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The purpose of this study is to present some of the leading theories in the social and pedagogical practice relative to primary school age to identify better and psychological specificity in child development.
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Psychological characteristics of gangs are essential for revealing the mechanisms of criminal behavior in general. The study of the character of the offender, regardless of his surroundings would build a complete and accurate description, which could lead to inadequate selection of approaches for dealing. In this paper an attempt is made to explore is the role and place of gangs as factors of an offense and on but this should be offered adequate strategy for implementing measures educational impact.
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Psychological features of vocational training of social workers are analyzed. The presented psychology and pedagogical model of development of professionalism of the social worker in the conditions of modern higher education institution allows to analyses more deeply and comprehensively this phenomenon and to present a peculiar standard of model that will help to solve numerous personal and professional problems of the social worker, including a choice of strategy of self-realization in professional activity. Model as logical construct, opening professionalism development, gives an idea of structure, the contents, the purpose, means, result of this process; about the functions displaying professionalism of the social worker; clears up and predicts future condition of professionalism of the expert.
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In this work, on the the background of diachronic discourse on development of the concept of intelligence with an emphasis on methodological characteristics and problematic points, is represented the current trend of development of this concept with great practical value, are shown different paradigmatic solutions and open debates.
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This paper is an attempt for a comparative analysis of the views of critical psychology for some shortcomings of clinical psychology and the basic principles of psychological counseling. Baseline is the large degree of overlap between the three activities clinical psychology, counseling and psychotherapy. This allows a certain convention to assume that what critical psychology makes as a criticism of the clinical concerns also counseling and psychotherapy. In this respect, in comparison to the consultation placed are such psychological aspects of clinical activity as the dominance of the medical model, the understanding of mental disorders in the context of social power and influence, consideration of ethnic, cultural and social realities in the assessment of the client side values psychological effects. The conclusion drawn is that psychological counseling methodologically and practically reaches some of the views of critical psychology.
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This article presents a theoretical and applied research on locus of control and styles of participation in group work, considered as factors in the optimization and management of human resources in the administration. Data from empirical research are analyzed and summarized and recommendations are formulated for effective motivation and active involvement of employees in the performance of their duties.
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Divorce is a mondial phenomenon that affects not only the two parents but children too. Divorce is a wound of Albanian society extended during this time of transition. Parents divorce with each other and sometimes they “divorce” from their children. For a child, losing one parent is the same thing with dying. The aim of this study besides recognizing the phenomenon of divorce of parents and its importance for children of 9-12 years old to explore the effects of divorce of parents at attachment dynamics, self-esteem and shame and guilt. The methodology of this study is: attachment questionnaire, self–esteem questionnaire (Rosenberg) and shame and guilt questionnaire applied at 100 children of divorced families and 100 children of non divorced families at 9- years system at 12 schools in the city of Elbasan. This study proved all hypothesis and objectives and results that children of divorced families have more shame and guilt feelings than children of intact families. They feel guilty about the divorce of their parents. We, also, came to an end that children of divorced families have lower rates of self esteem than children of intact families. It was a very large number of children of intact families that had secure attachment compared to children of divorced families where non secure/anxious attachment. A characteristic of divorced children was the presence of avoidant and disorganized attachment among them. It was recommended that parent should not discuss their divorce in the presence of their children, should explain that divorce is for parents and not for children and is not children fault about the divorce.
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The model presents an experimental research project to study the influence of blind chess on cognitive functions - memory, thinking and spatial imagination of sighted and blind persons in middle school age on some aspects of personality (esteem and social resonance).
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Objectives. The gangs came to the attention of the authorities because of the criminal nature of some of them. To understand which are the appropriate measures to prevent and reduce gang delinquency, this paper aimed at identifying the predictors of adolescents' belonging to such groups. Material and methods. Relevant articles published between 2010 and 2020, were searched in three access platforms to the scientific literature. The papers based on the quantitative analysis of the data, which evaluated the predictors of the involvement of adolescents aged 14-21 in gangs, were preserved. Results. Resulting in 33 significant articles, with samples between 75-26232 participants, 11 studies had a longitudinal design, the rest being cross-sectional. Most studies were conducted in the USA, and the rest in European, American, African, and Asian countries. Three categories of predictors were distinguished: familial factors (e.g. deficient parenting, domestic violence), personal factors (e.g. trauma history, low level of self-control), social and economic factors (e.g. criminogenic neighborhood, material and financial instability). The most common predictor was the criminogenic neighborhood, identified by 16 studies. There were also highlighted gender differences regarding gang membership, adolescent boys being more likely to be gang members. Conclusions. This systematic review highlighted that the main factors that can compete to adolescent gang involvement are: criminogenic social environment, low level of self-control, dysfunctional family-educational environment, and low socioeconomic level. As research has shown that many of these can be risk factors for violence, it is necessary to develop coping strategies and heal traumas to prevent the formation and maintenance of the antisocial identity of adolescent gangs.
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A novelty of this research is the study of early childhood abuse. The fight to eliminate physical abuse in the school environment must start from the first level of placing the child in this environment, respectively from the young school age. The important scientific problem solved lies in the change of the attitude of the parents and teachers towards the physically abused child, but also in the establishment of the psychotherapeutic methods of working with them. The causes of physical abuse are numerous because abuse is a complex phenomenon, and the literature mainly reveals the abnormal behaviors of parents, poor parent-child relationships and problematic families. Very often we meet children who belong to disorganized families and / or with a disadvantaged socio-economic level. Any attack on the child's health, physical abuse, regardless of its form, affects all areas of psychological functioning of the child (intellectual, emotional, volitional, interpersonal), not only causes physical damage, but also negatively affects the child's overall development, his relationships with other people, school performance.
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The article substantiates the context approach of preparing future teachers for labor education of junior pupils. The relevance of the mentioned problem in the conditions of modern Ukraine is proved. It has been found that pedagogical science has accumulated considerable experience in determining the essence and ways of implementing the context approach. The context approach is seen as a professionally oriented learning, in which knowledge, skills, and skills are acquired in the context of future professional activities. The main function of the context-based approach to learning is to create conditions for the transformation of educational and cognitive activity into a professional, thus modeling the educational environment, as close as possible to the form and content to the professional. The methodology of the context approach consists of three basic forms of activity: educational activity with a leading role of lectures and practical classes; quasi-professional, which is embodied in games, special courses; educational-professional (research work of students, technological practice, diploma and course designing). The implementation of the context approach in the process of preparing future teachers for elementary school to organize the work of pupils, promotes the development of professional skills of future professionals, helps to more objectively and accurately determine their professional suitability. The use of this approach sets not only the vector of personality development, but also creates conditions for it to plan a common, unified and compulsory development line, and assists each student, taking into account his available knowledge of knowledge, to improve and realize their individual abilities and successfully pass the formation process personality The context-based approach to the training of future primary school teachers in the context of reforming higher education ensures that the conditions for future vocational and pedagogical activities are brought closer.
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The ascendancy of the bilinguals over the monolinguals in expressing creative potential (Ricciardelli, 1992; Cushen, Wiley, 2011; Lee, Kim, 2010) is verified also for the language pair Ukrainian/Romanian, the present research considered seeking to identify the nature of the connection between bilingualism and creativity in the case of high school students, half of them native Ukrainian (speaking Romanian and Ukrainian) and half monolinguals (Romanian) that were the same age. Other checked variables were: the geo-residential zone, the scholar environment, gender structure of the compared samples. Secondly, it was established both the way that differences of the creative potential are connected with the biological gender of the subjects, and the effects of interaction between the two independent variables. To measure the creative potential The Battery of Creative Thinking Tests (Stoica, Caluschi, 2006) was used. The results showed that bilinguals had better performances at all estimated elements: fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration. The gender variable has an impact, but more limited and particular, that the linguistic one: girls prove creative potential for the elaboration’s dimension, while boys are better to the dimension of fluency and ideation. Also results prove that, in case of combination between bilingualism and biological gender, influences are manifested only in elaboration. Therefore, both bilingual and monolingual girls use more details in their works, taking their bearing more in idea development and being more creative on this field, comparing to bilingual, respectively monolingual boys.
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The results of a study of ego states, self-esteem and life positions effects on teachers’ subjective career success are presented. The sample includes 324 teachers between 24 and 65 years. The results obtained present preferences for the ego states Nurturing Parent and Adult, and for the life position „I am OK, you are OK“, which are manifested through characteristics such as affection, friendliness, analyticalness and devotion to others. The established average self-esteem level suggests for positive attitude towards oneself and career satisfaction. The ego states Natural Child, Caring Parent, Adapted Child, the self-esteem and the life positions „I am OK, you are OK“ and „I am not OK, you are not OK“ have significant effects on subjective career success. Personal characteristics such as empathy, concern for others and the promotion of development lead to a sense of subjective career success. The results are applicable for the implementation оf teacher competency improvement programs, which will not only increase their sense of career success, but will also have a positive effect on the quality of the educational process.
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COVID 19 closed the people in their homes but for a small part of the society the period of isolation has passed in a learning and office environment. What are the effects of the social isolation on people – we will find out. How the environment – parents, friends, society, colleagues, influences on the successful dealing with stress and how it helps personal sustainability, we will know in the future. During the research we will see the dynamics in the resilience levels of the cadets before, during and after the quarantine. The results will show us how the military environment helps the cadets to deal with the negative sides of the social isolation. The development of resilience will be monitored as an ability of self regulation in a moments of crisis.
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Self-image plays an important role in human life, due to its influences on the emotional state level, to its guidance toward self-knowledge by relating to others and due to its leading of gaining self-esteem. In fact, it leads life success and the way of relating to everyone else. Psychological development of children and teenagers depends mostly on the reactions and the attitude of family and teachers. The educational leaders, through the teaching methods and aids, can influence student`s self-image. Refering to the students that have a poor self-image, the cooperative learning method is extremely efficient by sustaining self-awareness, self-knowledge, knowledge of others and positive interactions in class.
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The article presents results of a research of student – teacher relationship styles in the school environment, measured by the stroke economy. The sample includes 339 students between the ages of 13 to 15, of whom 198 are from vulnerable and 141 are from invulnerable groups, and 229 teachers between the ages of 24 to 65. The results present significant differences in the styles used by the three groups. Students from vulnerable groups declare preferences for the styles “Don't accept” and “Don't give yourself”, which is expressed in a tendency to devalue their own achievements and successes. Students from invulnerable groups and teachers express preferences for the styles “Don't accept” and “Don't ask”, which suggests manifestations of characteristics such as confidence and a tendency to reject compliments. The obtained results can be used as an approach to increase the efficiency of the student-teacher relationship and improve the social climate in the classroom.
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The phenomenon of volunteer activity is actively studied by psychologists and sociologists from different countries. Despite the fact that the interpretation of volunteering has some distinctive features due to cultural differences, they do not contradict each other in general. The greatest interest is aroused by the motives and values of volunteers, the study of which has become significant in sociological and psychological research over the past decade. This article presents studies of the motives and values of Russian volunteers.
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Patrycja Chuszcz’s aim in this article is to analyze the film productions of the Open Cages Association, which works for so-called farm animal rights, and to inquire about the attempt to go beyond the anthropocentric perspective in the audiovisual materials created by this organization. She begins her considerations by outlining the tradition of non-fiction film about animals. She discusses the current search for the zoocentric perspective in cinema by documentary and visual artists. Next she analyzes the film productions of the Open Cages Association. She compares the organization’s films with the perspective resulting from interviews with its members and with the literaturę on the subject. The analysis shows that activists – despite contesting a certain sector of modern civilization (related to industrial livestock production) – rely on the broader and prevailing technological-cultural paradigm. This borrowing is manifested, among other things, in the use of an anthropocentric perspective and anthropomorphism in the films created by the Open Cages Association. However, activists adopt this attitude consciously, following the perspective of effective altruism.
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In a pandemic, the child-parent relationship is facing new challenges. Social isolation affects people differently, but a sustainable internal psychological resource allows the individual to get out of the critical period with as little damage as possible. Healthy emotionality is a basic prerequisite for the formation and development of emotional intelligence. The identification of the emotion, the control over the impulse and its expression in a socially acceptable way by the parent - all this is inextricably linked with the process of upbringing in the family and marks the nature of the relationship between parents and children. The study focuses on the study of the emotional style of the modern parent in the context of his interaction with the children in the family. The emotional style questionnaire used by a team from the University of Wisconsin-Madison was used. The survey was conducted among parents of children and students from 3 to 18 years. Conclusions were made regarding the specifics of the emotional style of the parents in the context of the established state of emergency and in connection with pedagogical activities aimed at creating conditions for increasing the emotional intelligence of the respondents with the support of the school.
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Family-mediated early interventions (FMEI) as a natural communicative model is effective in addressing the needs of children with developmental disabilities and enhancing parents’ competence in supporting parent-child social interactions. The article presents 2019 cross-sectional study conducted in Varna, Bulgaria with 40 parents and 40 children participating. The study aims to explore the relationship between FMEI service use, parental capacity and children’s social functioning and adaptive skills. Results indicated a significant progress in 2–3-year-old children. FMEI prove to be effective and meaningful for parents and their children.
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