CENTRUM
CENTRUM
Publishing House: Center for Understanding and Institutional Cooperation (CUIC)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Media studies, Energy and Environmental Studies
Frequency: 2 issues
Print ISSN: 1857-8640
Online-ISSN: 1857-9396
Status: Later issues not available
- 2021
- Issue No. 16
Articles list
SHQIPËRIA NGA KOMUNIZMI NË PLURALIZËM (1989-1992)
SHQIPËRIA NGA KOMUNIZMI NË PLURALIZËM (1989-1992)
(ALBANIA FROM COMMUNISM TO PLURALISM (1989-1992))
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Fati Iseni, Agim Jakupi
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Government/Political systems, Sociology of Politics
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 13-26
- No. of Pages: 14
- Keywords: Communism; Albania; dictartorship; pluralism; democracy
- Summary/Abstract: This regime is known as one of the wildest regimes in Europe and the world. Based on the Marxist-Leninist Doctrine this regime and its suite led by dictator Enver Hoxha had good diplomatic relations in the beginning with Tito's former Yugoslavia until 1948, with which he severed diplomatic relations by declaring that “Yugoslav revisio-nists were neither for peace nor for socialism. They were linked to the imperialists and helped to overthrow the communist regimes in the countries bordering Yugoslavia.” The Soviet Union until 1960, then seceded from the USSR and approached China that lasted until 1978, when it severed ties with China that led to the formula of self-isolation until 1991. Afterwards Albania would be the most isolated country in the world and would fanatically defend Marxism-Leninism and Stalinism that had been denounced by Khrushchev and Soviet Union. The period of the fall of the communist regime and the emer-gence of political pluralism is one of the most important periods of recent national history. Although this is a short period, it is packed with many important events of a political, economic and cultural nature. For more than four decades, respectively since the Second World War in Albania has ruled the Albanian Labour Party. During the 80s the economic situation in Albania will become unbearable and after all the efforts made by the Albanian Labour Party to save the regime will not succeed and when the situation came to boiling point it erupted in December 1990. The situation was followed by much unrest until the pluralist political system emerged and the victory of the Democratic Party in March 1992 came to power.
NEVOJA PËR KODIFIKIMIN LIGJOR TË PROBLEMATIKËS SË NEPOTIZMIT NË KOSOVË
NEVOJA PËR KODIFIKIMIN LIGJOR TË PROBLEMATIKËS SË NEPOTIZMIT NË KOSOVË
(THE NEED FOR LEGAL CODIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM OF NEPOTISM IN KOSOVO)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Albatros Rexhaj
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 27-42
- No. of Pages: 16
- Keywords: discrimination; nepotism; corruption; public institutions
- Summary/Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to argue the need for the approval of law focused on the prevention of nepotism in Kosovo, the legal rationale behind it and to propose possible legal formulations. Various measurements of the public opinion conducted by credible organizations speak of a deep conviction of the citizens of Kosovo for the spread of nepotism at all levels of public institutions. These researches have shown that, along with other forms of corrupt behaviour, nepotism is also a factor that triggers the migration of intellectuals and professionals from the Kosovo middle class, arguing the loss of trust in public institutions. This paper also presents a potential draft law that could be a starting point for a general discussion.
МЕХАНИЗМИ ЗА СПРЕЧУВАЊЕ НА ТОРТУРА НА МЕСТАТА НА ЗАДРЖУВАЊЕ НА ЛИЦА
МЕХАНИЗМИ ЗА СПРЕЧУВАЊЕ НА ТОРТУРА НА МЕСТАТА НА ЗАДРЖУВАЊЕ НА ЛИЦА
(MECHANISMS FOR PREVENTION OF TORTURE IN PLACES OD DETENTION OF PERSONS)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Aneta Stanchevska
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 43-50
- No. of Pages: 8
- Keywords: torture and other cruel; inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of human rights; promotion; prevention of torture and respect for and protection of human rights
- Summary/Abstract: The main goal of the research in this paper is the protection and pro-motion of human rights based on international acts and documents. Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of people are prohibited and represent the most serious violation of human rights and for these reasons a number of measures are necessary to strengthen the protection of persons deprived of their freedom of torture and other forms of inhuman or degrading treatment or torture in order to achieve the objectives of the Convention against Torture and another kind of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment.
STRUKTURA ORGANIZATIVE E ADMINISTRATËS PUBLIKE NË REPUBLIKËN E MAQEDONISË SË VERIUT DHE VEPRIMTARIA E SAJ NORMATIVE
STRUKTURA ORGANIZATIVE E ADMINISTRATËS PUBLIKE NË REPUBLIKËN E MAQEDONISË SË VERIUT DHE VEPRIMTARIA E SAJ NORMATIVE
(THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND ITS NORMATIVE OCCUPATION)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Aneta Stanchevska
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Administrative Law
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 51-63
- No. of Pages: 13
- Keywords: administration; administrative activities; administration; notion of management; service; service; organization and structure of public administration and action and society
- Summary/Abstract: The modern way of life needs a well-organized and professional administration with a clear structure, with specific tasks and way of acting and regulated relations in order to perform works for the protection and security of the public interest. The word administration is derived from the Latin word Administratio, composed of the words ad "to" and ministratio, "serving" or "rendering service"; Public administration is a set of bodies and organizations (state and non-state functional and territorially decentralized), which perform certain administrative activities. From the above we can conclude that the administration is very important for the functioning and progress of society. The system of public administration in the Republic of Macedonia constitutes the core of the state administration in the three branches of the state administration bodies (legislative, executive and judicial power-including the local administration), while the administration in the activities of public interest is covered by a broader concept of administration.
ДВИЖЕЊЕТО НА КРИМИНАЛОТ НА ДЕЦА ВО РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА ВО ПЕРИОДОТ ОД 2008-2017
ДВИЖЕЊЕТО НА КРИМИНАЛОТ НА ДЕЦА ВО РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА ВО ПЕРИОДОТ ОД 2008-2017
(THE MOVEMENT OF CHILD CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA IN THE PERIOD 2008-2017)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Filip Jovcheski, Armend Asllani
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Criminal Law
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 64-85
- No. of Pages: 22
- Keywords: children; child delinquency; penal policy; educational measures; imprisonment
- Summary/Abstract: The topic of this paper is the movement of child delinquency in RNM in the period 2008-2017. It first defines the term child delinquency and its basic characteristics and emphasizes the importance of deter-mining its movements over a period of 10 years through the analysis of statistical data. Through the data received from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but also through statistical data from the State Statistical Office, the child delinquency, the number of reported, accused and convicted children who have committed a crime are shown. It is concluded that the most common groups of crimes in child delinquency are crimes against property, public order and against life and body. The paper with tables and comments also shows the policy of punishment for a period of 10 years as well as the percentage represen-tation of sanctions that represent deprivation of liberty (i.e. institutional measures and child imprisonment) in the total number of sanctions. The analysis concludes that the data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the data from the State Statistical Office on the number of reported crimes and the number of reported child perpetrators who have committed a crime are not identical, which indicates either a different methodology of data collection or some omissions when collecting data, and thus calls into question the accuracy of the data, the ability to conduct credible research and get a true picture of the movement of child delinquency in our country.
IMPLIKIMET E POLITIKËS KULTURORE E CILA IDENTIFIKOHET ME PROJEKTIN “SHKUPI 2014”
IMPLIKIMET E POLITIKËS KULTURORE E CILA IDENTIFIKOHET ME PROJEKTIN “SHKUPI 2014”
(IMPLICATIONS OF CULTURAL POLICY WHICH IS IDENTIFIED WITH THE PROJECT “SKOPJE 2014”)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Azam Dauti
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Sociology of Culture
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 86-111
- No. of Pages: 26
- Keywords: cultural development; cultural policy; political influence; Skopje 2014; institutional development; Ancient Macedonia; financing
- Summary/Abstract: The thesis on the project “Shkupi 2014” which includes the period between 2007 to 2017, is a period of the “beginning” an authoritarian cultural orientation commissioned by the regime, populist, one-sided or even ethnocentric, with questionable identical direction on the national sense (ancient versus Slavic identification of the Macedonians), which at the end of 2017 started to be displayed as a bad cultural policy that run for almost a decade. Parallel to this, we have corruption affairs for the realized cultural projects and uneven cultural development initiated by the state leadership in the country: favoring the Macedonian culture versus the Albanian and other cultures in the country. The exaggeration of the exclusiveness of the ancient culture of the Macedonian people, transformed into state and political capital, as well as the display of the common history of the Macedonians with the Bulgarian as the exclusivity of the Macedonians from Macedonia, brought disagreements with two of Macedonia’s neighbors. This was also reflected in the country's foreign policy, and therefore Macedonia had some sort of mild but sensitive isolation for these ten years. These problems that have arisen with the erratic cultural policy of Macedonia in the past period not only provoke interest from the aspect of making doctoral work, but can contribute to finding a lot of positive directions in defining the determinations of state authorities for building a more efficient and more humane society in the Republic of Macedonia. As we emphasized that the development of cultural policy in the period from 2007 to 2017 had an impact on the social developments of Macedonia, not only internally, but also in an external plan, that is, in an international dimension, especially with the countries of neighboring Macedonia, primarily with Greece and Bulgaria, and in addition to Albania, Kosovo and Serbia. In order to analyze it more deeply and to elaborate such a complete topic, it is certainly necessary to perceive several other issues, and in particular: -the sociohistorical context of the research problem. -the direction, orientation, and development of this topic should have scientific identification with the following questions, beginning with an elemental expert question of the study: How wise it is to look for roots in Ancient Macedonia if we do not respect the present? as well as similar issues related to the topic, are the subject of consideration in this article as well.
LIGJËRIMI FETAR NË KOHË PANDEMIE - ligjërimi fetar në xhami të themeluara nga shqiptarët në Zvicër, si shembull -
LIGJËRIMI FETAR NË KOHË PANDEMIE - ligjërimi fetar në xhami të themeluara nga shqiptarët në Zvicër, si shembull -
(RELIGIOUS LECTURE IN PANDEMIC TIMES - religious lecturing in mosques founded by Albanians in Switzerland, as an example -)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Bashkim Aliji
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Politics and religion
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 112-124
- No. of Pages: 13
- Keywords: Religious discourse; imam; pandemic; congregation; communication
- Summary/Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of religious lecture at the time of the Covid-19 Pandemic, as a very sensitive and challenging phase for religious leaders and for all of humanity on many levels. In this paper it is concluded that religious leaders are relevant factors in the societies where they operate, in particular their key function in connecting the community with society, orienting the community in the right lines of forming an opinion on various phenomena and events, correcting erroneous views and doctrines, and in all this, the religious lecture of the imams, takes precedence. This paper explains that the emphasis of the imams in communicating with the congregation was placed in the way of dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, in the way of dealing with its social, psychological, economic consequences, respecting the measures provided by the competent authorities. In this paper it is concluded that the lecture of imams in pandemic times, is characterized by these most important features: educational, motivation, theological pragmatism which was distinguished by two important standards: anti-fatalism and strong faith, social character which is focused on the importance of family relationships in Islam, the moral punishment of severing family ties, and the need for closer communication with the family.
КРИВИЧНО-ПРАВНА ЗАШТИТА НА ДЕЦАТА ОД СЕКСУАЛНО НАСИЛСТВО
КРИВИЧНО-ПРАВНА ЗАШТИТА НА ДЕЦАТА ОД СЕКСУАЛНО НАСИЛСТВО
(CRIMINAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL VIOLENCE)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Nataša Todorovska, Stefan Budzakoski
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Criminal Law, Victimology
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 125-136
- No. of Pages: 12
- Keywords: child; sexual violence; victim; crime
- Summary/Abstract: Children are often the victims of various forms of abuse that can occur such as sexual, domestic, psychological violence and the like. What is needed is a priority for the parents and the institutions and protection of the identity of the children as well as taking all the steps that should help in the process of rehabilitation of this type of victims. It is not uncommon for children to hide it for years and not report sexual abuse or harassment that has lasting consequences for their psycho-logical development. Our country in its legislation places these types of abuses in the substantive criminal legislation as well as the special ways of dealing with these victims through special guarantees provided in the criminal procedure legislation.
MEDIA SOCIALE, REVOLUCIONI QË AJO KA SJELLË
MEDIA SOCIALE, REVOLUCIONI QË AJO KA SJELLË
(SOCIAL MEDIA, THE REVOLUTION THAT BROUGHT)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Fatjon Kadillari, Olgerta Kadillari
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Media studies
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 137-147
- No. of Pages: 12
- Keywords: social media; advantages; marketing; role of SM; propaganda
- Summary/Abstract: In this paper we want to present how social media has affected the integrity of traditional journalism, the revolution they have brought. We will also address their credibility, what it has to do with propaganda and fake news. We will bring examples in cases where social media influenced important political events in the world. In short, we will bring examples of features and similarities between SM and traditional media. An analysis of what are the advantages and disadvantages of major social media in general (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter), which raises the question: Is it a modern human trend that forces us to use, or need? Would SM be so influential if we did not use photos and videos? We will try to argue the role of photography in the three main SM (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter). Our opinion on marketing through SM. Its operation and how we can attract customers. Which of SM is most used for marketing and why? The importance of the content of what we write, or decide in SM. Ultimately what is the purpose of everyone when using SM.
NATO DHE RELACIONET ME BALLKANIN PERËNDIMOR (RASTI I BOSNJËS, KOSOVËS DHE MAQEDONISË SË VERIUT)
NATO DHE RELACIONET ME BALLKANIN PERËNDIMOR (RASTI I BOSNJËS, KOSOVËS DHE MAQEDONISË SË VERIUT)
(NATO AND RELATIONS WITH THE WESTERN BALKANS (CASE OF BOSNIA, KOSOVO AND NORTH MACEDONIA))
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Gzim Rushiti
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): International relations/trade, Geopolitics
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 149-161
- No. of Pages: 13
- Keywords:
- Summary/Abstract: NATO was born in the years after World War II, to respond to the great political, economic and military pressure of the Soviet Union on Western democracies. NATO is legally established as an Alliance of independent states, who had as their common interest the preservation of national and world peace and security. The NATO Treaty was signed in Washington in 1949 and entered into force the same year. NATO's relations with the Balkans date back to the beginning of the Cold War. Following the fall of the Berlin Wall, the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact Bloc, and the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, the Balkan countries declared NATO integration their strategic priority. One of the first and most serious challenges that NATO faced after the fall of the Berlin Wall was the Balkan crisis. Western military involvement in general and NATO - in the Bosnian conflict - began quickly. NATO used military intervention as a last resort to resolve the conflict in Kosovo after a period of widespread escalation of violence, repression and human rights abuses by Serbia against the civilian population in Kosovo. NATO's relations with the Republic of North Macedonia starting from 1993 until today have their oën special history, which includes a chronological period of almost thirty years, relations which reached their culmination on March 20, 2020 with the full membership of the Republic of Northern Macedonia in NATO as the thirtieth member state of the Alliance.
NDIKIMI I PROPAGANDËS NË KANOSJEN E SIGURISË SHTETËRORE
NDIKIMI I PROPAGANDËS NË KANOSJEN E SIGURISË SHTETËRORE
(THE IMPACT OF PROPAGANDA ON THREAT OF STATE SECURITY)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Kenan Idrizaj
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Media studies, Security and defense
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 162-182
- No. of Pages: 21
- Keywords: Propaganda; information; state security; fake news; intimidation; security policies
- Summary/Abstract: Man since his creation, has begun to seek information. He sought information to find food, shelter, water, etc. The same situation for se-eking information has continued alongside man since prehistoric times until now, in the 21st century. In the century in which we live information is the foundation of power, influence and success. State security is the foundation of the establishment and well-being of the state. This can be argued with the fact that if the doctor, teacher, educator, engineer, architect, imam, priest if they do not feel safe, they can never practice their profession. This applies to ordinary citizens and to all others living in a given state. This century is the century of information technology and the Internet, through which innumerable information related to all kinds of private or public issues are disseminated and received. As part of this information, for the purpose of destroying or losing the credibility of the state, certain individuals, private or state organizations spread propaganda, fake news or deep fake news which can seriously affect state security and the organization of a state's security and foreign diplomacy policies. With this paper, I will try to talk, analyze about propaganda in harassing of state security. In this case, we can mention and compare Russia's influence through propaganda in the Western Balkan countries.
BALANCIMI I SË DREJTËS PËR RESPEKTIMIN E JETËS PRIVATE DHE FAMILJARE (NENI 8 I KONVENTËS EVROPIANE PËR TË DREJTAT E NJERIUT) DHE LIRIA E SHPREHJES (NENI 10 I KONVENTËS EVROPIANE PËR TË DREJTAT E NJERIUT) - KORNIZA LIGJORE VENDORE DHE NDËRKOMBËTARE
BALANCIMI I SË DREJTËS PËR RESPEKTIMIN E JETËS PRIVATE DHE FAMILJARE (NENI 8 I KONVENTËS EVROPIANE PËR TË DREJTAT E NJERIUT) DHE LIRIA E SHPREHJES (NENI 10 I KONVENTËS EVROPIANE PËR TË DREJTAT E NJERIUT) - KORNIZA LIGJORE VENDORE DHE NDËRKOMBËTARE
(BALANCING THE RIGHT TO RESPECT FOR PRIVATE AND FAMILY LIFE (ARTICLE 8 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS) AND THE FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION (ARTICLE 10 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS) – DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Menderez Emini
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 183-194
- No. of Pages: 12
- Keywords:
- Summary/Abstract: Among the range of rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and which have judicial protection by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (ECtHR) are the right to respect for private and family life provided for in Article 8 by the ECHR and the freedom of expression guaranteed by Article 10 of the ECHR. These two extremely important human rights often come into conflict with each other, i.e. the protection of one of these rights can mean violation of the other. It is for these reasons that it is extremely important to strike a certain balance in their application and protection. Of course, this is the primary obligation of the national legislation and the national courts, but the European Court of Human Rights and its jurisprudence certainly have an exceptional role in accomplishing this delicate task. This paper will address the issue of achieving a balance between respect for these two rights, both in terms of domestic law and in terms of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights.
RAPORTI MES STILEVE TË TË MËSUARIT, TË MENDUARIT KRITIK DHE STILET E MËSIMDHËNIES NË SHKOLLAT E MESME TË QYTETIT TË TETOVËS
RAPORTI MES STILEVE TË TË MËSUARIT, TË MENDUARIT KRITIK DHE STILET E MËSIMDHËNIES NË SHKOLLAT E MESME TË QYTETIT TË TETOVËS
(RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING STYLES, CRITICAL THINKING AND TEACHING STYLES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF TETOVO)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Mergime Tefiki
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Pedagogy
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 195-211
- No. of Pages: 17
- Keywords: learning styles; critical thinking skills; teaching styles; students
- Summary/Abstract: The purpose the thesis: “Relationship between learning styles, critcal thinking and teaching styles in secondary school in Tetovo” is to investigate the relationship between learning styles, critical thinking skills and teaching styles in high school in the city of Tetovo, to argue that in the relationship of student-teacher attitude, critical thinking skills, and styles of teaching by teachers, to verify which style of learning is more present in students, which style has the highest correlation with abililty of critical thinking and what is the style that is applied by teachers during the teaching process. The research is conducted in six high schools in the city of Tetovo SH.M.K Gjimnazi “7 Marsi”, “Kiril Pejcinovic”, SH.M.K.M. “ Nikola Shtejn “, SH.M. “8 Shtatori”, SH.M.P.K “Mosha Pijade”, “Gjoce Stojcevski”, “Isa Beu” with 211 students. Instrument that is used: learning style questionnaire- University of California, with 12 items (α = 0.320) and Stella Cotrre questionnaire on ability of critical thinking skills with all 25 questions (α = 0.867). A total of 56 teachers have completed the questionnaire: Staffordshire Teaching Styles Assessment (SETS). Reproduced with the permission of Kay Mohanna, Ruth Chambers, David Wall, with 24 questions showing six teaching styles (α = 0.720). The results confirm that there are no significant differences in learning styles. There are gender differences in favor of female gender in critical thinking skills. Teaching style: the only teacher, who did not pay attention to the student’s progress had a higher average than other teaching styles. The results confirmed differences between success and critical thinking skills.
ОДГОВОРНОСТА ЗА ОДБРАНА - ЕТИЧКИ КОНЦЕПТ НА МЕЃУНАРОДНАТА ПОЛИТИКА -
ОДГОВОРНОСТА ЗА ОДБРАНА - ЕТИЧКИ КОНЦЕПТ НА МЕЃУНАРОДНАТА ПОЛИТИКА -
(RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT - ETHICAL CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL POLICY -)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Muhamed Jashari
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Politics, Ethics / Practical Philosophy
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 212-222
- No. of Pages: 11
- Keywords: International Ethic; World Justice; Humanitarian responsibility; Humanitarian Intervention; Responsibility to Protect
- Summary/Abstract: Humanity is constantly haunted by questions such as “what is good” and “what is evil”, “what is ugly” and “what is beautiful”, “what is right” and “what is wrong”. Ethics is what allows us to make decisions when we face various moral dilemmas. However, despite the fact that ethical norms are present in the behavior of states and the international community, in today’s realities of international politics there is a lack of practical implementation of these norms when it comes to violations of human rights, the use of weapons of mass destruction, environmental pollution, the difficult humanitarian situation in the world, unequal distribution of wealth, etc. Responsibility to Protect and humanitarian intervention are concepts that stem from ethical and moral considerations, which in a way challenge the traditional meaning of sovereignty and the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of a given country. This paper will address the ethical dimension of politics, in our specific case, of international politics, with particular emphasis on the above doctrine (Responsibility to Protect) which was introduced into the world of global politics and diplomacy in recent decades.
VËSHTRIM PEDAGOGJIK NDAJ BARAZISË GJINORE NË FENË ISLAME
VËSHTRIM PEDAGOGJIK NDAJ BARAZISË GJINORE NË FENË ISLAME
(PEDAGOGICAL OVERVIEW OF GENDER EQUALITY IN ISLAM)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Naser RAMADANI
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Gender Studies, Islam studies, Maritime Law
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 223-243
- No. of Pages: 21
- Keywords: equality; gender; Islam; education
- Summary/Abstract: The purpose of this study is to show how Islam as a divine religion and complete system, among other things, deals in detail with the issue of gender equality. Qur'anic verses and prophetic quotes explain in detail this very important issue of multidimensional character. From the beginning of the creation of the first married couple Adam and Eve, Islam provides details that speak of equality between them and at the same time freeing the woman from the first sin. Islam has strongly combated discrimination against women and that treating women as equal to men is an Islamic principle. According to Islam, gender equality means justice between genders according to their psychophysical differences, as well as complementarity with each other. Islam offers full equality between the two genders in the right to religion, the right to work and the right to reward. In the field of education, women are treated completely equally with men. In addition, the woman enjoys her right as a member of society, the right of inheritance and in all civil rights. Marital life is the field in which the full and equal rights of a woman and a man are manifested. She has the right to choose her husband, she has the full right to an honest and dignified life, and finally, she has the right to seek divorce. The right to life is among the primary and fundamental rights of women according to Islam. She enjoys full freedom and rights in political, economic, social, religious life, etc. According to Islam, women have the right to various social activities. Among these activities we emphasize: the presence of women in the mosque, women's interest in scientific and cultural activities, women's participation in various manifestations, women's participation in various experiences, professions and crafts, etc. With other words, a woman's rights and responsibilities are equal to those of a man, but they are not necessarily identical. Equality and oneness are two completely different things, because man and woman are equal, but not identical.
THE IMPORTANT OF NEGOTIATIONS IN PUBLIC DIPLOMACY
THE IMPORTANT OF NEGOTIATIONS IN PUBLIC DIPLOMACY
(THE IMPORTANT OF NEGOTIATIONS IN PUBLIC DIPLOMACY)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Qazime Sherifi
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English
- Subject(s): Geopolitics
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 244-261
- No. of Pages: 18
- Keywords: negotiations; diplomacy; mediator; international organizations; conflict.
- Summary/Abstract: Diplomatic negotiation will remain a country’s main instrument, both inside and outside international organizations, for representing its interests and dealing with the problems that it encounters. Diplomatic negotiation will become more important as globalization enhances interdependency and provokes regional and global conflicts. Inter-dependency is vital for negotiation. Without it, diplomatic negotiation processes could not function. The paper highlights the types, sort, and forms of negotiations which the parties used during the negotiations, as well as the reasons for their use by the negotiating parties. Further, the reasons are emphasized that is factored that influence during the negotiation process and which determine the conversion of negotiations.
ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
(ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Robert Dauti, Marina Rrika
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English
- Subject(s): Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 262-269
- No. of Pages: 8
- Keywords: corruption; Civil Society; Western Balkans; EU
- Summary/Abstract: One of the problems facing the Western Balkans is corruption. It is one of the most serious diseases that accompanies all countries in the regions such as Albania, Northern Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and remains even greater for those aiming for EU membership. Corruption has infected the legal system of these countries, stripped the institutional structures of their responsibilities, overthrown justice, is killing true democracy and the hope and rights of citizens. At a time when anticorruption reforms and anticorruption structures by the European Union are not yielding the expected result, the questions arise: What can civil do to eradicate the corruption that kills the dreams of the younger generations? The purpose of this paper is to address corruption as one of the main causes of EU countries for their non-membership and to study the role of civil society in the face of corruption. Ultimately the existence, prevention and avoidance of such phenomena starts from society itself.
RAPORTI MES RREGULLIMIT EMOCIONAL, LOKUSIT TË KONTROLLIT DHE MIRËQENIES PSIKOLOGJIKE TE STUDENTËT
RAPORTI MES RREGULLIMIT EMOCIONAL, LOKUSIT TË KONTROLLIT DHE MIRËQENIES PSIKOLOGJIKE TE STUDENTËT
(THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL REGULATION, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF STUDENTS)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Sabrije Tefiki
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Psychology
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 270-285
- No. of Pages: 16
- Keywords:
- Summary/Abstract: The thesis “The relationship between emotional regulation, locus of control and psychological well-being” has a quantitative approach. The purpose of research is to identify the correlation between emotional regulation, locus of control and psychological well-being in students. The study population consists of students from the two Universities of the city of Tetova. The sample includes 298 students, both male and female, with an average age of 21.89. The measuring instruments that are used in this research are: Emotional Regulation and Control Scale (ERIK)- (α = 0.85), The Multidimensional Locus of Control IPC Scale (α = 0.73), and Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) Scale (α = 0.68). The results showed that emotions affect students' thinking and memory, as well as a lack of emotional control. Most students have an internal locus of control and psychological well-being above the expected average. No statistical correlation was found between regulation and locus of internal control, but a weak correlation was found between academic success and psychological well-being. The results confirmed gender differences in emotional regulation. Gender differences were also found between academic success and psychological well-being, and statistically significant differences depending on the age and internal locus of students. Given both the limitations and the ethical aspects of the study the recommendations are also in context not generalizing to the whole population.
ПОИМ И ПРИМЕНА НА ДНК АНАЛИЗИТЕ
ПОИМ И ПРИМЕНА НА ДНК АНАЛИЗИТЕ
(THE NOTION AND APPLICATION OF DNA ANALYSIS)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Samir Salievski
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Security and defense
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 286-296
- No. of Pages: 11
- Keywords:
- Summary/Abstract: In order to shed light on a criminal event, that shedding must always be relied upon and depend on a complex or set of factors that greatly contribute or, in other words, make it impossible to establish the relevant facts themselves. They can be of a personal nature, of an objective or subjective nature as well as of the technical nature itself. Scientific progress today allows new methods as well as innovations in a particular domain, and sometimes even to fully compensate for subjective human cognitive deficiencies. Throughout the practice, the examples are numerous, so in that direction and in that sense the new forensic technology can make visible the traces that once remained unnoticed at the scene due to the impossibility of their detection with the naked eye. Namely, genetic testing of biological traces can be crucial even for the true and correct legal qualification of the crime that was committed in the criminal event. The establishment of DNA profile databases as a segment or part of a series of tools that contribute to the effective fight against crime has been a subject of interest to the professional public in the last few decades. However, from another aspect and on the other hand, there is a problem that is aimed at endangering the rights of citizens regarding privacy and protection of personal data, so the very creation of such databases, especially the unlimited storage of such data and DNA profiles. it becomes problematic.
OVERVIEW OF THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF ETHNICAL COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTH REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
OVERVIEW OF THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF ETHNICAL COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTH REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
(OVERVIEW OF THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF ETHNICAL COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTH REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Shpendim Maksuti
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English
- Subject(s): Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 297-308
- No. of Pages: 12
- Keywords:
- Summary/Abstract: Recognition of the rights and freedoms of the national communities in the Republic of North Macedonia presents a subject, namely matters for their regulation and for the important constitutional documents, approved in the Republic of North Macedonia. Particularly have to be underlined the criterion of historical development of the freedoms and rights of national communities, in this review we particularly emphasize. The tendency to regulate and accept the freedoms and rights of the communities in a more qualitative and more appropriate manner, is noted in the novelties of the second constitution of the SRM, adopted in the distant 1963 year. In this context, it is worth underlining the SRM Constitution of 1974, its innovations, which are very substantial and qualitative, in relation to the recognition, legal regulation and legal guarantee of the rights and freedom of national communities in the Republic of Macedonia. The Constitution of the SRM of 1974 presents the third consecutive Constitution and the last constitution adopted in the time of “socialist regime” in our country. Freedom to establish institutions and associations is an important freedom that is adequately recognized by the constitutional decisions of 1991. It is about the right to establish different institutions and associations in order to develop and cultivate the attributes of nationalities, these attributes should be developed and cultivated in order to express the identity of each nationality in the Republic of Macedonia. These innovations that relate to the freedom f establishment of institutions and associations are not and are not an integral part of education. They exist as independent organizational form with specific functions that pertain and are expressed in the cultural plan of each nationality.
PRODHIMI I FËMIJËVE: PERSPEKTIVA BIOLOGJIKE, EKONOMIKE, PSIKOLOGJIKE, SOCIALE DHE ISLAME
PRODHIMI I FËMIJËVE: PERSPEKTIVA BIOLOGJIKE, EKONOMIKE, PSIKOLOGJIKE, SOCIALE DHE ISLAME
(PRODUCTION OF CHILDREN: RESEARCH FROM A BIOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND ISLAMIC POINT OF VIEW)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Skender Mustafi, Jusuf Zimeri
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Psychology, Sociology, Islam studies
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 309-326
- No. of Pages: 18
- Keywords:
- Summary/Abstract: Human society is facing a stream of new medical developments which have taken root in modern society over the past decade, but which have now gained momentum in development. Among the most discussed and contradictory of them is that of the surrogacy. It is about implanting a fertilized ovary in a woman who carries the baby in ex-change for financial goods or as a humane and voluntary act to make possible other to have children. This issue is controversial at the social, ethical/moral, justice and economic levels. It is also valued and classified according to different religious principles. This paper is based mainly on the research of the secondary sources of information, which is the literature and first-hand research, as well as various public appearances of the experiences of pregnant mothers. From these two types of facts, is done a scientific analysis and are drawn conclusions in all five research perspectives. From the research it can be clearly seen that we are dealing with a new trend in modern society which has already taken me the first steps and is developing with great impetus. The first forms of business models have been already established, where first forms of customer interaction with manufacturers and intermediaries have taken place. The research also clarifies that that the rich and finally the middle class of the society are the consumers, while the poor are the producers. The research also reveals the impact of surrogacy on the emotionnal and psychological state of the surrogate mothers as well as on the development of society and new social trends. In perspective of social systems, the development of the term ‘family’ has gone one step further. It should also be noted that research does not cover the ethical and moral perspective due to research dimensions and frameworks. Finally, research and evaluation of the surrogacy has been done based on Islamic principles. Islamic jurisprudence prohibits surrogacy and the role surrogate mother and also most types of artificial insemination.
TREGU I SIGURIMEVE I REPUBLIKËS SË MAQEDONISË SË VERIUT NË PERIUDHËN E PANDEMISË GLOBALE COVID-19
TREGU I SIGURIMEVE I REPUBLIKËS SË MAQEDONISË SË VERIUT NË PERIUDHËN E PANDEMISË GLOBALE COVID-19
(INSURANCE MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA DURING THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC COVID-19)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Sulejman Ahmedi
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 327-336
- No. of Pages: 10
- Keywords: COVID-19; insurance market; impact; security
- Summary/Abstract: As a result of the global pandemic COVID-19, financial markets experienced significant fluctuations where the insurance market was one of them and as a result has been the subject of research in many projects and research papers. Therefore and in line with what was said above this The paper will address the insurance market developments in the Republic of North Macedonia. The insurance market in this circumstance did not remain immune to the effects and possible negative consequences and therefore the purpose of this paper is to analyze the development of the insurance market for the period 2020 compared to 2019, in some cases and several years ago. From the analyzes made at the beginning, we emphasize that in 2020 there was an economic contraction, the reduction of gross domes-tic product by 2.3% is one of the indicators. Gross written premium for 2020 decreased by 4.89% compared to the previous year, 2019. In particular in some classes as auto liability we have a decrease in gross written premium by 9.6% and at the same time a decrease of 8.7% in gross claims liquidated in yes the same class.At the same time another class analyzed is the tourist aid which had a decrease of 65% in the gross written premium. The limitation of this is research the time period, as the Covid-19 virus and its impact has not ended and continues to affect even after the completion of this research. This work leaves space to be updated in the future.
OPINIONI I STUDENTEVE PËR MËSIMDHËNIEN ONLINE GJATË PANDEMISË COVID-19
OPINIONI I STUDENTEVE PËR MËSIMDHËNIEN ONLINE GJATË PANDEMISË COVID-19
(STUDENTS OPINION ABOUT ONLINE TEACHING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Teuta Iljazi
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Albanian
- Subject(s): Pedagogy
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 337-352
- No. of Pages: 16
- Keywords: online teaching; teaching management; student motivation
- Summary/Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic forced educational institutions to con-duct their teaching entirely online. Online teaching pushed educational institutions to adapt in different ways to prevent the spread of the virus on the one hand, while on the other hand this was the only way to avoid interruptions in the teaching process. Online teaching in the Republic of Northern Macedonia found most of the educational institutions unprepared in terms of having the necessary equipment from both sides (teacher, student), as well as in terms of experience in online teaching. Knowing that this type of teaching is carried out at a distance, there was a lack of technical support and internet connection quality. This study examines the opinion of students at the University of Tetova regarding online teaching. Students express their opinion about the success of online teaching. The instrument used is an online questionnaire completed by 37 students, although a larger number of questionnaires were distributed. After processing the questionnaires, it was concluded that 76% of students prefer the traditional teaching (physical presence), while 19% of students prefer the hybrid teaching. This study confirms the hypothesis: Students' opinion about the type of preferred teaching method is correlated with the success rate of the online teaching process ( = 0.407, p <0.01).
ДЕЦЕНТРАЛИЗАЦИЈА ВО РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА ОД ПРАВЕН И ОД РЕАЛЕН АСПЕКТ
ДЕЦЕНТРАЛИЗАЦИЈА ВО РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА ОД ПРАВЕН И ОД РЕАЛЕН АСПЕКТ
(DECENTRALIZATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA FROM A LEGAL AND REALISTIC ASPECT)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Valbona Hajretin
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Government/Political systems
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 353-372
- No. of Pages: 20
- Keywords:
- Summary/Abstract: Decentralization has led to an increase in the functions and capacities of the local self-government units, as well as its financial capacities. There was also a reduction of disparities between the municipalities, encouragement of balanced local and regional development through the introduction of planning regions and strengthening of cross-border cooperation, in order to encourage democracy and a democratic society in the Republic of Macedonia. The goals and priorities of decentralization were determined in all previous programs of the Government, as well as in the national documents for integration of the Republic of Macedonia in the European Union. Decentralization is realized in accordance with the government program for implementation of the decentralization process and development of the local self-government, as well as in accordance with the action plans for its implementation. Of course, the main goals of the decentralization process are the intensified economic development of the local self-government units, on the one hand, and the strengthening of the democratic governance at the local level, on the other hand. Adherence to European standards of local self-government, democracy and democratic values and the use of positive experiences, i.e. good practices generate additional spark to move the process of Europeanization of local self-government in Macedonia and would help bring the government closer to the citizens. The idea is to increase, but certainly to maximize the effect of the benefits of decentralization and to encourage and extract the best with the development of municipalities, through improved financial performance and capacity, in function of good local governance. At the same time, it is also required to create the necessary conditions / opportunities for providing uniform and better public services for the citizens. With the implementation of the activities from the Action Plan for implementation of the Regional Development Strategy, conditions are created for encouraging the development of the country, through the development of the planning regions. By introducing a good regional policy and implementation of various development projects in the planning regions, the existing disparities in the country can be overcome. We recognize such an example in the countries of the European Union where the benefits of the regional policy of the European Union in the direction of balanced regional development are placed in the context of domestic policy, and we as a country in EU integration processes can follow these European policies to increase effects by strengthening our capacities and absorbing the funds from the European funds and putting them in function of faster and more balanced regional development, and thus the development of the country.
ОСТВАРУВАЊЕ НА МЕЃУОПШТИНСКА СОРАБОТКА И ВОСПОСТАВЕНА ПРАКТИКА ВО РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА
ОСТВАРУВАЊЕ НА МЕЃУОПШТИНСКА СОРАБОТКА И ВОСПОСТАВЕНА ПРАКТИКА ВО РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА
(ACHIEVING INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION AND ESTABLISHING PRACTICE IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Vjollca Rushaj, Valbona Hajretin
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Government/Political systems
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 373-385
- No. of Pages: 13
- Keywords:
- Summary/Abstract: Decentralization as a comprehensive process enables citizens to be more involved in decision-making in their communities, which those decisions progressively affect quality at the local level. Such progress enables the promotion and independence of the local self-government as a geographical, institutional and legal phenomenon. This theory is based on the LLSG from 2002, where it is provided that: “the municipalities are independent both in their work and in the regulation of the local affairs, and for the implementation of the works and functions at the local level are by way of the competencies foreseen by the local representatives”. As a rule, competencies are "inclusive" and are neither revoked nor limited, except in cases determined by law. The law also promotes the principle of subsidiarity, i.e. the right of the municipalities within their competencies to decide on performing all activities of public interest and local importance, which by the Constitution and law are not excluded from their competence and do not fall under the competence of the central power3. While the central government as a "sublimated body" is responsible for national security and interest, starting from territorial defense, foreign policy, macroeconomics and development strategy, the local government as a "framework power" is oriented towards solving local issues and problems. Of course, decentralization leads to better and higher quality resolution of issues of local interest at the local level, by bodies and institutions that are closer to the citizens, although, on the other hand, the central government has little knowledge of local resources, information and skills. Decentralization as a factor and indicator of democratization, enables the government to get closer to the people, improves transparency in revenue collection, promotes and implements inter-municipal cooperation as a way of successful practice and application in order to achieve both social and economic development. Although decentralization provides applied local management of work by areas, however, a number of internal and external factors directly affect its implementation.
ЗАШТИТА НА ПРИРОДНИТЕ И КУЛТУРНИТЕ ВРЕДНОСТИ ВО ЈУГОЗАПАДЕН РЕГИОН НА РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА ВО ФУНКЦИЈА НА РАЗВОЈ НА АЛТЕРНАТИВНИТЕ ФОРМИ НА ТУРИЗАМ
ЗАШТИТА НА ПРИРОДНИТЕ И КУЛТУРНИТЕ ВРЕДНОСТИ ВО ЈУГОЗАПАДЕН РЕГИОН НА РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА ВО ФУНКЦИЈА НА РАЗВОЈ НА АЛТЕРНАТИВНИТЕ ФОРМИ НА ТУРИЗАМ
(PROTECTION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL VALUES IN THE SOUTHWEST REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA IN THE FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF TOURISM)
- Publication: (16/2021)
- Author(s): Rukije Ibraimi, Rijan Izairi, Zejnedije Ademi
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Macedonian
- Subject(s): Geography, Regional studies
- Issue: 16/2021
- Page Range: 386-396
- No. of Pages: 11
- Keywords: Southwest region; natural values; cultural values; legal protection of values
- Summary/Abstract: The Southwest region is located in the western part of the Republic of North Macedonia, borders with Albania, as well as with the following regions: Pelagonia, Polog, Skopje and Vardar. The main center of the region is the city of Ohrid. The subject of the research is the natural and cultural values in the Southwest region and its protection in order to develop alternative forms of tourism. The methods by which the research was conducted are various. Method of analysis has been used in the study of natural and cultural values in the research region. From the obtained knowledge and results it is concluded that the region has a huge number of natural and cultural values, many of which are protected by law, but for the development of alternative forms of tourism more attention should be paid to the protection of natural rarities and cultural values and increasing protected areas.
Short Description
Scientific journal CENTRUM began to be published since 2013, and is a periodical publication of two volumes in a calendar year. It is comprised of topics and scientific papers of various social and natural fields by different authors.
Within its fields, CENTRUM accepts papers in the following areas: Law and political sciences; National and supranational identities and globalization; Human rights; Media and journalism, communication, freedom of speech; Economic and business area, management, financial system; National and religious issues; The impact of the integration process into NATO and EU;Environmental, ecological threats and healthcare; IT sector: E-governance, e-society, engineering and technologies etc.
Official languages of the publication of the magazine topics are Albanian, Macedonian and English, but there is an open possibility for the other foreign languages.
The International Scientific Journal CENTRUM is based on the Law on Higher Education of Macedonia, and is registered in the National University Library of Macedonia “St. KlimentOhridski” – Skopje, with ISSN: 1857-8640 (printed version), 1857-9396 (online version), with UDC: 3 (497.7:4-672EU) and has international editorial board from various countries.
