Добрият философ
It is an essay on the characteristics of a philosopher’s personality. For the author making philosophy is a creative art.
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It is an essay on the characteristics of a philosopher’s personality. For the author making philosophy is a creative art.
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The generation of so-called digital natives assumes the paradox of having a series of competences for which they have not been trained: those related to transmedia and digital communication. Their context and their surroundings make them prone to an everyday and effective use of nwe technologies, but not necessarily reflective, mature and appropriate. This article presents an analysis on the crossing of competences related to Transmedia Communication and those that have to do with Critical Thinking. Its fusion is what we have called Transmedial Thinking. To this aim, a case study has been taken as a reference, the Guidance Project by the Pompeu Fabra University, in Barcelona. Through it, a series of university and secondary school students develop Transmedia and Critical Thinking skills that enable their personal and social empowerment.
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In Europe it is now out of the question to express any doubts regarding the prevention of violence against women. The majority of the Latvian population also condemns the physical abuse of women; however, the Istanbul Convention which deals with this matter was not ratified here. A number of factors were at play, the most significant of which was pressure exerted through the direct influence of a campaign that had been organised by opponents of the broadest understanding of human rights. Such pressure was exerted on decision makers (MPs and political parties), with indirect impact on the population via social media and the news media outlets. Campaigns by interest groups which spread opposing views are not unusual in a democratic society; however, in this case there was no discussion between the opposing parties. The public domain was not open to an interaction of views and beliefs based on arguments and critical thinking, as the argument of the opponents rested entirely upon their beliefs, whereas the supporters of the convention relied upon valid proof. This article looks at the reasons behind the failure in terms of group communication to establish a constructive discussion on a topic that was so essential to Latvian society: one which served to combat and eradicate violence against women. It also seeks to establish whether the use of an irrational form of convincing technique contradicts the logic of critical thinking, and whether the emergence of unfamiliar and/or incomprehensible concepts on the agenda of a public discussion may serve to put the brakes on the constructive discussion of women’s rights issues which is so essential today to Latvian society as a whole.
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Critical thinking and effective communication are indispensable skills in any professional setting in contemporary globalized and computerized society. The era of globalization and the Internet pose new challenges to education. On the one hand, people have immediate, global, and facilitated access to information. On the other hand, the increasing amount of information inevitably requires one to operate in a selective and analytical way, and to be able to critically evaluate the knowledge and information acquired. These abilities are instrumental in effective decision-making processes and complex problem-solving in the contemporary world. Moreover, critical thinking skills have a direct impact on fostering initiative, autonomy, and leadership. This paper argues for the relevance of scenario theory and practice for critical thinking. Scenario analysis has been used in complex planning domains, cybernetics, business organizations and in vocational education, but we suggest that this approach can also be used more widely in developing critical thinking. In this article, a scenario refers to a set or collection of projections of future events (Wall, 1983). By allowing the investigation of the ‘what if’ questions, scenarios make in-terpretations about the future and engage with the domains of the possible, probable and hypothetical. Indeed, scenarios allow us to envision possible futures and alterna-tives in a hypothetical course of events. Viewed through this perspective, scenarios could be included in the toolkit of critical thinking as self-reflective tools to assess the present. How, then, could imaginary scenarios enhance critical thinking? After an introduction about the concept of scenario, we will test the scenario-based ap-proach to critical thinking in a two-level analysis. We will first analyze the scenarios employed in a corpus about climate change awareness (NASA Global Climate Change and Yale Climate Connections) and climate change denial websites (Watts Up With That and Climate Depot). Thus, we will build on the research by Oreskes & Conway (2010), Dunlap (2013) and others on the communication of contested science. The Internet plays a central role in shaping public perceptions today and hence needs to be discussed seriously as a source of misinformation. We will ana-lyze how scenarios are used by the two competing interest groups. In the second phase of analysis, the results will be used to develop pedagogical advice for using scenarios in teaching critical thinking.
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The paper reflects on two main questions: "What is a political infantilism?", as well as - "Why do political people do evil?"
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The Roman law has been developed by the judicial protection of personal rights. The following text analyzes the nascency and the development of the Praetor’s institution, his activity related to the organization of the litigation and some other aspects in praetor’s activities, which help for the progress of the private law.
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Les photographies documentaires, mais aussi les photographies de presse, font appel à des femmes démunies en tant que personnages appropriés aux différents types d'illustrations de maux sociaux. L’attention portée à la situation précaire d’innombrables femmes devient un aspect récurrent chaque fois qu’il faut faire face à la précarité et à la pauvreté. Dans ce texte, nous observons comment les person-nages féminins sont décrits à partir d’une étude comparative des deux régimes: l’information et le documentaire. Nous avons cherché à comprendre comment leurs modes d'enregistrement permettent des expériences visuelles distinctes, ce qui attes-terait des changements dans leurs formes de représentation et de figuration dans la culture visuelle, mais principalement dans la manière dont ces femmes apparaissent. *** Documentary photographs, but also photographs of the press, refer to impoverished women as characters appropriate to the different types of illustration of social ills. The focus on the precarious situation of countless women becomes a recurrent aspect whenever one must deal with precariousness and poverty. In this text we observe how female characters are portrayed from a comparative study between two photographic regimes: the informative and the documentary. We sought to understand how their modes of representation and figuration enable distinct visual experiences, which would attest to changes in their forms of representation in the visual culture, but mainly in the ways these women appear.
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The mass media is a powerful and important instrument in the process of combating such a serious problem of the 21st century, as human trafficking. Covering this topic demands from representatives of journalism profession on having special experience and approaches, because it is connected with the process of difficult conversation with victims and accomplices of trafficking. It is on the one hand, but on the other hand – it is relative with intercourse with the representatives of law enforcement and power structures. Additionally, there is a row of characteristics and specifies of work with the sources of information, about which every journalist must be aware who is specializing on this topic, that was considered here. The article demonstrates the content analysis of these factors at the example of the materials of such newspapers and magazines of Russia as “Ogonyok” (“Light”), “Argumenti i fakti” (“Arguments and facts”), “Mir novostey” (“World of news”), “Migraciya XXI vek” (“Migration XXI century”) for 2009-2017 which were selected by the author.
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I analyze here process-relations in time experience. My thesis is that McTaggart’s series A and B are process-relations. I demonstrate how McTaggart’s unreality thesis should be replaced by a relativity thesis: Series A and B are relations of processes: asymmetrical and ordered. The coordinate system of time experience is centered in our living body, in its life process, which is directed against entropy increasing: biological arrow. From that flowing position we first experience series of events and they all are ordered in direction past–present–future. From the same position we experience a “backflow”: we first expect, then perceive, and then remember an event in a series: future–present–past. Life process, directed against entropy increasing, which I call “biological arrow” is basic explanation of time experience. Time as such does not exist – only processes (series of states) exist. I suggest some small experiments to demonstrate my main points and to argue against the transcendental phenomenology of “time consciousness”.
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The question “What next?” is a key one to all philosophical theories that consider causality, continuum, discontinuity, potentiality, and, more generally, probability. The notion of "cause" (aitia) and the rigid causality are based on what was said in the Fifth Book of Aristotle's Metaphysics, but ancient atomists, especially Plato, introduced the possibility of free "bifurcation of consequences", of symmetry and asymmetry of "next", which commence from an absolute new beginning. The principle of an absolute new beginning follows the interpretation of the myth of the deluge in De sapientia Veterum (1609) by Francis Bacon. The "logical pluralism" of numerous cause and effect relationships as well as the continuity principle (as formulated by Leibniz) are encompassed in two ciphers in accordance with the classical definition of cipher by Karl Jaspers. The cipher “sameness” and the cipher “change” suggest that we ask ourselves once again about Aristotle's "probable impossibility", and the starting point is the little-known myth of Dionysus, torn to pieces and restored to a new body thanks to his heart, as well as the creation of humanity from the ashes of the stricken Titans.
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Through an analysis of the movie “Love man love woman” directed by Nguyễn Trinh Thi en 2007, our paper will examine how the media performance allows to demystify the “sacred destiny” fiction of the transgender male mediums within worship of Mother-Goddesses in Vietnam. This analysis is part of the gender performance perspective as well as the semio-pragmatic approach of the media narrative. It is placed in a broader context of hegemonic culture and the mediatization of normative heterosexual discourse.
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The system-forming significance of philosophical education in the system of humanitarian and technological knowledge, as well as the determining influence of philosophical culture and worldview on the system of meaning and the phenomenon of vitality, is updated in the information society. This problem is especially acute in situations of existential crises especially. The co-authors apply an integrative methodology for combining psychological and philosophical discourses, relying on the conceptual and methodological apparatus of researchers – both psychologists and philosophers, and sociologists. The fundamental existential significance of philosophical worldview in the system of education and training leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to restore the status of philosophical knowledge as an integrative component of educational culture. The considered philosophical sociological and psychological aspects of existential values will help to reveal the axiological potential of the person, which is realized in the process of education and professional activity.
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Many of Ernst Cassirer’s later works are concerned with the dangers of political myth. His analysis speaks at length about the role of philosophy during the rise of the Third Reich, and Cassirer argues that philosophers failed to combat the dominant ideology. Today, philosophers struggle to explain their relevance to greater public and governmental powers that see no intrinsic value. Given the current political situation in the US, we find ourselves at a crossroads as philosophers. We can either retreat and remain within the comforts of academia, or we can take up arms against dangerous and divisive political forces. If we take Cassirer’s prescriptions seriously, we must choose the latter. Fortunately, philosophy has not disappeared from public consciousness completely. An emerging theme in contemporary cultural studies is the exploration of connections between humour and philosophy. I argue we ought to take advantage of the status of the comedian as public philosopher, and for philosophers to take seriously the political power of comedians. To do this responsibly, I analyse a portion of Cassirer’s work that has been widely ignored in scholarship – his understanding of the politics and morality of humour. By analysing these passages in relation to Cassirer’s later works, we are given the tools to understand the power of humour in political discourse, as well as the responsibility of that power. I argue that “joking responsibly”, for Cassirer, means to reveal the motives and values which underlie sophistry, particularly the sort which lends itself to political manipulation.
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In this article, we look at the genre of the manifesto and its possible uses in high school. First, we point out some basic characteristics of this type of text and link them to the idea of a “form of rebellion”. Second, we make a connection between teaching literature in school with teaching the literary events and facts as part of the so-called literary narrative, i.e., putting the phenomena into the larger framework of what is happening in the cultural context of the observed period. We propose a possible way of teaching the manifesto, based on an example of the aesthetico-theoretical work of Geo Milev, having in mind that the author has texts with the characteristics of a manifesto, not complete manifestos.
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With his innovative spirit, daring to the point of risk, including that of a self-mannerism, Călin-Horia Bârleanu, an academic from the University of Suceava tries, through his excellent study Strigătul lui Benjy. Contribuţii asupra tipologiei idiotului în literatură [Benjy’s Howl. Contributions on the typology of the idiot in literature], an ontological decipherment, i.e. from the perspective of the “speculative theories about the ultimate essences or principles of all things” (MDA, 2010), which would premeditatedly avoid the “harmony of words, so deceptive and by which the trust, as a form of faith, has been emptied of any content”(p. 344), of “the typology of the patient with diminished mental capacity, real and equally projected on him” (p. 204), starting from and analyzing Faulkner's novel The Sound and the Fury, in which the typological character “is, among the resonant forms of the archetype, an entity as palpable as the fear of the dark or the obsessive «devouring jaws», because it represents and it is described by the American writer as a unique form of manifestation and communication”(p. 344), following “the unique typology of Benjy’s projections” especially “through the psychoanalytic lens or the Jungian psychology”(p. 78).
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The aim of this paper is to provide a general overview of the most relevant empirical works in recent years focused on contrastive and applied phraseology to didactics of Spanish as a foreign language in both international and Romanian fields. We reflect on controversial issues such as the appropriate level for introducing the idiomatic component in the classroom, the creation and organization of a phraseological database, the relevant criteria for developing materials and the typology of activities. Moreover, we analyze the role of lexicographic sources and the theories of curricular documents, aiming to provide general methodological considerations with educational implication.
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The recent mass culling of mink in Denmark and elsewhere, following the animals’ contamination by a COVID-19 variant, is taken as a re-entry point into Derrida and Lacan’s mink-mediated conversation in The Beast and the Sovereign. Out of the etymological ‘stink’ attached to the mink emerges an animot gifted with (unlimited) ink, with a potential to disturb philosophies of language, to write back or strike back, as it has recently done in the form of alignments of dead yet resurfacing animals. In the wake of Derrida’s verbal disseminations around the vison, and of Lacan’s attribution of a ‘sort of language’ to the animal in The Formations of the Unconscious, this essay follows an animal pack with includes the 17 million mink programmed for (double) extinction by inhumation and cremation. A hauntology follows, adumbrated by Lacan’s interest in the ‘secretion’ of fur, mink oil and (psychoanalytic) sense, and by Derrida’s encounter with the neoliberal, crypto-vison Alain Minc in 1994.
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This article analyses the appearance of insects in Polish literature of the mid-socialist period. It will elaborate a post-humanist perspective on the peaking presence of flies, wasps, bugs or worms in literary texts both as a motif and as an aesthetic strategy. The article investigates the way the deployment of insects in and through the text modulates the view of and the perspective on their human fellows, and how these modulations can be traced to the social reality of the socialist 1960s and 1970s.
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The cultural diversity and the culture of plural coexistence becomes the global problem of existence. Mutual penetration and leveling of the boundary having divided the world into Other and Own is relevant, as it challenges identity in the conditions of openness and unification. Own culture is able to reveal its potential and present its essential features and original character only in the context of a different cultural dimension. The complex intertwinings, connections, influences of the cultures of different peoples and their worldviews in a single world cultural space are illuminated by the dialogue. Dialogue determines the nourishing interaction, which allows to get richer by knowing the unique, valuable experience of the Other, to expand the horizons of one’s own existence. The atmosphere created by the dialogue is marked by humanism, implies the dignity and the right of each participant to argue their own point of view, therefore, to use their own intellectual abilities, knowledge and values.
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The present paper focuses on the desideratum of interlinguistic and interdiscursive contrastivity, delineated by Zofia Bilut-Homplewicz in 2013. Both types of contrastivity are presented with reference to linguistic research on the migration discourse in Poland and Germany. As a starting point, the author outlines interlinguistic and interdiscursive contrastivity. What follows is a comprehensive account of the comparative variables such as ≫migration, migration discourse, linguistic research on migration discourse≪ – each of which is discussed in relation to Poland, Germany or Germanspeaking countries and the Polish and German research. Within the framework of an interdiscursive and interlinguistic comparison, the focus of attention is particularly on the concept of topos and its operationalisation in both research areas.
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