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The Role of the Media and Cyber Context in Adolescents’ Pursuit of Popularity

Author(s): Michelle F. Wright / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although adolescents have fully embraced digital technology, little is known about how such technology might be used as a tool to promote their popularity among their peers, and whether utilizing technology to become more popular relates to their cyber social behaviors. Furthermore, little attention has been given to whether the media’s encouragement of popularity-related activities has a role in adolescents’ cyber social behaviors. To this end, this study examined the media’s encouragement of popularity (i.e., social preference, perceived popularity) among adolescents and their usage of the cyber context to boost their popularity in relation to their cyber social behaviors. The participants were 817 seventh graders from the United States.

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Cross-generational Investment Behavior and the Impact on Personal Finance

Author(s): Alexander Zureck,Janusz Reiter,Martin Svoboda / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Money is an important topic for all generations. Young people are often stressed about money. They worry about not having enough money to retire or just to make it until the end of the month. In contrast to young people, old people often have a full understanding of the gravity of their financial situation. This paper analyzes the financial decision making in relation to the age in Germany. Within the paper we concentrate on the investment behavior in general and give an outlook to the retirement situation. The analysis is based on a logistic regression with data from an online survey in 2015. It includes data from 1,489 participants. The results of this analysis show that young people prefer secure financial investments like call money, fixed deposit, savings book, or building loan contract. In total, the participants save between 400 EUR and 500 EUR. Between 100 EUR and 200 EUR the save monthly for retirement.

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Development of Self

Author(s): Petr Macek,Ondřej Bouša,Jan Vančura,Michaela Sokoliová,Aleš Neusar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

A new quality of self-reflection is one of the key attributes by which psychology demarcates the developmental period of adolescence (Hater, 2003; Dusek & McIntyre, 2003). Even though self-reflection as a psychological process starts developing already inearly childhood, it can in fact be said that awareness of „oneself” emerges as an importantevent and new personal experience at the very time of entering adolescence.

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Leisure time

Author(s): Mojmír Tyrlík,Zuzana Sýkorová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Many researchers from various fields are interested in the extracurricular and leisure activities of children. The fields of interest vary from sociology and psychology to social and health services (Caldwell & Darling, 1999; Fredricks & Eccles, 2006; Mahoney & Stattin, 2000; Shannon, 2006; Wearing, Wearing, & Kelly, 1994). Definition of the conceptof free or leisure time is only implicit in many of these studies. The authors do not frequently theorize the issue. Some authors have used a concept of extracurricular activityor duty (Larson & Verma, 1999; Larson, 2001); other authors differentiate between structured (goal directed activities e.g. sports, arts, technical) or unstructured activities (watching TV, playing on PC) (Mahoney & Stattin, 2000) and other forms of passive leisure (e.g., eating, resting, personal care) (Mahoney, Larson, Eccles, & Lord, 2005).

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Experienced stress and coping strategies in the context of adolescent social relationships

Author(s): Jan Mareš,Lenka Lacinová,Jan Širůček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Family environment is a crucial factor playing a major role in the development and adaptation of children and adolescents. There are numerous theoretical approaches in developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology where by the mechanismof the impact of family processes on the child can be explained. Apart from the general ones, which can be represented e.g. by the ecological model of development by U. Bronfenbrenner (1977), defining the micro-system as a network of close interpersonal relationships and the importance of proximal interactions for individual‟s development, the examined mechanism of mutual interactions of children (adolescents) and their immediate environment can be captured as the effect of particular variables representing the influences of family environment, such as interparental conflict.

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Spíme spolu, ale nechodíme spolu: Komunikace o nastavování pravidel ve vztahu přátelé s benefity

Author(s): Marie Szopová,Lenka Lacinová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Termín „přátelé s benefity” (friends with benefits — FWB) se začal objevovat v médiích relativně nedávno. O FWB lze mluvit také jako o jednom z typů vztahů spadajících do kategorie nezávazných sexuálních vztahů (casual sex relationships). Jako další pojmenování a typy lze uvést například one night stands, booty calls, fuck buddies. Jednotlivé typy nezávazných sexuálních vztahů pak mohou být definovány na základě toho, kde se nacházejí na kontinuu různých vztahových charakteristik, jako je frekvence setkávání, typ kontaktu (sex versus sociální kontakt), přátelství, sebeodhalování a diskuse o vztahu (Wentland & Reissing, 2011). Vztah FWB lze definovat jako vztah mezi přáteli, který obsahuje také společnou sexuální aktivitu, ale zároveň jej aktéři tohoto vztahu nedefinují jako vztah romantický/partnerský (Hughes, Morrison, & Asada, 2005).

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Anxiety in Adolescence

Author(s): Remus Runcan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Anxiety is one of the most complex nervous disorders affecting adolescents. Half of the studies on anxiety concern anxiety in adolescents. The review of articles on anxiety shows that most studies forms of anxiety disorders are social anxiety and generalised anxiety disorders associated, most often with the use of the Internet, in general, and the use of social networking sites and of Facebook, in particular. Anxiety in adolescents was studied mainly by North American and European researchers, but Asian, African and Australian researchers also contributed to this field.

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ONCE AN ENTREPRENEUR – ALWAYS AN ENTREPRENEUR? POST-EXIT INTERESTS OF RETIRED ENTREPRENEURS

Author(s): Mirela Alpeza / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In recent decades, the elderly have an increasing share in the population’s age structure, and the implications of population aging are visible in all aspects of society. A higher proportion of the elderly population is accompanied by an increase in the number of people who spend a more extended period of their lives as retirees, which affects the social redefinition of the concept of retirement. Retirement of entrepreneurs is an essential topic since entrepreneurial retirement reflects its sustainability, which has a broader social role. The biggest challenges related to the retirement of entrepreneurs are those of psychological nature whose causes are found in their almost exclusive focus on the business aspect of life and the lack of development of other interests and contacts outside the business community during the active working period. After retirement, entrepreneurs strive for activities that enable retention of existing patterns of behavior and continuity in developing relationships within the same social groups. The paper presents an example of an association of retired entrepreneurs in the Netherlands, which accomplishes two important goals through its mentoring program, i.e., it enables social inclusion of retired entrepreneurs and enables younger entrepreneurs to successfully overcome business challenges with the mentoring support of retired entrepreneurs. Modeled on the example of good practice from the Netherlands, in early 2020, an association of retired entrepreneurs was launched in Croatia. The topic of the retirement of entrepreneurs and sustainability of their business ventures is crucial to Croatia because of the enormous wave of expected retiree entrepreneurs who founded companies in the 1990s after Croatia transitioned to a market economy. This paper presents qualitative research conducted among retired entrepreneurs in Croatia interested in volunteering as mentors to younger entrepreneurs. The concluding part of the paper points out the need to support the development of programs that enable social inclusion of retired entrepreneurs, applying their knowledge and experience in encouraging the development of entrepreneurship.

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CONSIDERAȚIUNI TEORETICE CU REFERINȚĂ LA REZISTENȚA PSIHOLOGICĂ ÎN PSIHOTERAPIE

Author(s): Tatiana Roşca / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The concept of psychological resistance refers to an extremely complex phenomenon through the multitude of facets, which different authors have described in different terms, such as: resistance to treatment (more common in psychodynamic approaches), non-compliance (predominantly in cognitive-behavioral), non-adherence (commonly used in medicine), stalemate (widely used in models who prefer an interpersonal approach to the phenomenon). Thus, the relevance of resistance to change in the therapeutic relationship is of particular interest to several authors who say that coping with resistance is essential to better understand therapeutic change and to reduce its abandonment or failure.

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Odmazda

Author(s): Dejan Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Idiotizam se nastavlja. Samo je pitanje da li će i dalje i dioti biti na obe strane. Naime, na jednoj strani imamo idiotsku odluku da se žiteljima Beograda zabrani kretanje za vikend. Mnogo puta smo to ovde objašnjavali, objasnićemo opet. Zabrana kretanja nije isto što i držanje odstojanja između osoba ili nošenje maske. Pogotovo zabrana kretanja od jednog vremena do nekog drugog vremena. Sve to, naravno, u vezi sa virusom koji se prenosi kapljično, to jest pljuvanjem, kao i Vučić.

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Političke posledice izolacije

Author(s): Masha Gessen / Language(s): Serbian

Tokom pandemije korona virusa, za mnoge od nas samoizolacija je jedino što možemo učiniti da bismo zaštitili sebe i druge, samoća je ono najbolje čemu se možemo nadati, a usamljenost je ono što zaista osećamo. Kad kažem „mi“, mislim na ljude koji sebi mogu da dopuste luksuz samoizolacije i težnje za samoćom. Oni koji ne mogu da se samoizoluju – lekari i medicinske sestre, radnici koji drugima omogućuju samoizolaciju – često su istovremeno izolovani i usamljeni jer nemaju mogućnost da biraju svoje društvo.

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Psihologija karantene

Author(s): Heni Erceg / Language(s): Croatian

Prije nekog vremena bila sam u Dubrovniku na nekom događaju u tamošnjim Lazaretima. Obnovljeno impresivno zdanje izgrađeno je davno na kamenim stijenama, tik iznad mora, izvan gradskih zidina, kao strašna karantena za oboljele od lepre, gubavce dakle, izopćenike i opasne rasadnike jedne nepobjedive bolesti. Gledala sam te duge prostore na čijem je zidu tek niz sitnih prozora, bez stakala, ali s rešetkama, otvore kroz koje su odloženi otpadnici mogli ugledati tek djelić slobode, onaj komadić mora i čuti duboki huk valova koji se razbijaju o stijenje podno Lazareta.

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Gospodar zaraze

Author(s): Ljubodrag Stojadinović / Language(s): Serbian

Ostali smo kod kuće. Prvi zimski sneg ovog proleća pomaže da se savlada iskušenje i strah od sveta koji opstaje izvan nas. Ostali smo bez prijatelja. Mnogi su prestali da se javljaju u nejasnom strahu da virus možda putuje elektromagnetskom sferom. Ostali smo sami sa sobom, i to je neizbežan rezultat umiranja društva. Onima kojima je to potrebno, a svima jeste, ostali su bez podrške. Iluzija da ima solidarnosti usred rastućeg straha, može sa završiti zatočeničkim apelom koji nema ograničenja: ostanite kod kuće. Igrajte mice, domine, šuge. Monopol, žmurke, čoveče ne ljuti se.

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Pred kolapsom

Author(s): Ognjen Radonjić / Language(s): Serbian

Kakvo je trenutno stanje u društvu? Kao i svih ovih godina, samo je u situaciji u kojoj preti neposredna životna opasnost sve daleko vidljivije. Oseća se ta nepodnošljiva mešavina konfuzije, dezorganizovanosti, panike i ležernosti. Kada je konkretno pandemija u pitanju, suočeni smo sa polumerama koje teško da mogu dovoljno da uspore širenje bolesti, ali svakako mogu da ugroze ljudske slobode. Štaviše, nesmetan masovni ulaz gastarbajtera ovih dana, koji su pohrlili u jeftiniju sredinu, ima kapacitet da značajno ubrza inače eksponencijalno širenje virusa – njihovo zdravlje niko nije kontrolisao, a za kontrolu njihovog kretanja bi bila potrebna armija.

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Korona virus u našoj glavi

Author(s): Samuel Paul Veissière / Language(s): Serbian

Zapitajte se da li biste uzeli lek koji ste kupili bez recepta kada biste bili 98 odsto sigurni da on deluje? Da li biste se usudili da stavite celu svoju ušteđevinu na jedan broj ruleta ako bi verovatnoća da ćete je izgubiti bila 98 odsto?

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NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL STATES AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTSTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER

Author(s): Mira Spremo,Tatjana Marković,Nada Vaselić,Slobodan Spremo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders is constantly increasing. Considering the lack of institutionalized support for guardians, it has been noticed that parents of children with ASD more often experience negative emotional states, such as depression, anxiety and stress, and perceive their quality of life to be lower than the parents of typically developing children. The aim of our research was to compare the level of depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life in parents of children with ASD and parents of children without developmental difficulties. The research was quantitative, a socio-demographic questionnaire was used, as well as DASS-21 and WHOQOL scales. There were 78 participants, of which 39 parents of children with ASD (members of „Djeca svjetlosti“ Banja Luka and EDUS Sarajevo), and 39 parents of children without developmental difficulties. F-test was used for comparison of results in the depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life scales between the two groups. It was found that there were statistically significant differences in the level of depression (F=3.72, p<.01), anxiety (F=4.51, p<.01) and stress (F=3.47, p<.01), in a way that negative emotion levels were higher in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder. As far as the perceived quality of life is concerned, the only statistically significant difference was found in the domain of psychological health (F=-3.22, p<.01), in the way that the parents of typically developing children had higher level of perceived satisfaction in this domain.

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REFLEKSIJA PANDEMIJE VIRUSA KORONE NA SOCIJALIZACIJU I ASOCIJALNO PONAŠANJE ADOLESCENATA

Author(s): Begzudin Ahmetović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

One of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is the impaired mental health of children and adolescents, as well as other categories of the population. However, in this paper we will base ourselves on the behavioral disorders that were indicative of this vulnerable category, not wanting to diminish the difficulties faced by other categories of the population. Socialization was difficult, and life and daily activities were limited, which had incalculable consequences on the growth and personality formation of children and adolescents. Unfortunately, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic will be seen in this population, but so will the fears and phobias of similar circumstances. That is why it is very important that during their further upbringing and education we pay special attention to their mental health and education on how and in what way they can seek help, if certain symptoms of the disorder are indicated. The socially maladjusted behavior of children and adolescents during the corona virus pandemic is a topic that was not too represented and researched from a scientific point of view, and we will pay more attention to this problem in this paper.

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KONVENČNÉ VS. ALTERNATÍVNE PREDAJNE POTRAVÍN: PERCEPCIA SPOTREBITEĽOV NA SLOVENSKU

Author(s): Petra Hencelová,František Križan,Kristína Bilková,Katarína Čuláková / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the shopping behavior of consumers in Slovakia (n=1004) and their perceptions of products sold in large stores and farmers' markets. In search of specifics, we proceeded to consumer segmentation by gender and income. To test the hypotheses we used the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and KruskalWallis tests. Consumers choose large supermarket and hypermarket stores for the most frequent purchases of food and other daily consumer goods. According to consumer perceptions, these stores do not offer healthier and better quality food, but cheaper. Differences in such perception were not confirmed between men and women. The claim that supermarkets and hypermarkets offer healthier and better quality food depends on different income groups of consumers. Research shows that consumers 'perceptions of farmers' markets do not depend on gender and income. An exception is the statistically significant relationship between men and women and their perception that products sold at farmers' markets are cheaper than in regular shops. In general, consumers agree that products sold at farmers' markets are healthier and better quality than products in regular shops. At the same time, they disagree that products sold at farmers' markets are cheaper than products in regular shops.

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PANDEMICKÉ NAKUPOVANIE: PRÍKLAD SLOVENSKEJ A SRBSKEJ STRIEBORNEJ GENERÁCIE

Author(s): Miroslava Trembošová,Martin Šramka / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Current COVID-19 pandemic has not only caused global concerns about individuals' health problems, but it has also triggered a change in consumer behavior. Even if only time will tell whether these changes will be temporary or permanent, we can begin to observe the change in how the pandemic affects demographic shopping behavior. Many studies confirm that the silver generation is not a homogeneous group and is most affected by the pandemic. The aim of the paper is to examine the consumer habits and patterns of seniors when buying food during the pandemic in 2021 in Nitra city (Slovakia) and Báčsky Petrovec (Srbsko). The segmentation factor is their age. The results of earlier surveys from 2020 confirmed that the seniors aged 50-64 are a heterogeneous group with higher variability of responses. Due to the greater isolation and greater restriction of movement, people aged 65 and over were less variable in their responses to food purchases. The purpose of this study is to broaden the knowledge base about the attitudes and buying behavior of the silver generation during the pandemic by comparison from two European countries, evaluated by Pearson contingency coefficient. The results of the research confirmed the assumption of segmentation of seniors by age. Younger seniors showed greater variability in responses than the group of older seniors. All Slovak senior respondents reported a change in food purchases during the pandemic (100%), but in Serbia 6% did not change their purchasing practices during the pandemic.

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Communication Styles and Qualities of High and Low Performing Transformational Leaders – Subordinates’ Perspective

Author(s): Isaac Wanasika,Minna Logemann,Tiina Brandt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study explored 98 Finnish leaders’ strengths and weaknesses as described by their followers. The leaders were appraised by their transformational leadership and communication styles by their followers. The results were divided into two groups: leaders who obtained good evaluations of their leadership style and those with lower results. The subordinates’ verbal comments were grouped based on themes about the strengths and weaknesses of both groups, revealing interesting differences between the two groups. Those leaders with high leadership ratings are especially good in Enabling behavior and Emphatic communication style. According to verbal comments of the subordinates, the strengths of high leadership ratings are more strongly emphasized in higher-level leadership traits such as courage, interpersonal skills, a positive attitude, and motivation. On the other hand, the strengths of low leadership ratings focus more on fundamental leadership skills like organization, planning, fairness, and stress management.

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