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Sucharek, P. (ed.): Fenomenológia stretnutia
Review of: Sucharek, P. (ed.): Fenomenológia stretnutia. Prešov: Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity 2015. ISBN 978-80-555-1439-0.
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Review of: Sucharek, P. (ed.): Fenomenológia stretnutia. Prešov: Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity 2015. ISBN 978-80-555-1439-0.
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Using the contextual-level model for the value-and-conceptual organization of the life activity of a subject, we systematized the ideas about the phenomena of self-organization in psychological systems. These ideas show the presence of heterostatic tendencies at every level of life activity. We revealed that self-organization processes in psychology are most studied at the levels of activity and action. Self-organization at the metasystemic level of the co-existent community is poorly investigated. The common features of self-organization at all levels are the following: the openness of purposes, the low degree of specificity of its image, and the transformation of a purpose during activity. The problem of revealing the feedback mechanisms in large-scale conceptual contexts of life is a promising issue for future research.
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A "strange tale" written by an English mathematician has inspired creators of literature and art for years. The fundamental question posed by the story is: "Who are you?" These words do not so much evoke anxiety as force the reader to philosophical and sociological and existential reflection. From this point of view, Carroll's story constitutes one of the most important books in the world dealing with these issues. This article proposes that the book should be read as a search for our own identity, in the shape of a little girl lost in a fairy-tale world.
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The present paper has two aims. The first is to introduce the concept of Metacognitive Self (MCS). MCS is self- insight into one’s own biases. The theoretical background on Metacognitive Self served as a base for creating a valid and reliable instrument – the second and most important aim. The structure of the new instrument for measuring Metacognitive Self (MCSQ-24), as expected, yielded a second-order factor model, with four “content” factors at the first level and a single “metacognitive self” factor at the upper level.
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The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the relationship between explicit and implicit materialism, self-esteem, and readiness for self-improvement in teenagers. We carried out two studies. In the first one, we examined what object and activity categories are linked to teenage happiness and how the category of happiness associated with possessing things is linked to materialistic teenage attitudes. The second study looked into the associations of implicit materialism with implicit materialism, self-esteem, and readiness for self-improvement. The obtained results showed that (a) five categories of teenage happiness can be distinguished: people and animals, interests, sport, achievements, material possessions and money; (b) as initially assumed, implicit materialism is positively linked to explicit materialism and negatively linked to both self-esteem (Study 2) and readiness for self-improvement (Studies 1 and 2). However, no significant relationship was observed between explicit materialism and self-esteem or readiness for self-improvement.
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This paper aimed to investigate loneliness perception of high school students in terms of participating in recreational activities and various variables such as gender, number of friends & number of brothers/sisters, living environment, kind leisure activity and place of participating in these activities. The study sample consisted of 392 high school students and they were selected randomly. “UCLA Loneliness Scale” was used as data gathering tool. Analysis of the data obtained was carried out by using “SPSS for Windows” software package program. In addition to descriptive statistics, “Mann Whitney U” and “Kruskal Wallis” were performed in order to determine whether loneliness perception of the participants’ differs according to some personal characteristics. As a result, there was no significant difference between loneliness perception of participants’ according to gender, number of brothers/sisters and living environment. But according to participant’s number of friends, leisure activity and place of participating in these activities significant differences were found between participants’ loneliness perception.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between superstitious behavior in sport and trait anxiety levels among college students engaged in active sports. 166 Pamukkale University and Ege University of School of Physical Education and Sports students who are selected simple random sampling method voluntarily participated (61 females and 105 males) for the study. In the study for gathering data “Superstitious Ritual Questionnaire” and “Trait Anxiety Inventory” were used together. To examine the relationship between superstitious behavior in sport and trait anxiety levels the Pearson product-moment coefficients of correlation was used. The results indicated that the relationship between superstitious behavior in sport and trait anxiety level is positive and statistically significant (r=.208; p=.007). To explain whether there are significant differences between participants’ superstitious behavior in sport according to gender, Independent Sample T-test was used. Result of this analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between male and female students tendency to superstitious behaviors according to gender (t=1.15; p=.251). In conclusion study findings showed that anxiety is a factor that increases university students, engaging in active sport, superstitions behavior.
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The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between psychological variables and soccer playing ability among the university level male players. 42 soccer players representing different universities who participated in inter university competitions were selected as the subjects of the study. The dependent variable was soccer playing ability and independent variables were the selected psychological variables. Soccer playing ability was determined through a 10 point scale at the time of competitions. Psychological variables included achievement motivation, anxiety, self-concept and aggression. The data was statistically analyzed using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. It was concluded that soccer playing ability has a positive correlation with achievement motivation and self-concept whereas anxiety and aggression have a negative correlation with soccer playing ability.
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The way a given theoretical concept is interpreted depends on several temporal perspectives. First of all, not only is it the age of the interpreter and the historical time when the interpretation takes place, but also the chronology of successive versions of the author’s ideas or their interpretations by others. Without taking those into account, the misinterpretation which could have been avoided may be mistaken with another which is impossible to avoid. Thus, a correct interpretation might be considered wrong. Allowing for time variables must result in the conclusion that a close-to-correct interpretation of a theoretical concept is available only to a mature person who has both the physical and psychological access to the content of the theory, and who has become independent from the historical actuality to a large extent.The root of this reflection is in the book Versus. About the structural duality of development phases in the ecology of life cycle in Erik H. Erikson’s psychodynamic model published by Lech Witkowski in 2015. The concept presented in the work seems a perfect example of such a dependency. Only at the last phase of his lifecycle did the author himself fully understand and synthetically describe the logic of the stage development of the ego and self identity, as well as the central content and dynamics of inner- and interstage processes.
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This article focuses on the role of silence in building personal identity. Humans intuitively feel that there is a relation between silence and self-identity, and different kinds of spiritual practices pursued everywhere in the world prove the permanence of this conviction. It seems that there is a good reason to try and understand the basis of the relation between silence and self-identity by seeking the answer to the question of what happens when we cease talking and what allows us to ‘look deeper in our selves.’ In the present considerations silence is defined as abstaining from speaking. As such, it creates a space that helps the human being open up to various types of experiencing the world and the self, without recourse to words.The approach used throughout the analyses rests on the assumption that the body, in particular embodied proprioception, an unmediated experience of the body’s internal sense of itself, is a decisive factor in establishing the human self. Proprioception reveals the layers of identity which in everyday experience are hidden either by the words spoken by others or in the internal dialogue with oneself. The article describes how proprioception is a basic source of self knowledge accessible as a result of a conscious practice of silence.
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Review of : Katarzyna JASIŃSKA - Inga Mizdrak Ku wolności i samospełnieniu człowieka. Zarys antropologii filozofi cznej Karola Wojtyły [“Towards Human Freedom and Fulfi llment: An Outline of Karol Wojtyła’s Philosophical Anthropology”] (Kraków: Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II. Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2014).
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The proportion of dining-out population is increasing with the rapid development of social economy. It is considered that service staff presenting positive emotion has become the essential condition in the dinning process. To further have the customers perceive pleasure and satisfaction, service staff in catering industry actively and heartedly serving customers is critical. For this reason, this study tends to verify the effects of Personality Traits on Quality of Service of service staff in catering industry from the aspect of Emotional Labor. Total 270 copies of questionnaires are distributed to the first-line service staff of Grand Hyatt Taipei and 196 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 73%. The research results show significant correlations between: (1) Personality Traits and Emotional Labor, (2) Emotional Labor and Quality of Service, and (3) Personality Traits and Quality of Service. The practicability of the research results are further proposed suggestions.
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The article discusses the term of psychodrama in the aspect of the social rehabilitation process of juveniles. An important area of considerations is noting the most effective form of work in the modification of socially desirable behavior. Moreover, the identification and wider discussion of the aspect of psychodrama interaction indicates the emotional, therapeutic, and above all correctional dimension, so desired in the social rehabilitation of juveniles.
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W artykule podjęto dyskusję nad ujęciem psychodramy w aspekcie procesu resocjalizacji nieletnich. Ważnym obszarem rozważań, jest zwrócenie uwagi na najbardziej skuteczną formę pracy w modyfikacji zachowań społecznie pożądanych. Ponadto identyfikacja i szersze omówienie kwestii oddziaływania psychodramy wskazuje na emocjonalny, terapeutyczny,a przede wszystkim korekcyjny wymiar, tak pożądany w resocjalizacji nieletnich.
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Autobiographical memory is a specific kind of memory concerning events and issues related to yourself. Your conception of your own life involves narratives in which all of yours experiences are interrelated. Autobiographical memory connects your present self with your past experiences (that’s why it’s important for theories about continuity of self). In this article I will analyse autobiographical texts of French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the context of autobiographical memory theories.
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The idea of our text refers to the possibility of reaching a state of total detachment from the daily nothingness through a certain comprehensive capacity of ontologically penetrating things in their essentiality. Detachment does not mean, in our view, isolation (separation) from reality, it is symbolized by the enshrined expression “view from the sky”1 which cannot be attained without effort, without spiritual practice, without the examination of one’s conscience; the philosophical paradigm that we propose is the axiological prerequisite of acquiring self-consciousness, which should enable the “view from the sky” freely and wisely. Selfconsciousness could somehow coincide, in terms of the perspective proposed, with the consciousness of transcendence. Thus, the title of our article could become the profession of faith of each philosopher.
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Background. Youth unemployment is currently one of the biggest problems in European society. It can reduce the economic prosperity and psychological well-being of unemployed youth. Positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and self-compassion are linked with a number of positive constructs. Those include satisfaction with life, positive affect and personal initiative to make needed changes in one’s life. Thus, PsyCap and self-compassion could be promising resources enhancing the psychological well-being of unemployed youth. The aims of the study are: 1) to reveal relation between PsyCap and self-compassion with life satisfaction of unemployed youth; 2) to investigate the difference between PsyCap and self-compassion for higher and lower levels of life satisfaction among unemployed youth. Methods. The sample consisted of 80 unemployed Lithuanians aged 19-29 (38% male, 62% female). The Psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007), Satisfaction With Life scale (Diener et al., 1985), and Self-Compassion scale (Neff, 2003a) were used in the study. Results. Positive and significant correlations were found between PsyCap and life satisfaction. Moreover, we found positive and significant correlations between PsyCap components and all positive self-compassion components. Although life satisfaction positively correlates with total self-compassion, however, not all positive components of self-compassion correlate with the life satisfaction of unemployed youth. Furthermore, unemployed youth highly satisfied with life had higher levels of PsyCap and self-compassion compared to unemployed youth who were less satisfied with life. Conclusions. Our findings revealed positive correlations between PsyCap and self-compassion with life satisfaction of unemployed youth. Future research is needed in order to explore the causality between variables.
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Background. Relationship with authority is a significant social as well as psychological factor which was destructively influenced by the Soviet authoritarian regime. In Western cultures, authority is often neglected while stressing the importance of an individual, and that leads to narcissistic problems. Though relevance of the issue of relationship with authority is acknowledged in contemporary psychology, it has been scarcely studied so far. Thorough conceptualization of the construct of relationship with authority is necessary for both an adequate assessment of it and applicability of the knowledge about the phenomenon in psychotherapy practice. Finding the narcissistic motives in relation with authority would help to handle with narcissism in research as well as in psychotherapy. The aim of the article is to give a comprehensive conception of relationship with authority with regard to its influence on human psyche development. We seek to distinguish levels and modes of this relationship. The final task is to discern specific motives of relationship with authority which are characteristic of narcissism. Methods. Psychodynamic, mostly Analytical, literature has been reviewed and analysed to explore psychological concept of relationship with authority and its part in inner dynamics of narcissism. Results. Authority can be described as a power, reputation or competence attributed to a person, social group or institution. Three levels of relationship with authority can be discerned: relationship with 1) outer authority figures; 2) inner authority; 3) transpersonal authority. Analysis of literature has led to distinguishing such characteristic motives of narcissistic relationship with authority: aggrandizement or depreciating one’s own authority; fright, anger with re-gard to or fight against authority; abusive authoritative stance or excessive submissiveness; idealization or devaluation of authorities. Conclusions. The importance of the specific modes of relationship with authority in narcissism is inferred with recommendations to include the factor into assessment and psychotherapy of narcissism.
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Scientific researches had demonstrated already that Humans and other beings from the Earth are not so different from biological and genetic point of view. Somewhere with millions years back in time qualitative changes were taken place when men were started to look to the sky not only with fear like any other wild animal but also with hope that in the very far future they will become at least as great as the sky. In this very hard road of mankind to perfection, some kind of immaterial inner superior being had suggested the right steps. Now we are calling this “Consciousness, Awareness” and this inner force without any doubt leads us to God. The main problem in Human Consciousness is to define the percentage of real pure man awareness separated from physical and biological nature. It is well known fact that many factors like education, weather, environment and other components influence, model and forms the human state of consciousness. The main method in the determination of real, pure awareness state is to separate it by examination of some human factors of life. It is considered that the basis of the pure state of human consciousness is the Word as it has the power to induce a pure way of perception. The human consciousness is considered pure for the most part, because the Word is able to move people with the strength of its full purity.
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Decoupling has been diagnosed since the second half of the last century. It is conceived as a kind of separation, appearing in a variety of organisations, in situations in which established principles or rules, aimed at normalising interpersonal relationships or governing the rules of conduct, despite being officially established, are not implemented. Another situation may also occur. It arises when individuals know and accept the guidelines, but for multiple – often subjective – reasons, they do not materialize as they are blocked by individual decisions. This results in serious consequences of a social, economic, legal or managerial nature. How they be prevented? Solutions based upon ethics seem to be a sound base to counteract the destructive consequences of decoupling. Human conscience is one of the fundamental ethical categories. Deep rooted in every person, it shapes behaviour, even though its impact can also be minimised. It turns out that a properly formed conscience gives better results in personal activity on both the individual and human levels. Also, conscience enables the correct interpretation of what is prohibited and what is expected, and thus becomes the perfect tool for countering decoupling.Finally, it can be assumed that as long as man has a well-constituted con-science and follows its guidance, the negative effects of a split between the recognized rules and their actual observance can be minimised.
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