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The aim of the article is the economic evaluation of the effects of interventionism on the agricultural land market in the light of the Austrian school of economics theories. The analysis refers mainly to the policy of forming the agricultural system, which constitutes a specialised type of a land allocation policy. The essence of the Austrian school economists’ view on interventionism boils down to the fact that it introduces coercion in place of voluntary cooperation. This leads to the redistribution of wealth and a general decline in social productivity.
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Most important factors influencing the choice of organic food in different countries are described and characterized. Among the attributes of organic food, the importance of its safety is indicated, particularly with respect to health and the environment. Other factors underlying consumer’s market decisions are outlined, such as socio-demographic and economic considerations, seasonal supply of organic food and ethnocentric attitudes. We propose a thesis that at the roots of stagnation in the development of organic agriculture and organic products market in Poland lay insufficient environmental consciousness and education.
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Sustainable development of the Ukrainian agrarian sector: perspectives and challengesReleased OnThursday, 05 July 2018Author(s)Liubov Mykhailova ORCID , Natalia Stoyanets ORCID , Andrii Mykhailov ORCID ,Tetiana Kharchenko ORCID , Hrabrin Bachev ORCIDDOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(3).2018.03Article InfoVolume 16 2018, Issue #3, pp. 28-39TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯ73 Views 7 Downloads Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International LicenseSustainable development of the Ukrainian economy is rather complicated, extraordinary and controversial task for Ukraine. By fulfilling the obligations assumed by the world community to implement the main provisions of sustainable development, Ukraine undergoes comprehensive structural transformations, which undoubtedly have a significant impact on the development of its agrarian sector. Administrative and territorial reform is one of the major structural changes, which is taking place at the present time and has a direct impact on the agrarian sector development. The research is aimed at deepening the methodological principles for predicting the effectiveness of new institutes and rules caused by agrarian and structural transformations in the national economy, as well as substantiating the cluster model of sustainable development of the agrarian sector.The provision of the economic theory of “path dependence” is the methodological basis of the research. In the article, based on a combination of theoretical and empirical methods, the transformation of the state of the socio-economic system, which is conditioned by the introduction of a new rule in implementing the reforms, is researched. Under these conditions, the effect of hysteresis may arise – the new rule can fall into the institutional trap and stay in it even when perturbations often disappear.Given the analysis of the current implementation of the sustainable development model in the agrarian sector, the authors focus on combining the efforts of management bodies, socially responsible business and rural population and substantiate the need to improve the system of functional environment, which should be based on the cluster concept of development. It is precisely the cluster structure that will ensure the effectiveness of production relations between market agents, minimize the emergence of ineffective institutions and reduce the likelihood of institutional traps in the future.
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The article describes the problem of rural green tourism in Ukraine as cultural phenomenon, specifies a concept of «rural green tourism», outlines directions of its socio-cultural planning on basis of examples, which show favorable preconditions for planning of rural green tourism and offer primary measures to providing of priority of development of this segment of sphere of tourism.
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The natural and anthropogenic potentials (conditions and resources) are represented development basis of each community as well as Sjenica. The influence of nature is particularly exposed here, because that is a specific landscape also known as a Serbia roof. Climate, high altitudes, specific old fashionable agriculture, richness in hydro potential and etc., have very unique part in development plans, spatial planning and planning of some infrastructure corridors on the Serbia and Montenegro territory. Sjenica has very well preserve natural conditions, although it is not followed with abdicative conservations measurements and planning documents.
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Village renewal, originally, is an innovative concept of rural areas development, which is manifested by, among others, a bottom-up approach, an empowerment of rural communities or an appreciation of the rural itself. Nevertheless, village renewal projects in Poland do not possess these attributes – practice is far beyond theory. Because of the recognised gap, the aim of the article was to answer the following questions: (1) How much are the village renewal projects in Poland innovative? (2) What factors decide about innovativeness in the village renewal projects? (3) Does village renewal practice in Poland allow to realise real innovative projects? In the article a set of methods has been applied (including case study, expert evaluation or analysis of lay discourse). Social infrastructure projects were dominant in the group of analysed projects. Only app. 2% of the analysed projects can be labelled as innovative. Due to their limited number, it is difficult to point out factors which lead to innovation; however, it can be assumed that abandoning a typical way of thinking about external funding and a proactive approach can be one of them. The institutional and financial conditions, which villages are settled in, counteract the innovations since they are non-standardised and “unsafe” for the previously-consolidated status quo reflected by relations between local elites, power and a local community. // Odnowa wsi, w założeniu, stanowi innowacyjną (na tle tradycyjnych) koncepcję rozwoju obszarów wiejskich, co przejawia się m.in. w oddolności podejmowanych inicjatyw, upodmiotowieniu społeczności wiejskiej czy w docenieniu zalet wsi, wynikających z faktu bycia wsią. Niemniej, mająca w Polsce miejsce praktyka wskazuje, że owe cechy odnowy wsi nie są materializowane w postaci realizowanych projektów. Innymi słowy, istnieje wyraźna rozbieżność między tym, czym odnowa wsi jest w teorii (naukowej), a czym w praktyce (projektowej). W związku z powyższym celem pracy była odpowiedź na pytania: (1) W jakim stopniu projekty odnowy wsi w Polsce są innowacyjne? (2) Co decyduje o innowacyjności projektu odnowy wsi? (3) Czy praktyka odnowy wsi w Polsce pozwala na wdrażanie innowacyjnych rozwiązań? W pracy zastosowano różnorodne metody, m.in. studium przypadku, ocenę ekspercką, czy analizę dyskursu potocznego. Spośród realizowanych projektów odnowy wsi dominują te dotyczące infrastruktury społecznej. Jedynie około 2% ogółu projektów posiadało znamiona innowacyjnych. Z uwagi na ich niewielką liczbę trudno wskazać czynniki decydujące o ich innowacyjności; niemniej można przypuszczać, że jednym z nich było pewne „wyłamanie się” beneficjentów z typowego sposobu myślenia o środkach zewnętrznych. Otoczenie instytucjonalno- finansowe wsi, dążąc do podtrzymania dotychczasowego stanu równowagi w relacjach lokalne elity – władza – społeczność lokalna, przeciwdziała realizacji innowacji, które są rozwiązaniami niestandardowymi, nietypowymi, uznając jednocześnie, że projekty sztampowe są „bezpieczniejsze”.
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The article depicts methods of measuring innovation in agriculture proposed by international organizations such as the World Bank, as well as by foreign authors. The following indicators are included: share of farmers who have tried/adopted some new natural resource management techniques (e.g. soil erosion control, water harvesting), the share of farmers who have tried/adopted new agricultural production practices (e.g. new crop variety or livestock breed). The aforementioned indicators replace commonly used ones. Classical indicators of the agricultural sector include agricultural sector growth rates and total factor productivity. The growth rate of the agricultural sector is an important indicator of the sector’s potential. Increase in agricultural productivity is a major driver of agricultural growth and is an important measure of agricultural competitiveness. These indicators are of course useful, but AIS (Agricultural Innovation Systems) suggests that using indicators based on innovation processes is more comprehensible. They are able to measure smallholder innovation processes, including experimentation with new plant varieties and other knowledge and technology generated from local or foreign sources. Measurement results include a number of product or process innovations, which farmers tried or adopted. The article is based on mainly foreign literature, describing measurement indicators of agricultural innovations.
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This article deals with the prospects and trends of crop production development in Ukraine, as well as the methods and ways of supporting this industry by the state. According to the article, the primary objective of the state is to create conditions through the reallocation of resources and facilitate the introduction of new forms of economic activity in the regions, which are depressed in terms of agriculture today. It is noted that to justify the need for institutional changes in crop production we must take into account the appropriate specifics of agricultural production in some areas. The article reports that, a large number of similar types of agricultural enterprises, unlike in other sectors of the economy, allow us to group the results of their activity: in terms of forms of management, on a territorial basis or according to other types of fe-atures for further comparative analysis. Therefore, the article offers the crop production regions clustering in certain areas, to determine which areas need the state aid priority. It is noted that in terms of crop production it is possible to increase the efficiency of agricultural activity due to a better use of agricultural land, as well as by an increase in average crop yield per 1 hectare. Therefore, it is offered to use the integral index of crop production position of each region, based on the ratios of extensive and intensive load. The extensive load factor represents the degree of agricultural land use.The intensive load factor reflects the effectiveness of land fund usage, that is, the average yield, which is produced from the agricultural land of the same region. However, the average yield cannot directly serve as the basis for calculation, because the structure of the sown area of each region is heterogeneous. In this study, while calculating the intensive load factor, it is offered primarily to carry out the procedure of yield rate normalization for each group of crops separately. Using the method of integral estimation of crop development, the autor has made an appropriate ranking of Ukraine regions according to the area of sown crops in Ukraine, based on which 4 sectors of Ukraine areas have been allocated and grouped by crop production development level. The article goes on to give the recommendations for decision making supporting investments and state aid for each of the selected sectors to further develop crop production in the regions of Ukraine.
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Family businesses constitute the world’s most common form of doing business. In Poland, small and medium enterprises constitute up to 40% of the fruit and vegetable processing market. Many of these enterprises are family-owned. The article analyzes the financial statements of companies from the fruit and vegetable processing industry. The aim of the study was to assess the structure of financing and the financial results of selected family enterprises belonging to the fruit and vegetable processing industry. The obtained results indicate that family enterprises from the fruit and vegetable industry had better profitability of operations in comparison to the entire industry. Only the value of liquidity ratios, which indicate a loss of liquidity by the analyzed companies, may raise concerns.
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Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.
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Local development is a process linked to a set of capabilities, focusing on the relationship between people and public and private organizations, also on the capacity of articulation with the environment. The area under study, the municipality of Comandante Andresito (northeastern province of Misiones-Argentina), is based mainly on primary production, with strong growth of livestock, mate, palm and other annual products, but with a high percentage of small producers (smallholders) who work the land by hand with little applied technology and the inclusion of family labor including child labor, with many difficulties in accessing markets of high levels, unmet basic needs and little interaction between local actors. The aim of this paper is to create a space for reflection on the importance of coordination of all local actors to generate local development and analyze what is the scope of assistance from the Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) for the implementation of joint actions, aimed at solving socio-economic problems.
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In this article the authors have substantiated the formation of the resource potential of agrarian enterprises on the basis of compliance with the requirements of ecological and economic security. The authors define the concept of "resource potential of an agrarian enterprise" and considered the constituent structure of resource potential. The definition of "ecological and economic security of activity of agrarian enterprises" was given. It is determined that the establishment of ecological and economic security in the activities of agrarian enterprises will promote the production of organic products, will create conditions for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises. The study of the connection and interaction of elements of the resource potential of agrarian enterprises with the constituent elements of ecological and economic security was carried out. As a result of the study, the scheme of formation of resource potential of agrarian enterprises based on the requirements of ecological and economic security was proposed and grounded. The main problems, which hinder the formation of ecologically safe economic development of agrarian enterprises, and, accordingly, have a negative influence on the formation of their resource potential. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectic method of cognition and the systematic approach to the study of the problem of the formation of resource potential. In carrying out the research were applied general scientific methods: abstract-logical, monographic, generalization.
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In the paper we have started from the supposition that Croatian agricultural policy in its elements (policy objectives, measures and methods, stakeholders, results), has been transformed due to the impact of the world food market enlargement and economic globalization. Priorities, forms and dynamics of intervention have been changed, which was in the past decade enriched by a new dimension: the introduction of the concept of sustainable development of rural areas. The emphasis of the analysis is on the price and subsidy policy that makes up the skeleton of the agricultural policy during the entire analyzed period.
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The purpose of the paper is to show the insignificance of the so-called liberal capitalist economy and offer a new market-profitable way of production and distribution of goods based on natural the paradigm of the theory of economics. The statement and the solution of the test task of the economy (my personal interpretation) and the algorithm for calculating the gradation of salaries, the material base of which is the annual gross harvest of cereals, hay, vegetables and fruits in Ukraine, is also outlined. The algorithm of the test task provides an opportunity to control the annual productivity of labor in Ukraine.
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The paper focuses upon the predictive validity of Chrastinová’s CH-Index and Gurčík’s G-Index devised for predicting financial distress of Slovak agricultural enterprises and confronts them with Altman's bankruptcy formula. Its aim is to verify whether these out-dated models preserve their usefulness in newer conditions of Slovak agribusinesses and whether they may be improved by redefining the cut-off points used in separating distressed and non-distressed enterprises. Using a data sample on Slovak agricultural enterprises for the period from 2009 until 2013, it is ascertained that the G-Index with redefined cut-off points may be tentatively recommended for financial distress prediction showing a balanced trade-off between distress and non-distress prediction accuracy.
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The study presents analysis of supply chains for agricultural products in EU countries. Supply chains are sets of interrelated production and trade economic activities, carried out in a specific sequence. In the agrifood sector, the chains encompass activities carried out at the farm level and then continued during primary and secondary processing and distribution to final recipients. The aim of the article is to analyze diversity of economic results and changes in labour productivity dynamics in individual sectors of the supply chain in the EU member states in years from 2008 till 2016. The findings have shown that economic results of individual sectors in the supply chain of food products differ substantially both along the supply chain and between individual EU countries.
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In Nigeria, several advocacies have been raised in different fora over time thatagriculture is capable of reducing poverty in the country. An attempt to empiricallyvalidate the above argument has generated a policy mix in the literature. Therefore,further empirical investigation about this subject matter becomes imperative.Consequently, the study utilized the DOLS and Granger Causality Approach to addressthe objective of this study. However, the principal findings that emerged in this study areas follows: in the long run, there is a significant positive relationship between theemployment in agriculture and poverty level, inflation rate and poverty level have anegative relationship with each other. Meanwhile, agricultural output causes asignificant reduction in the poverty level. Also, one-way feedback relationship runs from agricultural output to the poverty level in the country. Based on the findings thatoriginated in this study, this paper makes the following recommendations for thepolicymakers, future researchers and all the stakeholders in the agricultural sector inNigeria that agricultural output has the capacity to reduce poverty level in the country.This implies that when poverty reduction is the target of the policymakers in the country,manipulating agricultural output will induce the reduction in poverty level in the longrun. Also the government should possess political goodwill to revamp agricultural sector.
More...Implementation of Agriculture Cadastre in an Administrative Territory
The importance of the general cadastre is that it provides the real-world data of a real-estate needed in all branches of the national economy. At the same time, the cadastre is a very important tool for market economy because it provides documents that give security to transactions that take place on the real estate market. The attributions of the agricultural cadastre are the basis for obtaining information on the quantity and quality of the land, serving as a purpose to solve financial problems such as investments, modernization, taxation and the other like this. The realization of the agricultural cadastre at national level is made by determining the parcel areas, taking into account the land use categories, the holders, the owners, the forms of exploitation and the administrative territories, this thing being possible by drawing up the agricultural cadastral plan and the writable cadastral documentation based on technical norms and instructions.
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