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The paper analyses the Polish government’s actions to support Polish studies units abroad and examines the relationships between these units and institutions in Poland. It aims to understand the forms and scope of support offered to Polish studies units and to explain why public diplomacy actions also target the Polish diaspora. The analysis is based on official documents related to public diplomacy and Polish diaspora policy, as well as the results of an empirical study conducted among representatives of Polish institutions responsible for promoting the Polish image abroad and representatives of Polish studies units. The conclusions indicate the heterogeneity of these units and differences in support for units in the East and the West. In the case of units operating in former Soviet Union countries, Polish diaspora policy dominates, aiming to maintain connections between local Polish communities and Poland. In the West, support for Polish studies units stems from both Polish diaspora policy and public diplomacy.
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The changing character of diasporas and states’ politics intersect with new challenges in the policymaking process. This study aims to investigate the priorities and hardships of the diaspora education policies in Poland and Lithuania. The study applies the three-dimensional approach (Lesińska, Popyk 2021) to study diaspora policy and draws on qualitative research with the diaspora state institution representatives in the two countries. This paper compares the role of diaspora education policy in a broader policy context, alongside presenting the challenges, namely “socio-demographic”, “methodological”, “political” and “financial”, that state institutions face while ensuring education for the young members of diasporas. It contributes to the scholarship on diaspora policies studies by presenting how state institutions approach and govern the relationships with young diasporas through ensuring education and support social and cultural life of diaspora schools.
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This article aims to outline the activities of the Emigration Museum in Gdynia (Polish abbrev. MEG) inbuilding relations with the Polish diaspora and maintaining Polish identity among Poles and peoplewith Polish ancestry living abroad. Its main thesis is that the MEG, as a comparatively small institution, has a relatively large potential for shaping symbolic and identity ties with the Polish diasporaand could potentially be an important actor for activities undertaken in this sphere, implementedas part of a broadly defined policy with regard to and for Poles living abroad. The article consistsof an introduction, three main sections and a conclusion. In the first section, we briefly define thediasporic policy in its subject and object dimensions, present selected concepts that typify this policy, and point out the role of culture and cultural institutions in building symbolic and identity tieswith the diaspora. The second section was devoted to presenting the history, circumstances of theestablishment and organizational basis of the Emigration Museum in Gdynia. The museum, although technically a self-government cultural institution, is the first and only museum in the country to show the history of emigration from Poland and Polish lands in a comprehensive way. Sectionthree, on the other hand, focuses on showcasing selected MEG activities in forming symbolic andidentity ties with the Polish diaspora.
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The Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America (PIASA) in its eight decades of history frequently collaborated with organizations of other ethnic groups in the U.S., particularly with academic and cultural organizations of East and Central Europe diasporas. Among them strong ties have been established with Ukrainian organizations, especially the Shevchenko Scientific Society and the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences. The paper describes levels and forms of institutional cooperation. It tries to answer the following questions: was this collaboration accidental or rather resulting from PIASA’s long-term vision and goals? In what fields partners managed to build joint representation?
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These emigrants created a number of diasporas inhabiting the border zones with the USSR. The Soviet authorities treated these communities as hostile, and the hermetic nature of the Soviet border meant that contact between the diasporas and the country of origin was negligible. With thecollapse of the USSR and the opening of the borders of the diaspora, they began to play an essential role in the so-called ethnic revival of minorities in Russia. The incorporation of previously demonized, disloyal, and hostile frontier communities required the introduction of new discourses and representations in local public histories. On the example of the Buryat diaspora in China, the article shows the process of including diasporas in the field of ethnic politics in Siberia and negotiating their social status in contemporary Russia.
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Introduction: Bio-active debris of history, part II. How to remember the ruins?
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Ruderal ecologies can be regarded as places where more-than-human actants start to operate. In this article, places abandoned by a man, are called “prospective ruination” to emphasize the verb of decomposition function and to reorient the cognitive perspective of decay into the future, understood as a new human and more-than-human ruderal assemblages of culture-natures. The author of this text truly believes, that providing this kind of view, expands the Polish imaginary related to the rubble, reorienting the perspective of decay, to the vibrant more-than-human agencies and forces. The subject of the research reflection on ruderal ecologies (Caitlin DeSilvey), which constitute a. living archive, is Karolina Grzywnowicz’s project Weeds exhibited in 2015 at Zachęta in Warsaw. By introducing the term “biomnemonic witness” (gr. Mnemosyne, goodness of memory), the author emphasizes the subjectivity of the plant kingdom and its floral agencies in creating cultural and biological entanglements. The coda of the sketch problematizes the notion of a living archive and determines the trajectory of getting out of the anthropocentric cognitive impasse.
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Things of the Warsaw Ghetto - a conversation about the agency, materiality and vitality of archaeological monuments as museum objects
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Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Metapherngebrauch in deutschsprachigen Online-Automobilzeitschriften untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Humanisierungsmetaphern, die eine wichtige Rolle bei der Konzeptualisierung von Maschinen und somit auch Autos spielen. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Fokussierungsmerkmale in Humanisierungsmetaphern überwiegen und wie sich das auf deren Funktionspotenzial auswirkt. In der Arbeit wird von der These ausgegangen, dass konzeptuelle Metaphern unsere Wirklichkeitswahrnehmung maßgeblich gestalten und in Form eines ‚Denkstils‘ tradiert werden. Dieser Umstand wird in der Automobilbranche als Werbe- und Verkaufsstrategie erfolgreich umgesetzt. Die Analyse hat konkrete Denkmuster ergeben, die sich hinter bestimmten Fokussierungsmerkmalen verbergen und zu Werbezwecken eingesetzt werden können.
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The article explores the role played by Aurelian Sacerdoţeanu in the organization, management, and modernization of the State Archives. It also shows how these processes triggered the consolidation of archival science in Romania. First, I analyze the administrative activity of Aurelian Sacerdoţeanu at the helm of the State Archives. Second, I address his scientific work and the contributions he made to Romanian archival science. The historical period under consideration (1938-1953) was marked by major political and social changes. Thus, the study of Sacerdoţeanu’s administrative and academic work offers valuable insight on the broader transformation of the historical field during these turbulent years.
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This paper deals with the gender variable in realization of directive speech acts, such as requests, suggestions, advice etc. The sample for this small-scale research consists of 328 instances of directive speech acts which are excerpted from the transcripts of selected dialogues of the popular US sitcom Friends and five American feature-length films. Directive speech acts are analyzed using Blum-Kulka et al’s classification (1989) and divided into three broad categories– direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventionally indirect with many subcategories. The focus of this paper will be on direct strategies typically expressed with imperatives and on conventionally indirect directives usually expressed with interrogative sentences which include a suggestory formula and preparatory strategies, with special emphasis on their use in male and female language. The goal of the paper is to analyze and compare gender preferences in using different strategies for the realization of directives, with the assumption that women will be more thoughtful of the hearer’s face and use indirect forms more frequently than men. This is in line with Holmes’s (1995) characterization of women’s speech as more polite than men’s. The paper will analyze the use of these directive strategies in F-F interactions, M-M interactions, M-F interactions and F-M interactions. The illustrative examples will be analyzed using the theory of speech acts and politeness theory, using qualitative, quantitative and comparative research methods.
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Located at 147 kms from Athens, in the heart of the Argolid plaine, Nauplie, Nafplion in Greek, is also known as Anapli, a seaside town from the north East of Peloponnese, built on a rocky peninsula and washed by the Argolid Gulf. The town of Nauplie represents a remarkable case of study for a historian as we are dealing with the former capital of the independent Greek state from 1830 to 1834, until it became a provincial town once the state capital was transferred to Athens. This rank in the administrative hierarchy of the Kingdom had a great deal of influence on its demographic evolution and also on the structure of its population. Besides, Nauplie has at its disposal wide archive resources, a rare asset in Greece. It should be noted that a variety of key resources such as population census, civil or religious registries, the dimotologia also known as citizens’ registries and even polling lists remain underexploited. The potential exploitation of these last resources can enable to explore the demographic history of this town of Nauplie.
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The accelerated growth of information in our civilization favorably affects the existence of modern man. There have also been certain adverse consequences related to the natural and social environment, which negatively affect the various types of private security activity. It often takes place in extreme situations, which are made up of two global factors – danger and difficulty, and their integral functions are risk and effort. Overcoming extreme situations is achieved through adequate psychophysical readiness. Two approved methods are offered for the formation of adequate readiness – psychophysical relaxation and ideomotor modeling training.
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This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the relationship between regional development, tourism, and cultural corridors in particular; the methodology of researching this relationship, and presents an author's scheme for tourism planning pillars for the purposes of regional development.
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The article analyzes the relationship between education and poverty in isolated communities in Northwest Bulgaria. By using ethnographic methods, the main obstacles and motivations for continuing education in universities for children of Roma origin are highlighted. The focus of analyze is the social and cultural factors that characterize the environment and that have an impact on the educational process.
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The establishment and consolidation of the „people’s democracy” regime determined, after 1948, the radical change of the educational paradigm in a Romania that gravitated to Moscow’s sphere of influence. The imposition at the level of education of the Soviet pattern, foreign to the traditions of Romanian education (previously structured, for decades, according to broadly European models), induced deep damage to educational customs, deep interference in university autonomy or violation of freedom of conscience and human rights (in the conditions of the limitation, and in some cases of the suppression of religious education, the purges of the teaching staff and the numerous convictions, to which were submitted both teachers and students who had no other fault than that they were opposed to forced ideologization or that they came from families with „unhealthy” origins). To these was added the obvious introduction of multiple discriminations (short-circuiting the natural path of secondary education for proletarian elements, with „healthy” origin; the establishment of a system of schools and special courses with a shorter duration than that provided for in the education law entered into force in 1948, in order to obtain a coherent base of elements relatively prepared but favorable to the new regime; the changes of the posts in the educational system at the pleasure of the regime, the mass layoffs in order to discretionary re-employ only the elements selected by the new regime, while the others were reserved a unadapted workplace and inferior to the training received; the favoring, in the higher education admission competitions, of the scholarship holders of the popular councils and of the enterprises, who benefited from 80% of the available places, for the rest of the candidates, only 20% of the places planned for admission being allocated), so that not only the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or the right to freedom of opinion and expression were repeatedly violated, but also the right to equal protection against any discrimination, the right to free choice of work or the right not to be detained or arbitrarily arrested. The present study follows the evolution of educational policies in direct connection with the main norms that regulated the development of education in communism (the laws of 1948, 1968 and 1978), scoring for each moment the level of political interference and the degree of violation of democratic principles.
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For centuries, people around the world have risked their lives boarding unseaworthy ships and other watercraft in hopes of finding a better economic future, education, or fleeing war. Search and rescue services often depend on ships to assist those in distress deep in the sea. This first response and assistance is sometimes crucial to the survival of those in distress. In addition to sound and light signals, alarm notification is also carried out using modern communication technologies. This allows rapid and coordinated rescue operations to be carried out. Too often, however, search and rescue operations are impossible with the efforts of one country alone. In this sense, it should be noted that international cooperation is of key importance.
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The school is a place where multifaceted interaction takes place - physical, mental, informational, aesthetic, cognitive, creative. Applying a model for assessing and analyzing the components of an inclusive learning environment for children with special educational needs would greatly optimize the work of school teams for the benefit of all children. In the publication, I present the Inclusive Environment Assessment Tool, an adapted version of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education's Early Childhood Inclusive Education Environment Self-Assessment Tool.
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