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Dérivés suffixaux en -er, -iser et -isation: quel rythme, quelle vitalité ?

Author(s): Mihaela Lupu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In this paper we will show with examples that the French language has many lexical resources that allow it to adapt flexibly to the appearance of scientific, technical, conceptual, etc. novelties. Not only is French not “frozen”, as some voices are claiming, but it possesses the means to create new words, especially nouns and verbs, that complete the rich existing paradigms. The verbal suffixes -iser, rarely -er, as well as the noun suffix -isation, are very productive nowadays. The corpus that we will analyze in this paper consists mainly of titles of articles found in the present-day online press from France and French-speaking Switzerland. Beside the linguistic presentation of the new words, we will also mention if several French dictionaries available online have already integrated these words given their frequency on the Internet. The comparison between the use of the new words in the online press and their reception in different online dictionaries shows that in many cases the evolution of the language is faster than lexicographic policies.

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Gjuha e Gjon Buzukut nga këndvështrimi i gjuhësisë ballkanike

Author(s): Wilfried FIEDLER / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Libri i parë i gjuhës shqipe që kemi në dispozicion është “Meshari” i Gjon Buzukut. Ekzistenca e këtij libri ishte e njohur gjatë gjithë kohës kur gjuhësia merrej me gjuhën shqipe. Por i vetmi ekzemplar i librit kishte humbur, nuk mund të përdorej në kohën e hershme të albanologjisë shkencore, as edhe në periudhën klasike të kësaj filologjie që karakterizohet me emrat e Lambertzit, të Joklit e të tjerëve.

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La lettera <ë> come testimone della tradizione scritta albanese-arbëreshe e alcuni problemi riguardanti la sua odierna ortografia

Author(s): Bardhyl Demiraj / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

L’elaborazione scritta dell’albanese con l’alfabeto latino è riconosciuta nella historiografia della cultura albanese quale la più antica della scrittura albanese, la quale grazie al primo congresso albanologico nello spazio compatto albanofono (Manastir, novembre 1908), gode da più di un secolo lo stato dei simboli nazionali albanesi.

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Přednosti a omezení korpusové analýzy dvojjazyčného materiálu

Author(s): Aneta Čermáková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Příspěvek vychází z možností výzkumu na paralelních korpusech a soustředí se na problematiku korpusové analýzy dvojjazyčného materiálu spadající do oblasti kontrastivního studia jazyků. Nastiňuje dvě skupiny proměnných neboli faktorů ovlivňujících korpusovou analýzu na příkladu česko-ruského InterCorpu verze 15 a česko-ruského paralelního korpus NKRJa. Podrobněji se zabývá vybranými faktory a vyvozuje z nich přednosti a omezení dané analýzy

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Syntactic Complexity as an Indicator of Proficiency in Argumentative Essays

Author(s): Christopher Williams / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article outlines three approaches to measuring the syntactic complexity in L2 English writing – mean length-based, distance dependency, and the use of non-finite elements. Studies using these approaches are discussed, and areas for future research are discussed.

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Grammatical collocations in English exam texts written by Czech secondary-school students

Author(s): Věra Sládková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper focuses on the frequency and accuracy of five types of grammatical collocations G8E-G8I (Benson et al. 1986) in CZEMATELC, an English language learner corpus (8,338 types; 211,503 tokens) consisting of 1,841 English exam texts from the written part of the national school-leaving exams between 2015 and 2019. The findings reveal the prevalence of A1-A2 CEFR level colligations relying on a limited number of verb lemmas, a wide incorrect pattern variation and preference for patterns which are also the most frequent patterns of their Czech equivalents.

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Писмата образци в „Писменник общеполезен“ (1835) на Хр. Павлович в контекста на развитието на българския книжовен език (с оглед на синтаксиса)

Author(s): Diana Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The second quarter of the 19th century was associated with the initial construction of the New Bulgarian literary language, a period in which the Slavonic-Bulgarian type of language formation dominated, containing spoken and bookish elements in an unbalanced ratio. In the works of some authors, it is closer to the Church Slavic language, while in others – to common speech. The observations on the books Pavlovich wrote in the 1830s (arithmetic and grammar) show that they had the second, more liberal line of language construction. This article aims to defend this thesis by analyzing „Pismennik obshtepolezen“ (1835) at a syntactic level and to highlight the merits of the author in the affirmation of syntactical norms, which is a point of interest in view of the development of the Bulgarian literary language.

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Наблюдения върху синтаксиса на „Книга за писма“ от Стоян и Христо Караминкови от 1850 г.

Author(s): Stanislava Teofilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The proposed text is dedicated to a little-known book of letters (1850) by Stoyan and Hristo Karaminkovi. Preliminary remarks on the samples for commercial letters are presented, as the linguistic observations are made from the point of view of the more peculiar syntax – the correspondence is dominated by complex mixed sentences, realized in different varieties.

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Етикетни средства и клишета за учтивост в „Писмовниче“ (1870) от Стефан Попов и Петър Аврамов

Author(s): Nadka Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the proposed article, the grammatical and lexical means of expressing politeness are subjected to analysis by means of the descriptive analytical method, as are the clichés for ending in 60 sample letters, recommended in the ‘Pismovniche’ tutorial. The authors, Stefan Popov and Petar Avramov, advise using second-person pronouns and plural verbs in all letters addressed to parents, close relatives, and other people to whom students in grades 5 through 8 send letters. This recommendation is interpreted as being introduced by certain French sources used in compiling the tutorial; it is also influenced by trends in the last decade of the Bulgarian Revival. The lexical means of courtesy (address and title) are an episode of the gradual imposition of the titles Mr. and Mrs.; the vocative forms of nouns naming the addressees are a natural norm in the language. The clichés at the end of the letters help their addressees to master the art of correspondence.

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„Програма за събиранье образци по народната устна словесност и местни наречия“ (1868) на Теодосий Икономов в контекста на отворените писма в българския периодичен печат от третата четвърт на XIX век

Author(s): Maria Mitskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

During the second half of the 19th century, Bulgarian writers stressed the necessity of collecting and studying all Bulgarian dialects as one of the essential conditions of building a unified and common standard language. Feeling compelled to state their opinions openly by participating in the public debate, since the problems of the language were perceived as matters of paramount importance for the future development and well-being of the nation, they chose to voice their understandings by adopting the method of open letters. In this context, in 1868 the editor of the magazine “Obsht trud” Teodosij Ikonomov published his “Program for collecting samples of oral folk literature and local dialects”, which represents his “open letter” to the public concerned.

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За „малкия и среден бизнес“ в съвременния български език

Author(s): Zdravko Minchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present report treats the question of specific noun phrases with two or more adjectives obtaining the definite article in modern Bulgarian and analyses a common mistake usually made by native speakers in this respect. One such phrase is ‘the small and medium size enterprise’ which is a good illustration of the problem.

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Морфоструктура на глаголите от трето спрежение

Author(s): Desislava Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study aims to present and substantiate morpheme segmentation models of third conjugation verbs. In order to implement this task, the morphemes indicating the grammatical meanings of the verbs belonging to the studied formal class should be described. This brings to the fore the question of the coincidence of the aorist and the imperfect morphemes. It’s no accident that some linguists note that this coincidence is an obstacle to “distinguishing the two grammatical meanings”, which “suggests that we must think of a new morphology for these verbs” (Kutsarov 2011: 145). On the other hand, the verb bases for the third conjugation are formed with the help of different morphemes (compare: gled-a, pat-uva, kaz-va). In view of this, an attempt has been made to classify the bases.

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Семантика на интранзитивните глаголи, изразяващи пасивност

Author(s): Milena Vidralska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The interaction between passivity and transitivity has long been a point of interest among linguists. The traditional view of the relationship between the two is based on the idea that participial passive forms are most commonly formed by transitive verbs. Nevertheless, spoken language demonstrates a different linguistic phenomenon. In recent years there has been a tendency for verbs to shift from the class of intransitive verbs to the class of transitive, leading to a reconsideration of the ability of the newly-coined verb forms to form the passive voice. This paper studies passive forms that are comprised of non-reflexive intransitive verbs with the verb “to be”.

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За синтаксиса на емоциите

Author(s): Yovka Tisheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this article is to present observations on the syntactic structure of two of the verbs expressing positive feelings/emotional states: obicham (to love) and obozhavam (to adore). The valence frame of these verbs (also known as psychological verbs) comprises two arguments representing Experiencer and Theme (Object) of emotion. The possibilities for overt representation of thematic roles with two types of complements: noun phrases and subordinate clauses are analyzed. Obicham (to love) and obozhavam (to adore) belong to the subclass of stative predicates that allow for a stative reading only. In their argument structures that are analogous, the external argument represents Experiencer of emotion.

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Езикова реализация на предикативни конструкции за състояние

Author(s): Tsvetana Dimitrova,Maria Todorova,Valentina Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents a stage of the creation of a database with language material for the state predicative constructions in Bulgarian and Russian. The selection of the language material is based on a typology of the formal component structure made in a previous stage of the research. The presented observations on the frequency, distribution and correspondences of status predicates in Bulgarian and Russian are preliminary and were made on the basis of language material from related Bulgarian-Russian and Russian-Bulgarian texts within the Russian National Corpus.

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Синтактично описание на предикативите за физиологично състояние

Author(s): Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines the argument structure of constructions containing physiological-state predicative words in the contemporary Bulgarian language. The source material was extracted from the Bulgarian National Corpus and informal web communication. A comparison with corresponding stative verbs is made. The research reveals that the constructions under consideration include predicative adverbs (toplo, priyatno), predicative nouns (zhega) or predicative adjectives (gladen). Sentences containing explicit or implicit experiencer arguments are discussed along with the possibilities for expressing the stimulus and the locative argument as well as the constraints over complement sentences. The analysis of the empirical data leads to conclusions about the common argument structure of constructions with a predicative word denoting a physiological state.

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Към въпроса за адвербиалните локативни модификатори в съвременния български и руски език

Author(s): Olga Chaparova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article investigates the adverbial means of expression as a component of the functional-semantic field (abbreviated in the article as FSF) of locativity in contemporary Bulgarian and Russian. One of the ways to signal spatial relations is by using locative adverbs. In this study we take into consideration the symmetries and asymmetries in the system of locative adverbs in the two languages.

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Функционално-семантични паралели между английските прилагателни имена на -able/-ible и т.нар. сегашни страдателни причастия в съвременния български език

Author(s): Diana Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to trace the functional-semantic parallels between the English -able/-ible adjectives and the Bulgarian deverbatives ending in the suffix -м/-ем (-m/-em). It provides a comparison between the two groups based on examples from Bulgarian and English translations and illustrates their similarities and differences. The study attempts to answer the question to what extent the English -able/-ible adjectives and the Bulgarian present passive participles can be considered as functional-semantic equivalents.

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За глаголната форма hube cantado в съвременния испански език и нейните функционални еквиваленти в българския език

Author(s): Polina Tabakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The object of the present article is the verb form hube cantado in modern Spanish. The main goal is, through the method of comparative analysis, to present the systemic meaning of this “archaic” verb form, to discuss its place in the temporal system, to reveal which is its functional equivalents in Bulgarian and to expand the horizons of reflection on the issue.

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Изследване и коментар на избрани неточно предадени норвежки собствени имена на български език от сборника „Северни морски новели“

Author(s): Atanas Dobrev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current article deals with the problem of transcription, and more precisely – with the transcription of Norwegian proper names in Bulgarian, and features comments on the incorrect, in this writer’s opinion, adaptation of some of them. For this purpose excerpted material from book XV of the series „World Maritime Novellas“ – „Northern Maritime Novellas“ under the editorship of Georgi Valchev is being used, dealing with the Norwegian part, translated by Elena Kisimova and Stoyan Ikonomov respectively. In addition, certain features of the host language are mentioned, as well as the existence of traditionally established forms that deviate from today's rules of transcription.

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