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Unique copies of school chronicles consist a valuable part of local documentation heritage. In many cases, their significance becomes even more pronounced, given that – contrary to many historical documents – a lot of them survived the times of unrest. A school chronicle regarded as a text of culture belongs, in its material aspect, to the group of the so‑called remembering objects, and in its nonmaterial aspect, it sheds new light on the process of uncovering and interpreting or reinterpreting of the cultural past. From this perspective, school chronicles allow not only to construct a timeline of the local history, but also constitute one of the foundational elements of public discourse. As a historical source, school chronicles remain rather underutilized. Such chronicles, once upon a time, existed in all educational facilities, as they constituted an important document. Contemporarily, the presence of such chronicles in schools is more of a tradition, since chronicles ceased to perform their reporting and evaluating functions, and transformed into a kind of occasional writing.

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Kazania Peregryna z Opola w świetle procesu świdnickich beginek z 1332 roku

Author(s): Marcin Kiełbus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to direct the attention of the public to the heretofore neglected relationship between the popular volume of the sermons of Peregryn of Opole and the bourgeoning anti‑heretical discourse of the turn of the 13th century, in which the Dominican Order remained deeply involved. The article focuses on the figure of the author mainly in the context of the activity of the Inquisition, but also in the context of the secular reforms of the Fourth Council of the Lateran, which adopted a polemic stance with regard to insubordinate devotion.

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„Metamorfozy” Owidiusza w przekładzie Stanisława Schneidra

Author(s): Dariusz Rott / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the figure of an esteemed classical philologist, historian of literature, translator and teacher at the secondary schools in Przemyśl and Lvov, Stanisław Schneider (1858–1917). His translatorial debut consisted of “excerpts from ancient poets.” He translated Homer, Horace, Ovid and Vergil. The collected works were then published in „The Report of the Headmaster of the Imperial‑Royal Secondary School in Przemyśl for the School Year 1888”. It was the third full translation of Ovid’s „Metamorphoses” into Polish (after the 17th‑century translations by Jakub Żebrowski and Walerian Otwinowski). Moreover, the article contains excerpts from Schneider’s translation of Ovid’s „Metamorphoses”.

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On limitless diversity of functional types of utterance

Author(s): Andrzej Bogusławski / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

The author adopts the concept of “functional type of utterance” where the relevant set is based on features other than coincidental co-occurrence of utterances (as, e.g., used by someone at a certain time) or their including a specified expression (specified expressions). The concept subsumes traditional kinds of utterance such as declaratives vs. hypothetical statements, questions, promises, etc., but also, e.g., utterances where vocatives addressed to the recipient(s) are used with varying frequency (which gives rise to the corresponding subtypes of utterance). It is claimed that the existence of a closed and at the same time objectively exhaustive list of functional types of utterance depends on two alternative necessary conditions which are not and will never be satisfied. One of the conditions has a formal or mathematical character. It amounts to the presence of some contradiction in the conjunction of the following constituents: (i) the claim of non-existence of such an exhaustive objective list of types, (ii) any element of knowledge. The other necessary condition belongs to the domain of nomological/natural sciences. It would consist in our knowledge of organisms and their factual (albeit contingent) constraint which necessitates production of a finite number of functional types of utterance, on the pattern of what is proper to apprehension of sounds by creatures belonging to different species, e.g., humans or bats (as limited to a certain, varying, frequency of oscillation in the air environment). The author submits a formalized schema of the reasoning where a hierarchy of functional types and subtypes of different degrees is assumed.

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Допереводческий анализ и перевод стихотворения Марины Цветаевой «Я пришла к тебе черной полночью…»

Author(s): Anna Bednarczyk / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents a pre-translation analysis of Marina Tsvetaeva’s poem “Ya prishla k tebe chornoy polnochyu…” and the following translation of this poem. The analysis is conducted stage by stage, which makes it possible to discuss in detail the difficulties presented by the relevant activities, and to identify possible translation dominants, as well as to indicate well-advised translation solutions. The discussion shows the usefulness of pre-translation analysis not only for the translation it precedes, but also for teaching of future translators.

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The stylistic construction of verbal imagery in poetry: shooting distance and resolution in Wilfred Owen, Marianne Moore and Philip Larkin

Author(s): Davide Castiglione / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

The notion of imagery is central to literary criticism as it underpins some of the most palpable experiences we have when reading fictional literary texts, prose and verse alike. Yet, its practical use is fraught with impressionism as the verbal image appears based on a relativist ontology that varies with readerly differences, both intrinsic and strategic (e.g. one may have a more visual or a more auditory memory, or give emphasis to more abstract, propositional aspects of a text). As a consequence of this, the verbal image also appears substantially independent from linguistic forms, which makes it problematic for stylistic analysis. This paper addresses and undermines the latter assumption and, in doing so, sets out the basis for a stylistic model of verbal imagery. My approach is twofold: on the one hand, I identify a “nuclear” image on the basis of semantic and syntactic criteria – this I call the image-frame as opposed to more extensive realizations (i.e. image-complexes) or dynamic ones (i.e. image-scenes); on the other, I attempt to map semantico-grammatical variables onto perceptual eff ects, focusing on shooting distance and image resolution. In doing so, I draw inspiration from the complementary attempt of Kress and van Leeuwen, who in “Reading Images: the Grammar of Visual Design” (2006 (1996)) propose an array of correspondences between visual strategies and grammatical structures. All the verbal images presented and discussed in this article come from Wilfred Owen, Marianne Moore and Philip Larkin: three poets who have effectively exploited the potential of realist mimesis (i.e. a faithful reproduction of external reality) within a twentieth century aesthetics.

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The grounding function of tense/aspect morphology in lyric poetry: Analysis of Osip Mandelstam’s poems “The wind brought us solace…” and “This night, no lies...”

Author(s): Józefina Piątkowska-Brzezińska / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

Over the last decades, serious research has been done on the correlation between tense and aspect choice and the level of information saliency in narrative discourse (Chvany1985; Ehrlich 1990; Fleischman 1990; Givón 1987; Hopper and Thomspon 1980). The novelty of our approach lies in the application of ideas developed within narrative analysis to information grounding in lyric poetry. The aim of this article is to show how tense-aspect morphology could be used for discourse-pragmatic purpose of structuring the lyric text. In the poems discussed, switching from the PFV past to the IPFV present is essential for shifting between foreground and background information.

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Перформативная стратегия баллады в лирике Тютчева

Author(s): Walerij Tiupa / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper proposes an invariant approach to the study of lyrical genres. Lyrical poem is viewed as a principally performative speech act. Behind the variety of lyrical discourses, a historically stable performative strategy is uncovered. In the case of the genre of ballad, for which narrativity is an optional element – if widely popular in the poetry of Romanticism – such a basic strategy is that of anxiety. This contention is supported by analysis of Tyutchev’s early anarrative ballads. In such poems the lyrical subject finds himself in the situation of “double existence”, at the border between two worlds: the diurnal one and the nocturnal one, the joyful one and the terrific one, the live one and the dead one. Still, what we face here is not a traditional romantic double-worldedness, but a kind of a counterpoint, a “strained” meta-unity. The conscience of the ballad-type lyrical subject is a catastrophic conscience of someone to be sacrificed. In Tyutchev’s anarrative ballads such a conscience is not masked by a fantastic plot, but presented in its pure form.

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Onimiczne imponderabilia. Kilka uwag o ekwiwalentach nazw własnych we współczesnej prozie polskiej

Author(s): Magdalena Graf / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The presented article is devoted to the problem of identification of terms other than typical proper names. The author discusses the current state of research on the category of individual descriptors and terms considered to be equivalents of proper names, recalling both onomastic theories and research of scholars from other disciplines. The issues addressed include the formal appearance of these terms, their importance in the identification process and the textual function. The exemplification of theoretical assumptions and author’s own interpretative claims consists in the quasi-names derived from contemporary texts, among others those by I. Karpowicz and J. Sosnowski.

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Dyskursy posthumanizmu w powieści Tomasza Matkowskiego „I Bóg stworzył delfina, czyli potrawka z człowieków”

Author(s): Dorota Hamerlok / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Scholars in various fields of science are increasingly asking themselves the question of subjectivity in the modern world. Similarly, the subject remains a topic of discourse in art. This article constitutes an attempt to analyze the discourse of posthumanism in Tomasz Matkowski’s novel And God Created a Dolphin, or: a Human Dish. The proposed reflections also attempt to answer the question of how the discourses of posthumanism can be realized in literary texts on different textual levels and areas of communication.

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