Keywords: army; delinquency; military environment; family; society; rules; military regulations
Military environment is specific and it refers to rules and a special conduct. Young people hardly adapt to this environment because they are influenced by social factors prior to the military service. These factors are family, school, church and many others, and general crime prevention activity in the armed forces is a specific one.
More...Keywords: stability operations; land forces; US army; doctrine; postconflict; national building
Stability operations in this era of persistent conflict become clearer as a result of combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. Stability operations are proving to be as important as traditional combat operations lasting success of military operations. Thus, they can be elevated to a status equal to that of offensive and defensive operations, occupying a distinct place in major spectrum of military operations. Stability operations are usually designed to support host nation government or a transitional authority, civil or military. In general, the military establish or reestablish basic civil functions and protects them until a civil authority or the host nation itself is able to provide these services to the local population. During the relatively short history of the United States from the American Revolution to Operation Iraqi Liberation, military forces fought wars that were seen as threats to national security interests. These were wars army prepared traditionally. Of the hundreds of military operations taken in those years, now many are considered stability operations.
More...Keywords: Russian Archives; World War II; Romanian Army
The report the Romanian leader released on June 9, 1944, found in the Russian State Archives of Social and Political History (RGASPI) in Moscow, recommends that the Soviet bodies undertake actions to demoralize the Romanian troops opposing the offensive of the Red Army in the Romanian territory. The author highlights the moral and political aspects of the people’s mood in the “liberated” territory of Romania; also indicated are methods for the management of Soviet-controlled zones and of the goods left behind there.
More...Keywords: 1848 Revolution; Transylvania; Banat; Russian army; General Lüders;
At the beginning of summer 1849, tactical plans aimed at shifting to the Southern Banat the center of gravity of the confrontations between the Austrian-Russian imperial forces and the Hungarian revolutionaries. The Tsarist general Lüders intended to set out from Bucharest to Orşova, in order to take the Banat off the Hungarians‘ hands. Habsburg fieldmarshal Puchner, who had taken refuge in Walachia, asked the Ottomans for permission to thrust through Banat, his point of destination being Serbia. The Croatian banus Jellačić planned to make the junction with Lüders at Orşova. But history was to take another turn…
More...Keywords: Civil War; Romanian Legion in Siberia; French Military Mission in Russia; Bolsheviks
At the beginning of 1919, the French Military Mission in Russia reorganized the second Romanian volunteer’s corps because they no longer fulfil the demands of the Volga River new front. Under the new name of Romanian Legion of Siberia, 2000 Romanians from Transylvania and Bukovina responded to the allies’ interests in Siberia. At their requests, the Romanian Government agreed this army to participate in the military operations led by French general Maurice Janin to support admiral Kolchak regime. From May 1919 until March 1920, the Romanian legion assured the security of the Russian population against the Bolsheviks. Their military experience gained during World War and their loyalty to the Romanian Kingdom transformed them in one of the best troops in Siberia, being named by the Bolsheviks ,,The Wild Division”. In total, 37 expeditions were successfully completed.
More...Keywords: “hub and spokes”; „hub and spokes” network; „hub and spokes” system; „hub and spokes” model; „hub and spokes” logistic networks; „hub and spokes” military logistic operations; logistic support
The research and applications conducted with regard to the “hub” networks abound in the economic and military fields. The use of one or more “hubs” within some distribution and supplying networks allows the consolidation of the flow of traffic for many types of problems raised by the goods and people transports. The applications of the “hub and spokes” concept include the transport of people, goods, information and energy. Research shows that the efficient use of “hubs” as points of transfer allows planners from the economic and military field to reduce the number of trips/operations and indirect connections for the minimization of the total costs and for a better use of the human, material, financial and informational resources.
More...Keywords: telegraphy; radio; composite circuit; optical telegraphy; telephony; telephone exchange; messenger pigeons; communications
The article depicts the stages of organization and endowment of signal troops in the Romanian army, the founding of the first specialized task unit, the preparation for and participation in the Independence War (1877-1878) with its subsequent evolutions up to World War 1. The studies and analyses of the most significant stages of development of Romanian Armed Forces signal troops, regarding the organization, endowment and principles of assuring the necessary connections for the various military operations conducted before, during and after World War 1, enabled the possibility to draw conclusions and develop significant lessons learned for the art of war.
More...Keywords: biblioteci militare;sistem de biblioteci militare;colecții biblioteci militare;Biblioteca Militară Națională;Nicolae Densușianu;regulamente de bibliotecă
Renașterea armatei naționale, după anul 1830, a făcut posibilă editarea unor colecții de cărți militare în limba română și înființarea la Iași, în anul 1845, a primei biblioteci militare. Acest demers a continuat prin apariția unei structuri similare și la București (1852), cât și constituirea, în anul 1860 a Bibliotecii Ministerului de Război, care, după mai multe transformări pe parcursul secolului al XX-lea, reprezintă astăzi prestigioasa Bibliotecă Militară Națională.Apariția, în timp, a bibliotecilor de regiment din armată, evoluția regulamentelor și instrucțiunilor de funcționare ale bibliotecilor, a diverselor tipuri de cataloage, instituirea depozitului legal pentru publicațiile având conținut militar (1896), ca și activitățile specifice de constituire, dezvoltare, conservare și valorificare a patrimoniului, evidențiază dinamica bibliotecilor militare. Acestea constituie, în prezent, sistemul de biblioteci din Armata României, parte integrantă a sistemului național de biblioteci și respectiv a sistemului informațional și educativ militar.
More...Keywords: stability and support operations; national communications and information system; Deployable Communication and Information Module; Armed Forces communications and information system;
In this article are presented the main characteristics of the stability and support operations and of the Deployable Communication and Information Module, which represents the element of the national communications and information system used by the Romanian Army in these operations. A particular attention was given to the analysis of the limitations identified as a result of using this system in stability and support operations. Finally, as a conclusion, we emphasize the importance of redesigning this system, in order to join the Federated Mission Networking concept, of achieving the federated environment for mission networks.
More...Keywords: military organization; the military profession; initial training; continuous training; role; fatigue; specialist in military physical education;
In the first part the article addresses some topical issues related to the military organization and the specific demands of the military profession. Then, during the article, the documents defining the finality of the military training programs organized on the two levels of training of the military personnel (initial and continuous) and the role played by the specialist in physical education and sport for the development of skills and abilities indispensable to the military profession.
More...Keywords: Soviet-Polish War; Second Polish Republic; J. Pilsudski; minorities; Polish-Ucrainian Relations;
The Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920 represents an important event in the context of establishing Poland’s borders after regaining independence at the end of the First World War. The article contains information on the causes that led to the outbreak of this war (the defense of the reborn Polish state against the Bolshevik Revolution as well as the establishment of the Eastern border), and on its consequences and meanings. The confrontation between Marshal J. Pilsudski’s socialist group and the nationalist group, represented by R. Dmowski, attests to the internal and international difficulties Poland faced after 1918. The re-establishment of the borders and the internal institutional system entailed the regulation of the relationship between the Polish and the national minorities on the territory of the former Polish Republic (Belarusians, Ukrainians, Jews, Lithuanians, Germans, etc.). The Polish-Bolshevik war brought to light once again the spirit of sacrifice, heroism and honor, the essential features of the Polish soul as manifested throughout history.
More...Keywords: operational military entity; logistic support; associated risk; risk management; logistic support risk management plan;
The author of the article expresses his view-points regarding the risks incurred by providing logistic support to an operational military entity. Analyzing the risks that might impact logistic forces in the preparation for and conduct of a military operation,the author reaches the conclusion that there is a need for taking into consideration a management process in this regard. It is equally necessary to make a plan of logistic risk management connected to the plans of operational risks management plan that will need to be put in practice in case of identifying potential threats to the execution structures of logistic support.Thus, the article deals with the process of managing associated risks, in five steps,starting from the identification and assessment of hazards with respect to logistic support;determining residual risk and making the right decision; elaborating and applying control techniques; assessment of results.
More...Keywords: Machine Learning; credit risk; Random Forest; KNN; Logistic Regression;
Due to the technological advancement associated with Big Data, data availability and computing power, many credit institutions are renewing their business model. Credit risk prediction, monitoring and effective credit processing are key components in the decision-making process of granting the loan. In this paper we have built models of binary classification of the default probability using Machine Learning and Deep Learning procedures, also presenting a ranking of them according to the predictive capacity on out-of-sample data. We noticed that a classification based on Random Forest is superior to Logistic Regression used intensively in banking practice. The paper presents the behavior of these models in a context in which the event of interest has a very low probability of occurrence.
More...Keywords: officer training;Habsburg monarchy;Austro-Hungarian Empire;
From the middle of the 18th to the beginning of the 19th century, the educational institutions which trained military officers for the Habsburg army went through a period of change and modernization. Their predecessor institutions had been founded by nobles, the enlightened absolutist Habsburg monarchs (Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Hungary Maria Theresa and her son and successor, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II). The highest military educational forum was the Military Academy located in Wiener Neustadt (modern-day Austria), which was founded in 1752 by Maria Theresa. Besides this institution, there also were some local institutions (like the Regiments – Knaben Erziehungshaus, which was basically a military boarding school for the boys of soldiers) which trained most of the officers’ corps. This situation became more complex after the middle of 19th century: the events and the aftermath of the Spring of Nations, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the introduction of the mandatory military service, and altogether the evolution and professionalization of the European armies had a large impact on the Austro-Hungarian Empire’s military institutions. The following paper aims to illustrate the evolution of the Habsburg and, later the Austro-Hungarian educational institutions that were responsible for the training of the military officers from 1752 to 1918.
More...Keywords: aerial photograph; 1944; Cucuteni; Băiceni; Cetățuia;
The paper aims to present and to analyze the elements of interest captured in an aerial photograph taken on 11.05.1944 by the German army above the area of Băiceni village, in whose perimeter is situated the eponymous settlement of the Cucuteni civilization. The published photograph represents an original historical document, which allows to describe the evolution of the phenomena and events which affected this important archaeological monument throughout the time.
More...Keywords: Romania; Bessarabia; Northern Bukovina; ultimatum; Second Vienna Award; Transylvania; 1940;
The study analyses the role of the military in the collapse of the country’s borders in June-September 1940. In this period, Romania found itself isolated, politically and militarily, and the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact (August 23, 1939) placed it at the discretion of the two totalitarian powers – Germany and USSR. The rapid defeat of France in just six weeks (May 10 – June 22, 1940) represented a huge surprise for the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, who expected a prolonged war, similar to that of 1914-1918. Thus, the Soviet Union kept its forces intact and were in the position to tip the balance of victory on the Western front. The new circumstances allowed Moscow to materialize its old strategic objectives. Stalin decided to act forcefully and, by two ultimatums, he demanded Bessarabia, as stipulated in the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact, and in addition Northern Bukovina, a claim which created the first breach in the German-Soviet friendship. Although Soviet preparations and intentions were well known, the leadership in Bucharest did not have a clear stance on whether to defend or evacuate Bessarabia. Under these circumstances, the army was placed in a humiliating position, being forced to surrender without a fight the territory between Dniester and Prut and Northern Bukovina. In addition, the military leadership (the minister of war and the chief of staff) invoked the unfavourable forces ratio and opted for evacuation. The same situation repeated in the wake of the Vienna Diktat of August 30, 1940, the arguments invoked being once again the difficult military situation and the prospective dissolution of the Romanian state. Again, the army was ordered to evacuate northeastern Transylvania without a fight, but the withdrawal was slightly more organized. While the decision to accept the ultimatums and the diktats was primarily political, the army, despite having a secondary role in this drama, became one of its prime victims. It was put in the position to evacuate without a fight an important part of the national territory. Thus, the leadership opted for the formula ”we cede territories to keep the state” instead of armed resistance, as it would have been the case. The non-combat approach from the summer of 1940 had and still has major consequences over the Romanian psyche.
More...Keywords: CrossFit; physical training; training; military physical education; functional movements; fitness;
CrossFit is a branded physical training program that is ”extensive, general, and comprehensive”, including a series of exercises and workouts with increasing intensity, which can be an effective form of exercise for military personnel seeking a various training routine. Based on the biomechanics of the human body translated into functional movements and exercises, which allow the daily tasks to be performed efficiently, constantly varied and performed at a high intensity, CrossFit can also have positive mental and emotional effects, raising the level of certainty of the military in relation to their own abilities, capabilities and judgments. CrossFit means a lot more than just pulling the strings in the gym; it is a great way to get in shape, gain muscle mass or lose weight, and live a healthy lifestyle. The CrossFit community is well known for its close relationships with its members, for promoting patriotism, and for supporting the local community and military veterans, working hard in a variety of ways to uphold these values.
More...Keywords: seminar; social function; applied communication; guide;
Textul de față punctează pe axa profesor-student (dar nu numai) înțelegerea conținutului și a aparatului de lucru în spațiul universitar. Discuţia are loc în contextul redefinirii seminarului ca parte a logisticii societăţii, deci latură fundamentală a „proceselor de spate” – componente ale dezvoltării societăţii. Necesitatea acestui demers cu valențe metodologice a fost sesizată în urma experiențelor didactice directe din ultimii 4 ani cu studenții din cadrul cursurilor și seminariilor în contextul instituțional a două universități: Universitatea din Craiova și Universitatea din București. Instrumentarul propus se prezintă sub forma unui ghid de comunicare aplicată, dezvoltat pe o infrastructură pedagogică de tip clasic actualizată prin inserția de accente moderne specifice procesului de predare - învățare - aprofundare - aplicare.
More...Keywords: Romania; military history; political history; Ilie Șteflea;
The stern regime of the Armistice, opportunism, dread and the insufficient involvement of some of the Romanian state leaders, of Romania’s political and military leadership and of other factors were the reasons why many of Romania’s generals would live a genuine drama in the aftermath of August 23, 1944, when they were dismissed, arrested and sentenced to hard years of detention after mock-trials. Among them, there was General Ilie Șteflea, the commander-in-chief of the General Staff, an eminent professor at the Higher School of War during the inter-war period, a remarkable commandant and military theoretician. The reading of the memoirs presented reveals not only his indignation with the allegations brought against him, which he considered unsubstantiated, but also his dignity and courage in upholding his integrity.
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