CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Sunni literary responses to the spread of Shia ideology in Northern Nigeria

Author(s): Kabiru Haruna Isa / Language(s): English Issue: 52/2018

The infiltration of Shiism and subsequent increasing growth of the Shia community in Sunni dominated northern Nigeria, especially from the 1980s to date (2015), have generated ideological tension and anxiety. The introduction of the Shia into northern Nigeria has challenged Sunni ideological dominance and ascendancy. The Shia ulama (scholars) clandestinely converted thousands of Sunnis into the new religious group. The Sunni ulama responded to the penetration and emerging Shia community through a myriad of ways in order to arrest what they perceive as a diffusion of antithetical ideology. The responses came in the form of public condemnation, invective songs, theological debates, and literary antiphon. The main thrust of all of these responses is the condemnation of Shia ideology, rituals and practices, especially the ones that oppose Sunni ideological beliefs. One of the major consequences of these responses is the emergence of literature in different languages, namely: Arabic, English and Hausa. However, there is an apparent lack of academic attention to this body of literature in spite of its relevance to understanding Sunni-Shia relations and theological contestations in northern Nigeria. This paper analyses some selected Hausa and English Sunni-reactive literature and assesses its attempt to challenge the spread of Shia ideology in northern Nigeria.

More...

Ka filozofskoj tematizaciji konvergencije etike obzirnosti i etike sabura sa humanizmom Islama

6.00 €

Preview

Ka filozofskoj tematizaciji konvergencije etike obzirnosti i etike sabura sa humanizmom Islama

Author(s): Esko Muratović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 87-88/2021

In this paper we will deal with the foundation of humanism of Islam in the ethics of consideration and the ethics of sabur, as well as the presentation of these, in their own way, new ethical concepts, not only as part of the heritage of Islamic ethics and tradition, but also in the domain of meaning. for practical survival, as much as the individual – so much the community, and then in accordance with all that they represent, primarily in the moral-axiological and existential plane. We will interpret and understand their conceptual, theoretical, practical and essential justification from the instructions of moral universalization of the Qur'anic language as inexhaustible and eternal orientations of Muslims towards humanization of life and preservation of inner spiritual platform of moral being and his consciousness in striving for ethical perfection. historical-secular experiences of man and humanity, which in the course of their existence are directed and directed towards the dignity of their own and the happiness of other people. In addition to the most important socio-historical coordinates that indicate the size and scope of Islamic heritage in which its humanism resides, this paper points to important relations and relates first, partly religious, and then secular moral phenomenology of ethics of consideration and ethics of sabur, which we recognize as practical and spiritual constituents of humanity and philanthropy within Islamic humanistic worldviews, which aims to point out not only their connection and connection, but also aspects of social and individual existential dynamics that confirm a single, completely dialectical reading of the reality of the human world and life. It will also be a presentation of the originality of Islamic humanity and the ethos of dignified existence and appropriate treatment of moral workers whose justification is historically exposed to ethical and moral challenges before themselves, before the community and before those who think and act differently.

More...

Hadis-Rey Tartışmasının Hüküm Tespitine Etkisi: Hükmün Kaynağı Probleminin Kelamla İlişkisi Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Elmas Gülhan Gençdoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 56/2021

The differences that emerged in the fiqh method regarding the definition of the judgment have a kalām-based ground. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Samarqandī talks about the theological ground of the theory of judgment and expresses the effect of theological divergences on the differences regarding the nature of the judgment. As a reaction to the Mu'tazila's understanding of good-evil/husn-kubh, that the judgments of actions can be known even before the shari’a comes, the Ash'arites claim that the mind cannot judge the goodness or badness of an action, that the mind does not require gratitude to the one who gives blessings, and that actions do not have any judgment before the bad thing comes. Also, in the basis of the problem of ḥadīth-ra’y lies of the differences of opinion that emerged in the theory of judgment. It is obvious that the Qur'an and the sunnah are the two most important sources. However, it is also known that the collection of hadiths causes a narrowing of the field of judgment with reason. Since they are the source of the ḥadīth-ra’y discussions, the authority of the Qur'an and the Sunnah is mentioned here. Here again, it should be emphasized that the authority of the Qur'an and Sunnah is provided by the kalam. The determination of the Divine will as the only authorized element in making judgments has also been determined by the kalam.

More...

İslâm Felsefesini Tanımlama Yaklaşımları Üzerine

Author(s): Mahmut Meçin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 56/2021

Naming the philosophical tradition in Islam as "Islamic philosophy" is an accepted phrase nowadays. However, there is no consensus on how this term is or should be defined. This article, which deals with the definitions of Islamic philosophy from various angles with a critical approach, starts by addressing the claim that there is a definition problem in Islamic philosophy. In the article, the definitions that deal with Islamic philosophy historically and characterize it in terms of its main sources and its universal mission are evaluated under two separate headings, and to what extent these definitions express the nature and scope of Islamic philosophy are discussed. In the aforementioned definitions, there is a dispute as to whether the word "Islam" in the composition of Islamic philosophy refers to Islam as a religion, to the Islamic civilization, to a certain geography where Islam prevails, or to the main sources and universal principles of Islam. The aim of the study is to highlight approaches that define Islamic philosophy more comprehensively without restricting it to only a geographical boundary and a specific historical section, and thus to present an alternative solution to the ongoing definition problem.

More...

Hayızlı Kadının Orucu Meselesi: ‘Sen Harûrî Misin?’ Rivayeti Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Author(s): Rabia Zahide Temiz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2021

Fasting of women on the days of her menstruation period is an issue that takes place in current fiqh discussions. Some contemporary researchers say that there is no religious obstacle for women to fast during these times. Moreover, they state that there is no reason to interrupt fasting, on the contrary, claim obliged to fasting. Meanwhile in traditional fiqh, it is stated that is religiously forbidden for women to fast during this period, rather it is claimed that fasting in this period is ḥaram. The evidence brought to the views of all the mujtahids, who expressed their opinions on this matter was a narration from ʿĀʾisha Bint Abī Bakr (d. 58/678), a wife of Prophet (p.b.u.h). When a woman asked her if she should have fulfilled her ṣalāt (prayer) later, which she could not perform while she was in menstruation period, she responded to her as “are you Ḥarūrī?” then explained the answer. In some variants of this narration, matter of fasting is included in the question or answer. In this article, the issue of women's fasting during menstruation is discussed from a perspective based on isnād-matn analysis in the context of this narration which is called the “Ḥarūrī Ḥadīth”. In the matn of 71 riwāya identified on this article, it has been determined that the issue of fasting was added to the matns narrated by Ma'mer bin Rās̲h̲ id and to some other narrations which in their corroborative (mutābī) matns not includes fasting. In later times, the version of the text with the mention of fasting was accepted as the original and became the proof that fasting of the menstruating woman was forbidden by religion. Considering the hadiths, which do not include issue of fasting, it is seen that the woman tābiʿī (Successor of the Companions) named Muâze asked ʿĀʾisha what the sunnah was about menstruating woman’s ṣalāt. Because in that era a sect called K̲h̲ārid̲j̲ites had claimed that women had to fulfill the ṣalāt that they could not perform during their menstruation, later. There are also other narrations mention the fasting of the menstruating woman. All these narrations indicated that the Prophet did not forbid fasting when menstruating, on the contrary, he just pointed out that fasting was interrupted due to menstruation. As fasting is not a worship like ṣalāt from which the woman is exempted from, a woman may interrupt fasting but must unconditionally fulfill this worship later. Thus, the situation of a woman in such a situation is equaled to the sufferer and the travelers who have a break from fasting. It is stated in traditional fiqh that a menstruating woman will not have to perform ṣalāts later that she couldn't fulfill in time. The necessity of performing a worship must be determined by a clear order of the prophet. However, a clear order regarding the prohibition of fasting during menstruation was not sought. Consequently, it is seen that the narrations are more clear evidence of the absence of any prohibition than they reveal the prohibition of fasting. It has been emphasized in the narratives that it is permissible for a woman to postpone her fast, but she is absolutely obliged to compensate the fasts that she did not fulfill, and she is not exempt from fasting as she is exempt from ṣalāt.

More...

Sədi Sani Qarabaği Yaradiciliğinda “Xəlvətilik” Təriqətinin İzləri

Author(s): İlahə Vəliyeva / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 53/2022

The 19th century was a special stage in the history of the Azerbaijani people with its socio-political, economic and social status. This period is also distinguished by the richness and diversity of its literary and cultural environment. In the 19th century, he wrote and raised more than a hundred poets in the Karabakh literary environment. Sadi Sani Karabaghi is one of the most talented authors of the 19th century Karabakh literary circle. Karabakh was one of the most distinguished artists of the 19th century Karabakh literary environment. According to sources, Sadi Sani went to Amasya after receiving an excellent education in his homeland, where he studied with Seyyid Mir Hamza Nigari, one of the famous sect leaders and famous scholars of the time. In his youth, Sadi, who had a great interest in learning science, increased his education by going to Amasya, one of the cultural centers of the Middle East, in the 19th century, where he received training from the leading scholars of the period. Many of Sadi Sani's poems of other types have survived to the present day. It is felt from the general order of these poems that the poet is able to create works that meet the highest needs not only in the gazelle genre, but also in other genres as a whole. In addition to secular poems, religious themes have a special place in Sadi Sani's works. The article examines Sani's mystical gazelles, especially those of the Halveti sect. Here is an intrepretation of gazelles, interpreted with modern literary techniques.

More...

Franchise Sözleşmesi Ve İslam'daki Hükmü

Author(s): Abdullah YÜKSEL / Language(s): Arabic Issue: 53/2022

In this article includes the definition and research of the origins of the Franchise Agreement, and clarifies the different types of the Franchise Agreement in all details, and briefly summarizes the necessary obligations and responsibilities between the parties when preparing the franchise agreements, and the has advantages of this agreement for both parties and the state, distinguishing this agreement from similar agreements by the most important terms and features, and the different views of Islamic scholars regarding this contract will be interpreted by presenting all the details with evidence and objection, Finally, the choice of views and the most important results of the study will be interpreted.

More...

Harmonizacija ljudskog srca, uma i ruke

Author(s): Mustafa Cerić / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 2/2020

The focus of this article is a reflection on the nature of the human heart (al-qalb), human mind (al-‘aql) and human hand (al-yad). The heart is the place of emotion - love or hate; the mind is the place of thought - right or wrong; the hand is the tool of power – justice or injustice. So, the question may be asked, what is the tipping scale for the heart from love to hate; what makes the mind to think right or wrong; and what causes the hand to do justice or injustice? Then, what is the role of faith/religion in harmonizing the human heart, mind and hand? How can the Sīrah, the way of the life of the messenger of God, teach the human heart to love, the human mind to thing right and the human hand to act justly? What can man learn from the parallel lives and trials of the early aṣḥāb, the Prophet’s companions, and their immediate tābi’ūn, the followers? Here, the article introduces the way of life of two aṣḥāb: ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbās and Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal and one tābi‘un: Al-Qāḍī Shuraikh ibn Al-Ḥārith Al-Kindī, to show that the heart is not a pump that drives the blood, but it is the blood of love that drives the heart to love; that the mind is not a vessel to be filled, but the light to be kindled; and that the hand is not a tool to be abused, but a means to be used for justice. The author aims to open the way for a critique of the pure faith of Muslims. Indeed, the Muslims need to examine their faith in a serious way to find out the right exit from the current crisis of the relationship between their heart, mind and hand. Where is the pure faith of Muslims? Is it in their heart only? Is it in their mind only? Is it in their hand only? How can the Muslims connect these three into a coherent whole for the good of humanity? The good examples from the Sīrah might provide us with the right answer to these questions provided that the Muslims open their hearts, employ their minds and educate their hands. This article is trying to guide them to that direction.

More...

Edeb – zajednički imenitelj za samopoštovanje i poštovanje drugoga

Author(s): Meho Šljivo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 88/2021

This text thematises multidimensional semantics of the term adab, found in constitutive sources of Islam. Most commonly it signifies upbringing in general, whereas in a particular sense it refers to good manners, appropriateness and courtesy towards the others. It corresponds to practical and applied ethics of Islam which spurs from sincere faith and one’s endeavours in attempt of cleansing one’s heart, as the locus of faith and knowledge, of everything that stands in the way of man in his pursuit of knowing his Lord. Adab assists in ripening of an individual to his full potential, it gives directions towards self-realisation and towards respecting the other. Adab is an upbringing strategy and its aim is to teach people that spirituality is essentially a common good and cannot be transferred into private good.

More...

Ujedinjenje aktuelnog diskursa o islamu, finansijama i ekonomiji u svrhu stvaranja slučaja islamske moralne ekonomije

Author(s): Alija Avdukić,Velid Efendić,Admir Mešković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 88/2021

The founding fathers of Islamic economics responded to the challenges faced by capitalism and socialism by attempting to construct an economic theory that is based on Islamic ontological base, values and practices. This new economic model and theory attempt remains an unfinished project due mainly to the emergence and prioritising of Islamic finance. However, this research argues that rather than developing the Islamic system of economics on neo-classical economics, Islamic economics should be constructed on a political economy frame leading to Islamic political economy (IPE). and should be substantiated in its contents as a moral economy. Because, its overall end-goal seeks to reintegrate human well-being and social justice and develop a ‘moral economy’ within a particular social formation based on substantive morality of Islam. In other words, Islamic economics aims at embedding economic and financial relations and activities within the social formation of Islam. Thus, this apprehension also stresses emphatically on the spiritual aspect in terms of the welfare of society in addition to the material well-being and refers to embeddedness in terms of economics being submerged into value system and normative world by having also non-economic factors defining economic behaviour. Consequently, Islamic economics, by definition, is a moral economy in its essence and therefore as a substance of IPE it should be constructed as Islamic moral economy (IME). Hence, the paper aims to construct Islamic economics as a moral economy to produce Islamic moral economy by identifying the implications and consequences of Islamic substantive morality in leading to Islamic moral economy. In defining and exploring aspects of Islamic economics to substantiate IME, the articulation of moral economy within Islamic economics through ontological and epistemological base of Islam and through historical practice and contemporary experience of economics and finance in the Islamic and Muslim context is consulted. It is noted that Islamic finance is considered as a subsystem of IME. However, its formative form was unable to get rid of the trappings of conventional financial institutions by mimicking and mirroring conventional finance through giving up embedded or substantivist finance orientation as proposed by IME. Thus, IME provides the substance through which evaluation of IBF is possible in claiming its social failure. This article provides a comparison of market and Islamic moral economy, and provides a critical review of today’s practice of Islamic finance in the light of Islamic moral economy principles. The article provides a comparison of market and Islamic moral economy, reminding that Islamic moral economy is not only a phenomenon of the modern age, but institutions like Hisba and Achilles existed centuries before, and are the forerunners of today’s supervisory and educational institutions. The article also provides a critical review of today’s practice of Islamic finance in the light of Islamic moral economics. We conclude that Islamic banking as its operational form has not met the expectations of Islamic moral economy due to mirroring conventional banks and its orientation towards profit maximization, which is a feature of the neoclassical school of economics.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Savremeno promišljanje Islama

Author(s): Šerbo Rastoder / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 89-90/2022

The review of: Ferid Muhić, Ontologija islama, Institut za historiju demografiju i antropologiju Sandžaka, Novi Pazar- Rožaje 2022, 313

More...

Muslim* Contemporary

Author(s): . Miscellaneous / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2021

Muslim life in Austria goes back centuries. The first contact with Muslims in Austria is dated to the 10th century by nomadic tribes. Islam has been recognised in Austria since 1912, as a result of the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908. Since then, there has been a recognised Islamic religious society, which has also been an official public institution since 1979. For a long time this gave Muslims in Austria a special position compared to other European countries. Due to the Gastarbeiter [German for “guest worker” or foreign or migrant worker], and the influx of Muslim labour migrants, refugees and employees of international organisations, the number of Muslims in Austria grew and a representation for Muslims in Austria also emerged. Today, Muslims make up a not insignificant part of the Austrian population.

More...

İSLAM SİYASAL DÜŞÜNCESİNDE MUHALEFET ve DİRENME EKOLLERİ

Author(s): Şeniz Anbarli Bozatay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2022

Although it seems difficult to say that Islamic thought has formed a doctrine in a way that advises resistance by developing a model of resistance against the oppressive policies of the administration, it is not impossible either. In Islam, the way of resisting against the oppressing ruler has not been completely blocked, and the schools of resistance in the line that recommend changing the administration through revolution and approaching her actions with patience have also made their presence known. In this study, the views on whether to obey or resist the ruler, who is in unfair practices, are discussed from this point of view.

More...

Kritički osvrt na Mevdudijevo poimanje sunneta

Author(s): Sumedin Kobilica / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 89/2022

This article aims at not only presenting Maududi’s understanding of the Sunnah, but also at a critical evaluation of his opinions in general. Even though Maududi was not muhaddis in a classical sense, his interest and efforts in the science of Hadith is undeniable. The subject of our interest here is to present Maududi’s twofold understanding of the Sunnah. In his early period Maududi was making efforts to protect the authoritative value of the Sunnah from the theologians who were endorsing the idea that the Qur’an can be understood only via the hadith of the Messenger s.w.s., and from the Ahmedis who tried to limit the authority of the Messenger, s.w.s. only to his lifetime. In the later stage of his career, Maududi criticizes the Hadith collectors and their compilations stressing upon the necessity of being very cautious with the Hadith literature. Maududi makes a distinction between the Sunnah of the Messanger s.w.s., those words and actions of his which were a product of his messenger personality and those which were a product of his human personality. According to him then, the first have normative character, whereas the other does not. He also divides all the hadith, verbal and nonverbal regardless, into collective (mutawatir) and singular (ahad). In evaluating the authenticity of the hadith, Maududi, unlike the scholars of the Hadith (muhaith), Maududi prioritizes the sense of the text of the Hadith over the chain of its transmitters. Thus Maududi sometimes rejects even the most relevant tradition recorded in Sahih collections. The bases for his evaluation of the reliability of the texts is the human nature that tends to err. Such thinking would later force him into the methodology of dirayah, evaluation of the authenticity of the tradition on the bases of refined personal sensibility.

More...

A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE VIEWS OF SAYYED HOSSEIN NASR ON THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF ISLAMIC SCIENCE

Author(s): Muhammad Junaid Mughal,Muhammad Mumtaz Ali / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In recent years, Muslim scholars have written on the need of the revival of Islamic science and its philosophical foundation. The main aim of this paper is to examine the views of Sayyed Hossein Nasr, who is considered as one of the pioneers in the area of the revival of Islamic science. Other than Nasr, Muslim scholars argued that the Islamic science is different from modern Western science in terms of its purpose and philosophical foundation and delineated their viewpoints within the philosophical foundation of modern Western science. In terms of method, Islamic science may not be different from modern Western science but it differs in its philosophy and purpose. This paper uses a qualitative method employing content analysis to examine the insights of Seyyed Hossein Nasr critically and analytically with reference to other scholars such as Muzaffar Iqbal, Naquib al Attas, Osman Bakar, Alparsalan and Ziauddin Sardar.

More...

Nužnost i značaj tematskog tefsira u savremenom dobu

Author(s): Almir Fatić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2021

The paper consists of an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. In the introduction, the author gives basic remarks on the importance, need and necessity of thematic tafsir (al-tafsīr al-mawḍūʻī) in modern times, as presented by authors and authorities such as Maḥmūd Shaltūt, Aḥmad Sayyid al-Kūmī, Muḥammad Aḥmad al-Qāsī Muḥammad al-Ġazālī. The first chapter discusses the necessity of thematic tafsir today, where the views of two authors ʻAlī Ḥasan al-ʻArīḍ and ʻAbd al-Sattār Fatḥullāh Saʻīd are presented. The second chapter deals with the importance of thematic tafsir presented also through the views of two contemporary eminent authors: Muṣṭafa Muslim and Ṣalāḥ ʻAbd al-Fattāḥ al-Ḫālidī.

More...

Kritičko tumačenje hadisa: “Naređeno mi je da se borim protiv ljudi...”

Author(s): Fadilj Maljoki / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2021

This paper critically approaches the interpretation of the hadith which states that the Prophet, p.b.u.h., has been ordered to fight against people until they testify that there is no deity other than Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper consists of four chapters. The first chapter enumerates the transmission paths of this hadith and indicates the degree of its authenticity. The second chapter of the paper contains interpretations of this hadith offered by some of the commentators on the hadith collections. The third chapter brings interpretations of this hadith given by Bosniak hadith scholars in recent times. These scholars are Mehmed Handžić, Hasan Škapur, Mahmut Karalić, Adnan Silajdžić and Šefik Kurdić. The last and central chapter of the paper offers our understanding of this particular hadith. The conclusion we have reached based on numerous indications is that the hadith orders the cessation of the fight towards the one who, at least formally and for some interest, converts to Islam. In other words, the focus in this hadith is not on fighting, but on one of (many) reasons why fighting is forbidden to Muslims.

More...

DO ČISTE VJERE PUTEVIMA SLOBODE I ZDRAVOG RAZUMA

Author(s): Ahmed Alibašić / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 1/2022

Review of: Mustafa Cerić, A Critique of Pure Faith, Sarajevo, Center for Dialogue – Wesatiyya, 2021, 200 pages.

More...

Muhammed b. Fadl el-Kemârî ve Buhara Hanefî Geleneğindeki Yeri

Author(s): Adnan Hoyladı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

One of the important figures of the Bukhara Hanafī tradition is Muḥammad b. al-Faḍl al-Kamārī (d. 381/991). Muḥammad b. al-Faḍl’s life, his place in the chains of Hanafī sect teacher-student, and some of his views constitute the subject of our study. Muḥammad b. al-Faḍl’s place in Hanafī fiqh tradition and revealing his views is important in terms of knowing the sources of the views of Hanafī jurists who grew up after him and came to the fore, especially with their contributions to the sect-introducing of Muḥammad b. al-Faḍl and his place in the teacher-student chains of Hanafī tradition and revealing the fiqh views is among the aims of our study. In addition, it is aimed to reveal the teacher-student chains that continue with their students after him. In our study, the document/literature scanning method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, and the obtained information was analyzed by comparison. During the research, classical uṣūl and furū works were scanned as well as tabakāt and historical sources. At the end of the study, it was concluded that Muḥammad b. al-Faḍl was a mujtahid in the sect. His views are mostly consulted in the works of fiqh and fatwa, and his views are also taken as reference on the subjects of fiqh methodology and kalam, although they are few in number. It has been concluded that there are three different and important teacher-student chains which is starting by Muḥammad b. al-Faḍl in the Bukhara Hanafī tradition.

More...

İlahiyat Alanında Yurt Dışında Lisansüstü Eğitim: ABD ve İngiltere Örneği

Author(s): Emrah Kaya / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

Ruins of sanctuaries and altars prove that religion was at the center of human life in ancient cities and civilizations. Today, likewise, religion is an element that somewhat determines the route of societies, the politics of the states, and the course of relations among people. Even in some cultures that look very secular, religion is a part of debates in law, education, social policies, and even health services. While even the secularism of France, the homeland of secularism, is a kind of secularism baptized, it is impossible to ignore the significance of religion. Thus, it is entirely appropriate to say that the study of religion is one of the most important and oldest disciplines in the field of social sciences. The main focus of the studies of religion is to research the root, history, content, and borders of religions and their effect on individuals and societies, as well as to share findings with people. In addition, scholars assess the phenomenon of religion in various ways by touching on its different aspects. While determining a religion's content requires a method, determining the effects of the same religion on people requires another kind of method. If the aim is to determine the quiddity of the phenomenon of religion as independent from a specific religion, it requires quite another method. In other words, due to the need to consider religion through various aspects, different methods have appeared in the studies of religion. Today some countries that are pioneers in education consider the varieties of methods in studying religion, as they do in many fields. As a result of this kind of variety, institutions that deal with the study of religion have had different names. When we take the West as a basis, these names are such: Religious Studies, Theology, Divinity Schools, Seminaries, and Biblical Studies/Collages. As for our country, they are İlahiyat Fakültesi, İslamî İlimler Fakültesi, and Dinî Yüksek İhtisas ve Eğitim Merkezi. This kind of classification is expected to base on the different methods in an ideal way. In this way, we may clearly understand the limits and quality of educational services those institutions provide. In this presentation, firstly, there will be some information about the method and content of graduate education in studying religion in the USA and UK. Secondly, we will compare these institutions in the USA and UK with those in our country. This way, this presentation will be helpful to whoever wants to study religion in these countries and whoever wants to know comparatively about the present situation of studying religion in our country.

More...