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Dzieci z rodzin z problemem alkoholowym stanowią grupę wysokiego ryzyka dotyczącego zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego. Ostatnie szacunki wskazują, że w Polsce około 1,5 mln dzieci wychowuje się przy pijącym rodzicu. Dzięki licznym badaniom empirycznym coraz lepiej rozumiemy ich sytuację. Zaburzenia psychiczne rodziców bezpośrednio wynikające z uzależnienia oraz z nim współistniejące mogą negatywnie oddziaływać na zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne dzieci i młodzieży na różnych etapach życia, jak też prowadzić do wystąpienia objawów eksternalizacyjnych i internalizacyjnych. Najnowsze prace naukowe podkreślają jednak duże zróżnicowanie populacji dzieci alkoholików, a wiedza empiryczna pozwala na coraz lepsze rozumienie mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za to zróżnicowanie. Książka stanowi kontynuację zainteresowań autorki problematyką funkcjonowania dzieci alkoholików. Znaczne rozpowszechnienie problemu alkoholizmu w społeczeństwie skłania do nieustannego poszerzania wiedzy na temat dzieci uzależnionych rodziców oraz poszukiwania empirycznych dowodów na obecność istotnych dla ich rozwoju czynników ryzyka i zasobów. Wyniki tych badań mogą wpłynąć na poprawę skuteczności i efektywności programów profilaktycznych oraz działań interwencyjnych, kierowanych do dzieci i młodzieży szczególnie zagrożonych zbyt wczesnym i nadmiernym spożywaniem alkoholu oraz innych substancji psychoaktywnych.
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The publication is concerned with the topic of infant crying. The research objective of the study was to determine whether the perception of infant crying is influenced by psychological characteristics of the mother. The data on 310 women were collected during their pregnancy and after delivery. Maternal psychological characteristics were obtained from self-report questionnaires during the first data collection (3rd trimester).The data about infant’s crying behaviour were obtained during the second data collection (between 4th and 8th week after delivery).The second data collection also included the original questionnaire Feelings about Infant Crying and Infant Crying Characteristics. The relationships between maternal characteristics and their perception of infant crying were significant.
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This overview monograph is focused on psychological specifics of intellectually gifted learners whose abilities are often concealed due to the simultaneous existence of a specific learning disability, dyslexia. The publication gives an overview of the genesis of international professional interest in this issue and it is dedicated especially to the issue of psychological assessment and pedagogical identification of the population of the gifted. Emphasis is laid, among others, on describing the barriers and stereotypical approaches considerably impeding relevant identification. Moreover, the author also pays attention to an overview of typical cognitive, social and emotional characteristics of the examined population of the gifted and points to significant risks resulting from wrong or insufficient identification. Amongst highly adverse consequences, there is the issue of the origin of social and emotional problems, forming chronic academic failure, and disturbing the stability of functioning of the whole system in which the child is growing up. Furthermore, she also suggests possibilities of psychological counselling and modifying ways of education regarding the examined population of gifted pupils and students.
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In the course of last five years, a team of psychologists from the Institute for Children, Youth and Family Research at the Faculty of Social Studies has observed a sample of over thousand people born in 1990-1994. If you are interested how these young adults think about themselves and about the world, where and with whom they live and what relations they have, you may find the answers here. The book is thematically complex and offers a probe into novel social-psychological phenomena, such as the identity of young Vietnamese adults in Czechia or the phenomenon of “friendship with benefits”.
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The books contains descriptions and analyses of communicative behaviours of autistic children; it also shows the influence of deficiency in communicative competence on the communicative function of the utterance.
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Separation, even in the hypothesis where it unfolds on a non-conflictual basis, creates a serious vulnus in the life of an individual and in his family history, because it generates an empty space in the sphere of the identity of each partner, built over time within of the relationship. In union dissolution, as well as in adolescence, people are passed through by feelings of loss and disorientation that are overcome only when they are able to process them and reintegrate them into the new identity. The separative experience is therefore an experience of crisis that, if is managed in the persistence of the conflict, can have a very negative impact on the psycho-physical well-being of the children. Some authors have highlighted that post-separation conflict has worse effects on children than that which precedes separation, since the former presents itself as a destructive conflict, characterized by hostility, aggression and negative feelings and is resolved less frequently, putting more the adaptive capacity of minors to their new condition as children of separated parents is at risk.
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Volumul Comunicarea interpersonală - implicații în procesul educativ, nepropune o serie de lucrări, aparținând prin excelență, cadrelor didactice universitare,implicate activ în educație, cunoscători ai detaliilor de bază ale comunicăriididactice. Specialiștii au încercat să identifice sursele comunicării educaționale.Drept urmare, ei au adăugat noi teme de studiu: „comunicarea la clasă”,„comunicarea educațională” și „educația comunicării”.
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The main research problem of the present publication is the verification of cognitive and temperamental risk factors for minors' criminogenesis. The author presents the patterns of entering into social interactions of the young people and outline their personal beliefs, which reflect how they perceive the world, interpersonal relations and their attitude towards themselves. Juvenile delinquents process social information in a specific – criminogenic – way, which favors the initiation and maintenance of criminal behavior. Processing social information by juveniles will be looked into in terms of the triggered styles of criminal thinking and confronted with potential temperamental and intellectual risk factors.
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The concept of the monograph was created on the basis of the observation of contemporary world and the changes taking place in it. In the postmodern world, the concepts of human nature, family, community, love, development, freedom have been redefined – in the face of intensively changing cultural, economic, political and health phenomena. For centuries the family has been the basic source of shaping the attitudes of individuals, but now these natural processes have been degraded in favor of the progressive visions of man and society. The changes affected the family structure, its functions, rules of conduct and value systems. The monograph presents a multifaceted analysis of changes in marriage and family from the following scientific perspectives: philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, theology and canon law.
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Cilj: Prikazati sadašnji model funkcioniranja i analizirati buduće perspektive Odjela za dječiju i adolescentnu Psihijatriju pri Psihijatrijskoj klinici, Univerzitetskog kliničkog centra Sarajevo. Pozadina: Odjel za dječiju i adolescentnu psihijatriju Psihijatrijske klinike postoji preko 50 godina. Funkcioniše kao jedini odjel za dječiju i adolescentnu psihijatriju u Federaciji Bosne I Hercegovine. Ciljna grupa odjela su djeca i adolescenti u dobi od 3 do 18 godina koji imaju određene psihičke poteškoće. Pacijentima se usluge pružaju kroz ambulantu, dnevnu bolnicu i zatvoreno odjeljenje. Osim toga, postoji i savjetovalište za djecu i roditelje. Zbog ekonomskih razloga i profesionalnih razmjena smatramo da je bolje da Odjel funkcioniše u okviru Psihijatrijske klinike za odrasle. Glavni nedostatak ovog modela funkcionisanja se ogleda u kasnom početku tretmana zbog straha od stigmatizacije. Metode: Uporediti model funkcionisanja Odjela za dječiju i adolescentnu psihijatriju u Sarajevu sa drugim klinikama za liječenje djece i adolescenata sa psihičkim smetnjama. Diskusija: U većini zemalja liječenje djece i adolescenata sa psihičkim poremećajima se organizira u okviru samostalnih klinika. Poredeći rad Odjela u sklopu UKC Sarajevo sa radom Zavod u sklopu KBC Zagreb vidimo da se radi o dva veoma slična modela organizacije, ali da je osnovna razlika u dostupnosti adekvatno obrazovanog kadra bez obzira što se tretira otprilike jednak broj djece i adolescenata sa različitim smetnjama. Još veću razliku uočavamo ako poredimo rad Odjela za dječiju i adolescentnu psihijatriju Sarajevo sa radom samostalnih klinika, na primjer, Psihijatrijska bolnica za djecu i mladež Zagreb ima 78 zaposlenih različitih edukativnih profila. Naš Odjel ima samo 10 zaposlenih, iako liječimo približno isti broj pacijenata. Zaključak: Cilj nam je u budućnosti uspostaviti samostalnu kliniku za djecu i adolescente. Za ovaj koncept potrebna su finansijska sredstva, multidisciplinarni profesionalni tim, oprema i prostorije čija raspoloživost zavisi od interesovanja vlasti.
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This monograph deals with the use of creative writing in literary education. It shows how exercises aimed at creating texts can be incorporated into school practice and explains why creative writing is effective as a teaching method. The authors of the monograph understand creative writing as a mental tool of cognition, as a medium of creative thinking. The methods of creative writing lead to the development of students’ perception, experiencing and thinking, and also to the development of creative communication in classrooms. At the same time, creative writing is enjoyable and (although this is not the main goal) develops the literary talent of writers. Besides the theoretical background, this book also presents individual projects (lessons devoted to a particular topic) which might be utilized not only in school education (secondary or tertiary) but also as a part of free-time activities.
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The volume of proceedings is a result of the Specific Research project conducted in 2018 with the registration number MUNI/A/0881/2017 – Research on learning and teaching foreign languages. The contributions present research studies of doctoral students in the field of Foreign Language Didactics at the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University. The studies are written in Czech.
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Classroom management is one of the decisive factors in the case of beginning teachers regarding whether they remain in the profession and in the case of experienced teachers regarding their satisfaction in the profession. For beginning teachers, it is an area that they seldom learnt at their faculties and that they learn first in their teaching practice. Yet when teachers are not able to manage their class, they are not able to teach their pupils something either. The monograph presents findings about student teachers in their teaching practice and their mentor teachers at lower secondary schools. Our research is based on classroom observation, interviews, and questionnaires. We study behavioral and instructional management and describe their relation to need for closure.
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The aim of the text is supporting the inclusive education at the first stage of elementary school, a choice of suitable methods and strategies during the lessons of Czech language and literature. It deals with the topic of dyslexia, dysgraphia and dysorthography. The partial part is focused on Asperger syndrome. The main part of the text is consisted of the training lectures of all three parts of the Czech language. The text emphasizes the approaches in terms of which the educational goals are achieved together with the appropriate interaction between the participants of the educational process, the support of independence and creativity. The work describes activities focusing on the development of the key competences and accessing the subject overlap and application in terms of the cross-curricular topics.
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Education of pupils with learning disabilities has been in the centre of attention of teachers, parents as well as the general public. When solving our project we verified several ways of teaching mathematics at an ordinary primary school, which might help included pupils to handle some of their problems with this subject. Key activities had been prepared in order to introduce new approaches to teaching pupils with learning disorders in heterogeneous classes, with respect to development and strengthening of pupils' competences. Our project gave a positive outcome in changing attitudes of the included pupils to mathematics and improvement of their results. Also, the structured way of teaching mathematics helped most pupils in the class.
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The book introduces the case study of instruction as a means of cultivating (field)didactic thinking. In the first part, case studies are introduced as a research tool in clinical fields. Particular attention is devoted to case studies of instruction and their role in transdisciplinary research in didactics. The transdidactic approach that makes use of the 3A procedure is also introduced. The second part of the book presents 25 case studies of instruction that have been developer by various teams that consisted of researchers and teachers. The book is an extension of the book Transdisciplinární didaktika: o učitelském sdílení znalostí a zvyšování kvality výuky napříč obory by J. Slavík, T. Janík, P. Najvar a P. Knecht.
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The Conference Proceedings includes full texts of presentations of both Czech and foreign participants of the Conference Social Processes and Personality, organized by Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, between September 9 to 11, 2015, in Brno.
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Emerging adulthood is a transitive developmental period, in which young people at the age of 18-25 are only gradually dealing with life tasks typical for adulthood. Goals, once characteristic for adolescence, are in modern societies moved to the higher age (Arnett, 2006). Tasks of the adult age are updated increasingly, and their importance grows with age, therefore one of the aims of this research was to examine how important are these tasks for young people, which specific tasks they prefer and to find out if there are any gender differences. The process of goal achievement is explained by the concept of self-regulation (Carver & Scheier, 2011) as the ability not only to choose and achieve the goals, but also modify the behavior in such way, that it will lead to their achievement (Lovaš, 2011). Transitive periods, such as emerging adulthood, are connected with the need to review and adjust one’s life goals. The ability for goal disengagement and reengagement of unattainable goals is a manifestation of adaptive self-regulation (Wrosch et al., 2003a, b). Research sample (N=102, 51 females, 51 males) filled in three research methods: newly constructed questionnaire The Importance of Developmental Tasks, Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ, Carey, Neal & Collins, 2004) and Goal Adjustment Scale (GAS, Wrosch et al., 2003b). Results in the context of benefits and limitations are discussed in the conclusion
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The book discusses the problem of psychological resilience, considered both in the theoretical and practical perspective. The first part of the publication focuses on stress, its various manifestations as experienced by children and youth, as well as on various methods of coping with it. The role of psychological resilience has been emphasized as a factor in overcoming life’s difficulties, stressing the possibility of effectively strengthening and developing it through various psychological mechanisms. The second part of the monograph proposes scenarios of psychoeducational workshops. It has been divided into units and constitute a compendium of expert psychological knowledge for professionals working with children and youth. The scenarios of psychoeducational workshops are recommended as a supplementary part of programs and norms designed to shape and reinforce mental resilience in young people. The issues they focus on include, among others, integration, development of social skills, and coping with broadly understood stress, and are considered particularly important in working with children and youth. The scenarios have a clear structure which makes them easy to understand for teachers on various levels of professional experience. The suggested methods of activating create a space for work that is based on interaction and respect for young people’s agency, thus contributing to increasing their motivation to introduce changes in their life. Recommendations of specialized psychological publications that can be helpful in realization of various sections of the workshops have also been included in the work. The book is addressed to individuals who work with children and adolescents, psychologists, pedagogists, and therapists. It creates space for creative activity and encourages realization of innovative projects in the field of applied psychology.
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