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Mediacyjno-integracyjna rola mediów w osobowych relacjach komunikacyjnych

Author(s): Michał Drożdż / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (10)/2014

Communication relationships of human are interpersonal or social,communal. The nature of communication already involves the relation to other sand the orientation to different people taking part in the processes of communication. In the era of media civilization people communicate primarily through increasingly more modern media. In this perspective, media communication reveals features of interpersonal communication and the media have emerged as a tool in communication between people. Thus, it is worth taking a look at the media in their functional way as well as in their mediating and integrating role. Therefore,the aim of the article is to analyze this role from the perspective of theory of communication and media axiology in the light of personal vision of man.

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Women’s body image and breastfeeding

Author(s): Barbara Broers,Joanna Wawrzyniak,Wiktoria Kubiec / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Only a small number of studies draw attention to the relationship between body image after pregnancy and during lactation with the decision to undertake and continue breastfeeding. Body image is a complex mental construct, which consists of: cognitive, emotional and behavioural components, and which is subject to change during the life of the woman. Pregnancy, childbirth and lactation affect the physicality of women, which is also reflected in the way of defining their body image. Dissatisfaction with own body can affect the decision to breastfeed or cause discomfort during breastfeeding. At the same time, undertaking breastfeeding can, through the hormones secreted at the time, positively influence the assessment of the woman’s body before and during pregnancy. The discovery of this relationship, and in the future indicating the precise correlation phenomena, could have a practical use in working with patients whether to breastfeed. By noticing and identifying an early onset of irregularities in the forming body image of a pregnant women, healthcare professionals can support those in need to build a real body image and positive attitude towards occurring changes and thus increase their comfort. Recognising and understanding the obstacles women experience on the road to breastfeeding, educators and professionals can create programs which consider a more complex, psycho-physical dimension of breastfeeding.

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Wstyd-upokorzenie a pogarda-wstręt: natura reakcji

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Wstyd-upokorzenie a pogarda-wstręt: natura reakcji

Author(s): Silvan Tomkins / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

This is a selection of passages from Silvan Tomkins’s Affect Imagery Consciousness. In his chapter on shame–humiliation, one of the nine basic affects, Tomkins presents the fundamental characteristics of shame, allowing us to distinguish it from other affects. He describes its basic physiological components as well as those that are linked to conscious aspects of our experience. He also highlights the particular meaning of the consciousness of the ‘I’ and the face, which in his opinion plays the most important role in our experience of shame.

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Profesinio Pašaukimo Indentifikavimo Kompetencijos Ugdymas – Asmenybės Tiesos Apie Save Pa Žinimo Prielaida

Author(s): Eugenijus Danilevičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 76/2013

The paper attempts to answer the following questions: What are the dynamics for the identification of an occupational vocation? What is the initial experience of a student’s occupational vocation and how does it change in the period of college study? Does profession becomes an indispensable part of personal function and interior human life? What pedagogical and andragogical factors and instruments for improving study content help to strengthen a student’s link with a profession, to internalize a profession in the inner structures of a personality during studies and thus to form a precondition for the acknowledgment of truth about self?

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Argumento Už Ontinį Asmenų Paprastumą Kritinė Analizė

Author(s): Marius Grigonis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 71/2012

In a number of his essays E.J. Lowe presented an interesting argument for the ontological simplicity of the self. This argument had become the subject of Eric T. Olson’s polemic reaction, who was trying – unsuccessfully – to discover a formal mistake in the argument. Eventually, the modified and improved version of Lowe’s reasoning came out in his paper Identity, Composition, and the Simplicity of the Self. It seemed that the argument for the ontological simplicity of the self has resisted criticism. In my paper I am going to present a few manoeuvres which can be used by advocates of animalism to dismiss conclusions from Lowe’s argument. An animalist may want to do that because of a simple reason: on animalism it is difficult to argue for the simplicity of the self thesis, as persons are – according to animalism – human organisms, it means composite objects. My analysis is going to show that the simplicity argument – although remains formally valid – is not sound in the light of proven difficulties and shortcomings. This enables me to insist on an animalistic interpretation of the subject, according to which the self is a composite material object, identical with a living human organism.

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THE LEARNING PROFESSION: THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT’S SELF-ESTEEM AND THE SUCCESS OF LEARNING – EMPIRICAL STUDY

Author(s): Nicoleta Litoiu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

During his/her school career, the student experiences the “learning profession”, a new concept, promoted by Ph. Perrenoud in 1996, aiming to achieve success, although success may embody different things, depending on the meaning attributed to it by the student: to pass examinations; to keep up appearances; to play with the rules; to behave properly etc. In this context, with the concept of learning profession, the concept of self-esteem occurs in education and psychology experts’ debates, the social responsibility and the co-participation of the student to the education process representing an important link between the two mentioned concepts. This paper aims to present some specific aspects of an empirical study, designed to focus on the correlation between the student’s self-esteem and the success of learning, as an important feature, valued by the practice of the learning profession.

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Health-related behavioural differences between the sexes determines nutrition status in hospitalized elderly patients

Author(s): Grazyna Puto,Iwona Repka,Kornelia Biłko,Mirosława Dzikowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Background: Health-related behaviours affect the preservation and maintenance of health. They form a important part of the everyday life of all individuals including the elderly. Some of the most significant factors affecting health are eating habits, physical activity, and the ability to handle stress and limiting the use of substances. Aim of the study: The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of health-related behaviours on nutrition in hospitalized elderly patients. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 151 subjects over 60 years old. The study tools included a diagnostic survey, the Health Behaviour Inventory and the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Statistical significance for differences and strength of correlation between the variables was set at p < 0.05. Results: The general indicator of health behaviour was higher among women (88.78 ± 13.82 vs. 83.55 ± 12.93; p = 0.01). The analysis of health behaviour showed significant differences between men and women in relation to good eating habits (p = 0.01) and prophylactic behaviour (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Elderly people who followed a proper diet, which included fruit and vegetables, and avoided food with preservatives, were better nourished. A positive attitude was connected with the state of nutrition. Wellnourished status can be observed among the elderly who have positive attitude, avoid anger, anxiety and depression, and have friends and a stable family life.

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Knowledge about our experience and distinguishing between possibilities

Author(s): Maria Matuszkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2017

In my article I reconstruct the main threads of Robert Stalnaker’s book Our Knowledge of the Internal World, which focuses on the problem of our epistemic relation to our experience and the relation between experience and knowledge.First, the book proposes an interesting view of externalism, which combinesclassical externalist claims with a contextualist approach to content ascription. The approach accommodates some important internalist intuitions by showing how content ascriptions can be sensitive to the perspective from which a subject perceives the world. Second, Stalnaker proposes a theory of self locating and phenomenal knowledge, which should be understood in terms of differentiating between real possibilities. The puzzling upshot of this elegant solution is that it commits one to the existence of possibilities accessible only from the first-person perspective. Finally, Stalnaker presents an argument which shows that our knowledge about our phenomenal experience is no more direct than the knowledge about external objects. Stalnaker’s claim that by merely having an experience we don’t learn any new information seems,however, too strict in light of his contextualist approach to content as criptions.

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W poszukiwaniu siebie… Młodzież na drodze do samorealizacji

Author(s): Kamila Słupska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article raises the issue of the young generation’s striving for the realization of its potential and talents as well as the use of development opportunities in the context of both favorable and unfavorable conditions of the social-cultural reality. The problems resulting from the axionormative chaos, differentiated opportunities, and changes in all of the areas of life that the contemporary youth wanting to appear on the societal arena is struggling with are also indicated in the article. The considerations oscillate around the categories of identity, needs, existential dilemmas and self-improvement as well as the goals and life plans of young people.

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ОДНОС ОСОБИНА ЛИЧНОСТИ И ПОЈМА О СЕБИ КОД УЧЕНИКА СРЕДЊЕ ШКОЛЕ

Author(s): Mia R. Marić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 144/2013

In adolescence, there are significant changes in behavior, which are largely determined by personality traits and perceptions which adolescents have about themselves. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between basic personality dimensions of Eysenck model and certain aspects of self-concept among high school students. The sample consisted of 200 students in the second and fourth year of high school. The research results confirm the existence of significant correlation between all three investigated dimensions of personality and certain aspects of self-concept in adolescence. Thus, it was determined that neuroticism is positively associated with fear of negative evaluation, externality and low social desirability and negatively with loneliness. Extraversion is positively related to persistence, self-esteem and general life satisfaction, and negatively with the perceived incompetence, loneliness, fear of negative evaluation and externality, and low psychoticism is positively associated with persistence, self-esteem and general satisfaction, and negatively with the perceived incompetence and loneliness.

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On the Dynamics of Mytho-Folkloric Vocabulary: Linguistic and Spiritual Implications

Author(s): Valeriu Balteanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

To the best of our knowledge, the mytho-folkloric terms originating in the names of folk holy days have not represented the object of an overview research thus far. The present paper aims to study the above mentioned section of the folk vocabulary from an ethno-linguistic perspective that includes both formal and ethnographic aspects (such as beliefs, superstitions, etc.). The analysis of the terms belonging to the above mentioned category shall help researchers acquire better insight into the lexical relations established between folk terms and the dynamics displayed by the Romanian folk vocabulary. Ultimately, the dynamics of the folk vocabulary is closely connected to the evolution of folk mentality, which it mirrors.

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DUYGUSAL ZEKÂ İLE GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİYİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA

Author(s): Alpaslan Yüce,Kamile Meriç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 16/2017

Emotional intelligence that expresses the ability of the individual to self-knowledge, to use his feelings wisely, and to manage relationships among people is an important influence on entrepreneurship. In this study, it tried to determine the degree of this interaction between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship. In this framework, a questionnaire form developed for the students who have taken courses in entrepreneurship and who are studying at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences of Kafkas University has been implemented. According to the result of the analyses, personal awareness and adaptation to conditions and environment, which are from sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence, are positively correlated with entrepreneurship tendency. In addition, it was determined that the interpersonal relationships which is from sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence, is not related to entrepreneurship tendency.

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Л.Н. Толстой, М. Хайдеггер, А. Гилязов о сущностном «я» человека

Author(s): Albina Mazgarovna Sayapova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The paper deals with the problem of the resonant similarities in the texts by L.N. Tolstoy, M. Heidegger, and A. Gilyazov. The research is based on the data of the literary works of the authors mentioned above: “Anna Karenina” by L.N. Tolstoy; “Philosophy of the Country Road” and “Creative Landscape” by M. Heidegger; “Let’s Pray” by A. Gilyazov. The aim of the research is to reveal the resonant similarities of the texts under study to conceptualize the fiction expression of the essential content of the human “self”, which is the most important factor of any literary work stimulating the interest of the translator in the translated piece. The tasks of the research are as follows: 1) to reveal the resonant similarities of the texts of three authors, which are seemingly different from each other; 2) to demonstrate that these seemingly distant similarities, when hermeneutically conceptualized, may serve as meaningful in our revelation of the universal ontological phenomena about the human being; 3) to demonstrate that the revelation of resonant similarities in ontological characteristics of the inner “self” of the person is the evidence that the essential “self” of the human being as a universal part of a personality serves as the basic criteria in the evaluation of a human being, their thoughts and actions. This essential source is meant to attract the translator, to be in the focus of their view as it is the natural content that unites the author and their translator.

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The development and initial evaluation of the Pornography-Use Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale

Author(s): Shane W. Kraus,Harold Rosenberg,Steve Martino,Charla Nich,Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

This study employed a newly developed questionnaire to evaluate whether men’s self-efficacy to avoid using pornography in each of 18 emotional, social, or sexually arousing situations was associated with either their typical frequency of pornography use or their hypersexuality. Methods: Using an Internet-based data collection procedure, 229 male pornography users (Mage = 33.3 years, SD = 12.2) who had sought or considered seeking professional help for their use of pornography completed questionnaires assessing their situationally specific selfefficacy, history of pornography use, self-efficacy to employ specific pornography-reduction strategies, hypersexuality, and demographic characteristics. Results: Frequency of pornography use was significantly negatively associated with level of confidence in 12 of the 18 situations. In addition, lower hypersexuality and higher confidence to employ pornography-use-reduction strategies were associated with higher confidence to avoid using pornography in each of the 18 situations. A principal axis factor analysis yielded three clusters of situations: (a) sexual arousal/boredom/ opportunity, (b) intoxication/locations/easy access, and (c) negative emotions. Discussion and conclusions: This questionnaire could be employed to identify specific high-risk situations for lapse or relapse and as a measure of treatment outcome among therapy clients, but we recommend further examination of the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the questionnaire in treatment samples. Because only one of the three clusters reflected a consistent theme, we do not recommend averaging self-efficacy within factors to create subscales.

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Peer relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction: The mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of the need to belong

Author(s): Pengcheng Wang,Meng Zhao,Xingchao Wang,XIAOCHUN XIE,Yuhui Wang,Li Lei / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Adolescent smartphone addiction has received increased attention in recent years, and peer relationship has been found to be a protective factor in adolescent smartphone. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the mediating role of self-esteem in the association between student–student relationship and smartphone addiction, and (b) the moderating role of the need to belong in the indirect relationship between student student relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction. Methods: This model was examined with 768 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 16.81 years, SD = 0.73); the participants completed measurements regarding student–student relationship, self esteem, the need to belong, and smartphone addiction. Results: The correlation analyses indicated that student–student relationship was significantly negatively associated with adolescent smartphone addiction, and the need to belong was significantly positively associated with adolescent smartphone addiction. Mediation analyses revealed that self-esteem partially mediated the link between student-student relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction. Moderated mediation further indicated that the mediated path was weaker for adolescents with lower levels of the need to belong. Discussion and conclusion: High self-esteem could be a protective factor against smartphone addiction for adolescents with a strong need to belong as these students appeared to be at elevated risk of developing smartphone addiction.

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Студентската академична мотивация през призмата на самоефективността

Author(s): Rusanka Mancheva,Bilyana Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Academic motivation and self-evaluation in the learning process are one of the most important factors for successful academic training for future specialists with higher education.The proposed article presents results of a study conducted by students from Southwestern University "Neofit Rilski" under project RP-A14 / 17 "Research on personal effectiveness, academic and career motivation" at the Laboratory complex in Psychology. In the paper, the theoretical link between the internal and external motivation and the own assessment of the student's academic activity is sought. It has been found that the focus of motivational activity in students depends on stimulating motivation factors of the academic environment and on own assessment of success in the learning process.

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Bilinçli Farkındalık ile Psikolojik Kırılganlık İlişkisinde Utangaçlığın Aracı Rolü

Author(s): Mehmet Sarıçalı,Seydi Ahmet Satıcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

The current study was designed to investigated the mediating role of shyness on the associated between mindfulness and psychological vulnerability in Turkish university students. The participants were 299 [176(59%) females, 123(41%) males] volunteer university students who completed a questionnaire package that included Turkish versions of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Psychological Vulnerability Scale, the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale. The theoretical model was tested using a two-step structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedure. The results indicated that mindfulness was negatively associated with shyness psychological vulnerability and that shyness positively associated with psychological vulnerability. After the confirmed measurement model, the structural equation modeling revealed that shyness partially mediated the role of mindfulness on psychological vulnerability. Moreover, bootstrapping procedure confirmed that mindfulness was indirectly associated with psychological vulnerability through shyness. The findings highlight that the importance of mindfulness in decreasing perceptions of shyness and decreasing psychological vulnerability.

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SOCIO-EMOCIONANI RAZVOJ MALOG DJETETA

Author(s): Fehim ROŠIĆ / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2009

Socio-emotional development of children represents, along with cognitive development, an area which is very significant for understanding specific qualities of numerous questions associated to behavior and overall functioning during this development period. In the area of socio-emotional development apart from development and differentation of emotions,important is the question of temperament development. Some temperament qualities are differently stabile towards changes. For example, it has been noticed that activity rhythm and mood as characteristics have relatively high degree of variety depending on the age, while levels of activity, along with shighness and communicativity, are relatively stabile. Question of self-perception (self-confidence) is significant in socio-emotional development. Sometimes this question is analysed as a part of cognitive development because it affects the area of conciousness (comprehension), but always contains social dimensions and is a result of interactive, interpersonal, social relations.

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MISLIMO DA POZNAJEMO SEBE

Author(s): Osman Ramić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/2012

Today's reality is burdened with the everyday unfortunate events of abuse within the family, at school, on the street, in public places. What happens to the people who chose the path of violence and abuse? How these events affects us who are their participants? We all have almost identical experience in this regard. Disgust, disapproval. Is this the answer, or should we look for answers elsewhere? Perhaps in the abusers personality, its structure, or in everyday reality congested with difficulties that do not have a beginning, nor end in sight. We know that the negative side of these events is very common, although there are also sporadic positive and desirable events. Our experience from all the events that we witnessed results in certain behaviors that vary from person to person. So we can rightly ask the question: Do we know ourselves? Are we aware of ourselves and our behavior? Do we know what our reaction will be in some specific situation and how much are we aware of them? We tried to look for answers these and similar questions by analyzing the emotional stability and social maturity of young people. We will try to peek into the inner structure of the youth personality and outline some elements related to knowing yourself and your personality, without aiming to provide the most appropriate answers to these and other questions like them.

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I bisogni, positivi e negativi

Author(s): Waldemar Woźniak / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2003

Needs are the basic elements of the human personality structure. This article presents needs as natural tendencies, coming from some deficit of the organism or dynamism in a human being. They can be situated on the spiritual, psychosocial and rational levels. The needs can be positive or negative. The specific need may also be negative in one situation, and positive in another. The article also presents slightly wider selected by me negative and positive needs and a list of basic psychological needs. There is often a contradiction between the content of particular needs. This is happening between the essential needs discussed by Freud - the instinct of life and death. You can not form a personality without a good knowledge of your own needs.

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