We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

4.50 €

Meandros de gramática española: confluencias y diferencias entre oración y sintagma verbal

Author(s): José Manuel González Calvo / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

This paper affirms that the subject-predicate relationship is characteristic of the verb phrase, and not of the sentence. The subject is a syntactic function that is carried out within the verb phrase not outside it. If the sentence is defined as the sequence which includes the above-mentioned relationship, the concept of sentence would be redundant. However, there are strong differences between the two. The author of this paper argues that the sentence is a paradigmatic unit, as opposed to the verb phrase which is a category of the syntagmatic unit, the phrase. Furthermore, the sentence belongs to the declarative level of the textual part of grammar in contrast to the phrase (including the verb phrase) that belongs to the syntactic part of grammar. The concepts of sentence and phrase are thus both necessary but they do not converge.

More...

4.50 €

Panorama dialectal de los romances peninsulares entre los siglos XI y XV

Author(s): Janusz Pawlik / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The present paper has as a goal to present a panoramic view of the linguistic situation of the Peninsula in the Late Middle Ages. Based on written documents we are able to outline the process of evolution and the main characteristics of the five peninsular dialects descended from Latin, i. e.: Galician, Astur-Leonese, Castilian, Aragonese, Catalan. We also intend to roughly evaluate the popular opinion that it is Castilian which overtook in its evolution other medieval dialects of Latin.

More...

4.50 €

La autocensura como fenómeno pragmático

Author(s): José Portolés / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

In Pragmatics, censure is considered to be part of a triadic interaction, in which a third participant impedes or tries to impede communication between a sender and a receiver. In the case of self-censorship, one participant in the interaction, because of his understanding of mind theory, predicts what might constitute a threat to the ideology of the censor and try to avoid it. In such a situation, we can distinguish between the self-censorship of the sender of a message and that of the receiver. When the sender self-censures, as is most common, he or she may effect total censure – by avoiding, suppressing, or replacing the message – or may only effect partial censure, whereby he or she is limited to modifying the message to make sure the censor is not offended.

More...

4.50 €

«A la illvstrissima y excelentissima Señora»: algunas observaciones sobre los títulos honoríficos con -ís(s)imo en el español áureo

Author(s): Andrzej Zieliński / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the behaviour of honorific formulas with the superlative suffix -ísimo in the Spanish Golden Age (XV–XVII centuries). This period was selected because of the true case of “isimomania” attested in the texts from that periods. This paper will be focused only on two of the most frequent honorific treatments: ilustrissimo, as well as excelentissimo. With the help of a relatively large textual corpus, mainly from electronic database CORDE, the author will try to find the semantic, pragmatic and morphosyntactic reasons that led to its lexicalization in the Spanish language.

More...

4.50 €

La composición del léxico disponible en el área temática de ‘la ropa’

Author(s): Antonio María López González / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The lists of available lexicon of each language community sort words according to the availability index, which indicates the degree of ease with which a word comes to mind of the members of a community. However, beyond the hierarchy defined by this index, a qualitative analysis of the word lists shows a very varied lexical composition, which causes at the same time, different degrees of availability for each word. In this paper, taking as example the center of interest 02 ‘Clothes’, from the available lexicon of the province of Córdoba (Bellón Fernández, 2011), I analyze the composition of word lists, using three criteria: a) the value of the index of lexical availability, b) the lexicological description of lexical items, and c) the levels of language (styles).

More...

4.50 €

Montaje de una obra de teatro: experiencias con alumnos universitarios de ELE

Author(s): Nora Orłowska / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

In the presented paper, the author presents her own experience of working with learners of Spanish in the university. It also presents the advantages of using theatre as an activity to help in the foreign language class. Drama in education is an invaluable contribution to the development of oral communication competence in learners of foreign languages. It facilitates group interaction during the process of learning.

More...

4.50 €

Mechanizm interpretacji wypowiedzi zawierających aprobatę (na materiale języka polskiego, rosyjskiego i angielskiego)

Author(s): Artur Czapiga / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article is a pragmalinguistic analysis of utterances of approval. The proposed model of interpretation of this type of replies contains elements of both the context (sender, recipient, and network of social interdependencies between interlocutors) and explication of approval (positive evaluation of X, approval of X and/or its results). In order to check its effectiveness, an analysis was conducted of the pragmatic meaning of utterances with the lexeme OK in the Polish, Russian, and English languages.

More...

4.50 €

Ukraińska dialektyzacja językowa — przykłady i funkcje w literaturze

Author(s): Anna Krzywicka-Ustrzycka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The introduction of the following article focuses on the definition of the term dialectology and its role in language. The problem of distinction between terms “dialect”, “slang”, and ”spoken dialect” has been discussed. A classification of dialecticisms into phonetic, grammatical, and lexical forms has been proposed. The main part of the article includes examples of dialecticisms used in selected historical novels. They were briefly characterized (together with their etymology) and compared to other languages, contemporary Ukrainian among them. The final part discusses the purpose of the use of dialecticisms in literature and indicates their functions.

More...

4.50 €

Nauka, sztuka czy produkt rynkowy? Kilka uwag o miejscu leksykografii wśród dyscyplin lingwistycznych i nie tylko

Author(s): Maciej Labocha / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article addresses the status of lexicography. The author highlights certain terminological ambiguities that are encountered in lexicographic literature; he proposes an analysis of the term lexicography in the context of the philosophical understanding of science and art and characterizes lexicography as a set of dictionaries from the aspect of the market. He interprets all the three aspects of lexicography as the three interacting sides of one and the same phenomenon.

More...

4.50 €

Innowacje frazeologiczne i defrazeologizacja w rosyjskich aforyzmach z motywem biblijnym

Author(s): Alicja Mrózek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article is an attempt at a description of modifications of the phraseologisms of Biblical provenance used in Russian aphorisms. The foundation for the analysis was the classification of phraseological innovations proposed by Stanisław Bąba.

More...

4.50 €

Динамические изменения несклоняемых существительных в современном русском языке

Author(s): Zdeňka Nedomová / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author of this article focuses on the invariable nouns of foreign origin in the Russian language. She traces the origins of the category of invariable nouns and their further development in the morphological system of the Russian language. The author quotes the quantitative analysis and subject classification of this word class and describes the dynamics of its development in the early 21st century. Based on the gastronomic and sports terminology, she illustrates the changes in acquiring morphological gender by the invariable loan nouns in old and contemporary Russian.

More...

4.50 €

Wyznaczniki kohezji w wybranych gatunkach z zakresu prawa zobowiązań a doskonalenie kompetencji zawodowych tłumacza (na materiale języka polskiego i rosyjskiego)

Author(s): Anna Podstawska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of selected genres in contractual law which is currently in operation in the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation — contracts of commission, consignment and lease. The aim of the analysis was to indicate the ways of realization of cohesion in the above mentioned text genres. Four major indicators of cohesion were determined: the use of homogeneous verb forms, repetitions, conjunctions, and paralinguistic graphic means. The information about the determinants of textual cohesion and their functions can broaden the knowledge of the genre specificity of text. Such knowledge is useful for translators, who can consciously make use of means of cohesion specific for a genre, thereby improving the quality of translation and accelerating the translation process. The article also offers a review of contemporary linguistic studies on ways of achieving cohesion. These publications were a starting point for conducting this analysis.

More...

4.50 €

Struktura komunikatu audiowizualnego a wartościowanie (na materiale filmu animowanego)

Author(s): Jaśmina Śmiech / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article concerns the issue of evaluation in announcements. The object of studies is animated motion picture for children. Based on two contemporary Russian animations, evaluative strategies that use the visual aspect to strengthen, complement, interpret, or invalidate evaluation and to convey the independent content are analyzed.

More...

4.50 €

Strategie językowe trolli internetowych

Author(s): Jadwiga Tarsa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The anonymity of Internet users very often leads to the violation of netiquette rules. One of the groups of Internet users who violate the commonly accepted ways of communicating on the Internet are trolls posting provocative commentaries to start conflict. The most frequent result of their attempts is flame, which is a serious Internet argument loaded with spite. Among linguistic strategies used by trolls are the following: posting commentaries with a lot of intentionally misspelled words, generalizability, use of negative stereotypes, off-topic commentaries (that is starting threads unrelated to the topic of the article or post), emphasizing their own high material status, and disparagement of other Internet users.

More...

4.50 €

Полемика в сетевых СМИ: языковые особенности построения текста (на примере сетевого издания газеты «Известия»)

Author(s): Joanna Wasiluk / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article offers an analysis of polemic texts from the electronic version of the newspaper „Izviestija”. The texts have been divided into two groups. The first group is represented by genres which have dialogue characteristics, such as an interview; the second — by genres which have monologue characteristics, such as an article, commentary, and review. The source of study material is articles and commentaries. Particular attention is drawn to the linguistic resources employed by the authors to affect and persuade the reader towards their point of view.

More...

4.50 €

Названия часов, образованные от имен античных богов, как рекламные имена

Author(s): Bożena Bolesta-Wrona / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The object of the analysis in the following article is the names of Russian watches. They were named after ancient Greek and Roman gods. The main aim of the analysis is to indicate the basis of metaphorical transfer. The author views the analyzed names as “advertising names” and indicates their functions.

More...

4.50 €

Abstract extensions of the relation UNDER represented by English particle under and Polish verbal prefix pod-

Author(s): Ewa Konieczna / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper, it is argued that multiple abstract senses of the particle under and the verbal prefix pod- are motivated by the prototypical spatial meaning of the corresponding prepositions. Principled Polysemy Model adopted here argues that meaning extension takes place through general cognitive principles, such as experiential correlation, or real world force dynamics. Owing to pragmatic strengthening, the new meaning becomes established in the semantic network as a separate sense, distinct from the spatial configuration which initially gave rise to it but at the same time was grounded in human everyday interactions with the world and the nature of human body. The aim pursued here is to analyze non-spatial extensions of the particle under and verbal prefix pod- with a view to identifying both universal tendencies and language specific divergences.

More...

4.50 €

Politeness and friendliness in public spaces and transport

Author(s): Ewa Bogdanowska-Jakubowska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Public spaces and transport play a very important role in the life of the society. They act as a “self-organising public service,” a shared resource in which experiences and values are created (Mean and Tims 2005). These are places where people are in the presence of other people. The success of a particular public space is not only in the hands of the architect and the urban planner, but it also depends on the people using it. In public spaces and transport, one can read notices which provide their users with instructions how to behave and interact with others, what is acceptable in a particular place and what is not, constituting the so-called traffic rules of social interactions (Goffman 1967). Others are expressions of friendliness, intended to make passers-by and customers feel good. The aim of the study is to analyze this type of inscriptions present in American and Polish urban public spaces and transport. Due to the specificity of the discourse, I decided to employ Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze it.

More...

4.50 €

Centrum – prowincja, peryferie, marginesy. Wędrówka pojęć w świecie dyskursów, znaczeń i aksjologii

Author(s): Bożena Witosz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author ruminates on conceptualization of the titular concepts in different spheres of the public space in contemporary Poland: in academic discourse (linguistic and literary), as well as artistic, political and minority discourses (of ethnic and sexual minorities). The organizing rule in this debate is the center‑periphery relationship, while the point of reference consists in a scheme of three types of influence: a) the influence of the center over the peripheries; b) the influence of the peripheries over the center; c) a symmetrical mutual influence. In her interpretation of source texts, the author focuses on outlining the consequences that come with the relationship of domination (represented by the first scheme), the emancipatory tendencies of the peripheries and attempts at pluralistic integration resulting from the third scheme. The author concludes with the statement that both those relationships as well as the meanings of the concepts of center, province, periphery or margin are always inscribed into a particular cultural context and negotiated within those bounds.

More...

4.50 €

Wędrówka „ręka w łapę”. Intymistyczny wymiar dyskursu posthumanizmu

Author(s): Artur Rejter / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article concerns the posthuman discourse in its intimist aspect. The conducted analysis has shown that the posthuman discourse in its private incarnation can be characterized chiefly by those characteristics and processes which confirm and implement the posthumanist postulates. The experiences of people living alongside animals contribute to the creation of an interspecies community, help build empathy and mutual understanding. Those aspects are then actualized in the fact of bestowing human qualities on animals and vice versa – the perception of non‑human entities through the lens of their emotions, personal characteristics and the willingness and ability to communicate. It should be noted, however, that the aim of these actions is not to simply and crudely anthropomorphize animals, which would once again betray the anthropocentric nature of the world, but rather to grant equal status to all creatures existing in nature. In the case of the posthumanist discourse in its intimist aspect, it is possible to observe an interdiscursive relationship which is based on simultaneous interference and domination of one of them. It should be noted that the discourse of privacy (distinguished on the basis of a subjective criterion), on the one hand remains dominant, inscribed indirectly and almost incidentally into the ideologically‑motivated posthumanist discourse, but on the other hand, it complements and co‑constitutes it at the same time.

More...