The author expounds the method of the Italian researcher (born in 1908), living in London, who - above all in his work Geography and the History of Italian Literature (1967) - starts from the assumption that the soil is more specific than the epoch. Viewing the literary events from an unusual perspective, Dionisotti convincingly shows on examples the linguistic heterogenerity' of duecento, the share of »foreign« places in the Tuscan trecento, the Latin-Italian bllingualism of the humanist quattrocento, as well as the Italian character of the cinquecento (thanks to the codification of the language). He makes special mention of the Venetian publishing industry and the almost parallel »Tridentine« stagnation which was accompanied by new social phenomena outside courtly patronage such as the emergence of the independent writer and female author under her own name. He continues his consideration emphasizing the leading role of the enlightening-romanticist North in settecento and ottocento. What the author of such a commentary can do is to add similar analyses by means of parallel and contrasting examples, furthermore to point to local omissions, »to take note« of the surprising omission of two neglected centuries - the omitted emigre seicento and the decentralized novecento - as well as a consideration of the lively literary plurilingualism from Baroque onwards. It is obvious that the Italians, apart from their mother tongue, prefer French, without any special effort to make an assessment in the opposite direction (and accept it as stimulating), i. e. to evaluate the Italian share in the works of foreigners (even in Joyce's case). If the concentration on locality could be overcome, above all if plurilinguistic creativeness could be taken into account (regardless of the »insularity« of their protagonists), a new possibility of supranational interaction would open to Dionisotti's method.
More...Keywords: image; icon; mediaeval
More...Keywords: European Union; foreigner; Yugoslavia; communism;
More...Keywords: family; wedlock; Sarajevo; Western influences; the family structure; private life; family issues
In Sarajevo in the last decades of the Ottoman rule, there were many instances of modernisation of the Ottoman society and a growing influence of Western European countries. It was particularly visible in public life; i.e. shops began resembling, more and more, those in major European centres. Consequently, the structure of population in the city gradually changed. Changes of family life had a particularly strong social component, since the wealthier families could afford to adopt these new habits and customs, while the poorer segments of population continued with traditional family life. In the structure of families in Sarajevo in the first half of the 19th century, there was a process of dissolution of big families. The average family began to have four members: parents and two children. One needs to note that the mortality rate of babies during the entire 19th century was high so that the figure illustrating an average Sarajevo family relates to the children that survived and not to those that were born. It is evident that, with these social changes, people did not get married at a very young age any more, while the age difference between spouses was between 4 and 10 years. Spouses did not show their mutual affection in public; the only public display of emotions was that of mutual respect. People did divorce one another, yet it was a very rare occurrence. The wedlock was most often broken by death of one of spouses. If the head of family died, the surviving members of his household were faced with great difficulties. Taxes for transfer of ownership and debts were among these difficulties that struck families left without their head. The space where families exercised freely their private, intimate life was their homes. In the Ottoman period, to have a home meant to have one’s own house. Traditionally, the way houses were constructed with separate parts for men and women was maintained in most homes, although Western influences were felt more strongly in the choice of furniture, particularly in the homes of emerging urban elite, mainly among merchants. Immigrants, mainly from Western European countries had special influence on the family life; their lifestyle gradually influenced all segments of life of domicile population of Sarajevo.
More...Bibliography of Polish literature
More...The paper examines the heraldry of the Bosnian medieval magnate family Jablanić - Radinović - Pavlović, based on original sources. The author discusses the question of forming of a family coat of arms, its original appearance and the development of seal-arms symbol under the influence of specific domestic and foreign predecessors. There is no doubt that the figure of the Pavlović family crest is a fortified town. The Bosnian origin of the symbol is the seal of ban Matej Ninoslav. The author considers Ninoslav’s seal as the cornerstone of main branches of Bosnian heraldry, including the royal one, and the starting point of three hills (coupeaux, dreiberg) figure which was the Bosnian contribution to the Hungarian heraldry. The question of the reliability of version of family coat of arms given in the so-called Illyrian armorial is also discussed. The Dubrovnik nobility status granted to Radoslav Pavlović led to the expansion of Dalmatian - Mediterranean municipal heraldry in his family area. Possessions of these magnates came in the intersection of two heraldic poles: Western Hungarian - Bosnian and Dalmatian - Mediterranean. The researches and conclusions of Ćiro Truhelka on the crest of this family are activated in the paper.The questions of meaning of the shield image are raised: a universal symbol or certain - particular place, as well the open - royal town which can be explained only as possible privilege granted by the Hungarian king.
More...Political rights as women’s rights—open questions and challenges Contribution to the discussion on the Law of equality of sexes in Bosnia and Herzegovina Rape crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina—local and international dimensions Women in Islam—an open debate
More...Esad Duraković, THE POETICS OF ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL ARABIC LITERATURE: ORIENTOLOGY, prijevod na engleski jezik: Amila Karahasanović,Routledge, London and New York, 2015, 262 pp. Muḥammad M. al-Arnā’ūṭ, WAQF AL-MAR’A FĪ ‘ĀLAM AL-ISLĀM. MUQĀRABA ĞADĪDA LI MAKĀNA AL-MAR’A FĪ AL-MUĞTAMA‘, Ğadāwil, Bayrūt, 2014, 237 p. Muḥammad M. al-Arnā’ūṭ, MIN ALTĀRĪH AL-TAQĀFĪ LILQAHWA WA AL-MAQĀHĪ, Ğadāwil, Bayrūt, 2014, 172 p. Esk İ Türk Edeb İyatı Çalışmaları VII: Mecmua : Osmanlı edeb İyatının kırkambarı , Hazırlayanlar: Hatice Aynur, Müjgan Çakır, Hanife Koncu, Selim S. Kuru, Ali Emre Özyıldırım, Turkuaz Yayınları, İstanbul, 2012, 527 s. Mirsad Sijarić, Hladno oružje iz Bosne I Hercegov Ine u arhe - ologIjI razvIjenog I kasnog srednjeg vIjeka / Cold -steel Weapons from Bosn Ia and Herzegov Ina In the Archae - ology of the HIgh and Late Med Iaeval Per Iods. Univerzitet u Sarajevu, Zemaljski muzej BiH, Sarajevo, 2014, 433 pp. + LXXXIV tbls. + num. illustr., phot., diagrams and maps. Pol ITIcs , Patronage and the Transm Iss Ion of Knowledge In 13th-15th Century Tabr Iz. ed. Judith Pfeiffer, Iran Studies, vol. VIII, (Leiden-Boston: Brill), 2014, 397 pp. Norman Housley, Crusading and the Ottoman Threat 1453-1505, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012, 242 pp. OPŠIRNI POPIS TIMARA MUSTAHFIZA U TVRĐAVAMA KLIŠ-KOG SANDŽAKA IZ 1550. GODINE, prevela, obradila i pripremila za štampu Fazileta Hafizović, Naučnoistraživački institut “Ibn Sina”: Sarajevo, 2014, 620 str. Hatidža Čar-Drnda, NASTANAK MOSTARA, NJEGOV URBANI I DEMOGRAFSKIRAZVOJ DO KRAJA 16. STOLJEĆA, Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu, Posebna izdanja XLIII, Sarajevo, 2014, 367. str. Elma Korić, ŽIVOTNI PUT PRVOG BEGLERBEGA BOSNE: FERHAT PAŠA SOKOLOVIĆ (1530.-1590.), Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu, Posebna izdanja XLIV, Sarajevo, 2015, 321 str. + 6. Nabil Matar, British Captives ftom the Mediterranean to the Atlantic , 1563-1760, The Atlantic World 28, (Leiden), Brill, 2014, xiii, 334 pp. Mediterranean Slavery Revisited (500-1800), eds. Julianne Schiel, Stefan Hanẞ, Chronos Verlag, Zürich, 2014, 587 pp. Mustafa ‘Âli’s EpIc Deeds of ArtIsts . A CrItIcal EdItIon of the EarlIest Ottoman Text about tha Call Igraphers and PaInters of the Islam Ic World . Ed., transl, and comm. Esra Akın-Kıvanç, Islamic History and Civilization, edid. Sebastian Günther and Wadad Kadi, 87, (Leiden-Boston),Brill, 2011, 490 pp. + tbls. Paul L. Heck, Skepticism in Cla - ssical Islam : Moments of Confusion , Routledge, London and New York, 2014, 215 pp. Rebecca R. Williams, MuḤammad and the Supernatural : Medieval Arab Views , Routledge, London and New York, 2013, 219 pp. Unity in Diversity: Mysticism , Messianism and the Construction of Religious Authority in Islam (ed. Orkhan Mir-Kasimov), Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2014, 424 pp.
More...„Kad dođe vreme, neće biti vremena.“ To mi je kazao zubar, moj drug iz studentskih dana, dok sam se pridizao iz aerodinamične, poluležeće stolice. Osećao sam se kao Denis Hoper na probnom snimanju za „Easy Rider 2“. To poređenje se pojačalo kada mi provereni ortak nonšalantno tutnu tabletu u obliku medaljona suza, boje svetle tikve, na kojoj je pisalo „C 20“.
More...Keywords: World War I; charity; Croatian Music Club “Lisinski”; concerts;
This paper analyses nine charity concerts held by the Croatian Music Club “Lisinski” during World War I, with particular attention being given to the musical component of the concerts. Since the concerts were supposed to cater to as broad a public as possible, the programme was arranged very carefully and above all deliberately because the organisers hoped to recover the costs through donations. This makes them an excellent source for studying social history and the changes caused by World War I. Concerts were arranged in 1915, 1917, and 1918, while the performed works included pro-Monarchy compositions written early during the war, works by composers from the Slavic lands within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, and even works by Serbian authors performed in 1918. Works by Croatian authors were, naturally, always present and included musical classics and contemporaneous young composers.
More...Keywords: LGBT; discrimination; sexual orientation; gender identity; hate speech; criminal offenses; private and family life; human rights; employment; education; inhabitation; sport;
Godina 2010. bila je ključna za LGBT zajednicu širom svijeta jer je tada Odbor ministara/ministrica Vijeća Evrope usvojio Preporuku o mjerama suzbijanja diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i rodnog identiteta. Ovaj važni dokument sadrži mjere koje države trebaju usvojiti da bi suzbijale diskriminaciju po ovim osnovama. One su u skladu s Konvencijom za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda i njenim protokolima, a Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) je potpisnica Konvencije, što znači da ih treba primjenjivati, iako sama Preporuka ne predstavlja obavezujući dokument. Bosna i Hercegovina je 2012. godine, u okviru ILGA-Europe projekta, predstavila izvještaj pod nazivom “Praćenje provedbe Preporuke Vijeća Evrope o mjerama za borbu protiv diskriminacije zasnovane na seksualnoj orijentaciji ili rodnom identitetu”. To je bio prvi put da se naša država ozbiljno posvetila položaju LGBT zajednice u svim sferama života. Izvještaj je pokazao da se LGBT osobe u BiH štite samo Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije BiH i propisanim krivičnim djelima počinjenim iz mržnje u Republici Srpskoj (RS) i Brčko distriktu (BD). Međutim, nisu održane nikakve obuke za nadležne institucije kako bi im se prenijelo odgovarajuće znanje o rješavanju problema s kojima se ova populacija suočava. Učešćem u prvom projektu praćenja, stekli smo neophodne informacije o tome koje bi aktivnosti trebalo poduzeti. Sarajevski otvoreni centar je intenzivirao saradnju s nadležnim institucijama i, zahvaljujući njihovom radu i radu drugih nevladinih i organizacija civilnog društva, BiH je usvojila izmjene i dopune postojećeg Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije, tako da on sada uključuje (adekvatno navedene) seksualnu orijentaciju i rodni identitet, kao i spolne karakteristike, kao osnove za zabranu diskriminacije. Zakon o ravnopravnosti spolova također garantira jednako postupanje prema svim osobama, bez obzira na njihov spol ili seksualnu orijentaciju. Iako je zakonodavni okvir unaprijeđen u protekle tri godine, u našem društvu i dalje postoji diskriminacija, govor mržnje i nasilje prema LGBTI zajednici, što onemogućava LGBTI osobama da žive normalan život i uključuju se u sve vrste društvenih aktivnosti.
More...Keywords: biological intelligence; artificial intelligence; information; causal entropic forces; predictions
A simple physical formula, F = T ∇ Sτ, stands out among a number of definitions of intelligence. Roughly translated, this means that intelligence is a thermodynamic force which maximizes the freedom of choice in the space of the real world. The formula raises criticism and further analysis shows that it depicts evolution rather than intelligence. Intelligence realized in the brains and the systems of artificial intelligence are based on information processing, virtual models and a correction of errors between predictions and material reality. In fact, such intelligence widens the space of freedom. The evolutionary mechanism by which biological intelligence has emerged is based on the positive reciprocal feedback between the increasing complexity of the nervous system and effective adaptation to the environment which is categorised as inclusive fitness. This principle seems to be limited by the law of energy allocation (trade-off principle). Evolution of intelligence is promoted by accumulation and free and easy exchange of information, which, in turn, is a result of social life typical for intelligent biological systems. In these systems intelligence is regarded as an integration of information, which is inevitably attributed to other psychical functions, such as long term memory, motivation, problem solving and consciousness. The crucial question is whether consciousness is necessary for the emergence of intelligence or not. Coexistence of biological and artificial intelligence may be described by two opposing models: the ecological principle of G. Gause, which states “one niche – one species” or an analogy of the theory of the endosymbiotic emergence of eukaryotes, proposed by L. Margulis. The extrapolated advancement of self-improving artificial intelligent systems confers practical significance to this question.
More...Keywords: Greek religion; Late Bronze Age; Linear B texts; development of religion; archaeological evidences; Mycenaean documents; paleography of inscriptions;
In his attempt to evaluate more accurately the contribution of Linear B texts to a knowledge of the early phase of the development of Greek religion, the author first gives a short survey of the conclusions that had been reached (prior to the decipherment of the Linear B script) on the basis of literary sources and the archaeological evidence that had been known at that time. It had been expected that the Linear B texts would solve controversial problems concerning the origin and the early period of Greek religion, but these hopes were only partially fulfilled. In view of the fact that their syllabic writing is inadequate to render Greek words with precision, the data from Mycenaean documents should be used cautiously and with a critical attitude. In the identification and interpretation of individual words, provided by these written documents special attention should be paid to the paleography of the inscriptions, to linguistic peculiarities of the archaic Mycenaean dialect as well as to the context, where the treated words appear. Interpreting the data from the tablets through philological and contextual methods and also taking into account parallels from other sources, especially archaeological ones, the paper deals with the following questions : a. What do the Linear B texts tell us about Mycenaean religion and to what extent they confirm or deny the conclusions derived from archaeological discoveries and philological analyses before the decipherment of the Linear B script? b. What new light do they shed on the Mycenaean cult? c. What conclusions could be drawn from etymological analyses of the divine names encountered on the Mycenaean tablets? d. What data do the documents offer as to the controversial question of whether or not there were separate temples in addition to domestic shrines? e. Is there any connection between the Mycenaean civilization and Greek mythology?
More...Keywords: identity; the Czechs; Jazvenik; clothes;
A group of Czech people whose ancestors have moved to another part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century lives in Jazvenik. Due to political changes, the Empire has divided into several states and this ethnic group has become a national minority. The aim of this paper is to research the ways the historical changes have reflected from the macro to the micro level, that is, to the culture and the everyday lives of individuals. During the process of assimilation the majority of Czech people have changed their national identities. This change has been influenced mostly by political and economic changes, as well as marital connections. From the offical documents, one could conclude that there are merely few Czechs in Jazvenik. I was interested in whether this group of people has preserved Czech cultural identity. I have therefore asked my informants to tell me which are the distinguishing features that create the difference between the Czechs and the Others. Within a family, life is very different from the lives of Croatian families; for example, they speak Czech, use Czech names, eat Czech food, as well as celebrate some parts of calendar and life customs. That means that the cultural identity lives within families; however, it has lost its elements since the 1960s. Parts of customs or even the whole customs that were present only within families have begun to disappear. However, the customs in which more people participate, for example, the carnival customs, not only continue to live, but also become enriched with new elements, taken from other Croatian Czechs. In these processions ‡ today performed in much wider area than before ‡ participate also people who have changed their "official" identity. That means that some elements of the Czech culture are present also within families, having no task of being the Czech identity markers, unlike other elements which are intended for the public sphere. The members of this group define the cultural symbols which they will emphasize. Since the identity is a variable category, ethnicity and identity live, that is, are being changed and their continuity does not mean a fixed authenticity. The transformations of (individual, group, local, ethnic and national) identity have been shown through clothing. The overview of clothing can show us several stages. In the first half of the twentieth century, clothes of the Jazvenik Czechs was different from the clothes of the Croats only on the local level. The way people dressed has not have the task of emphasizing ethnic differences, but was merely of practical. The symbolic function of costumes has began to be gradually emphasized since 1925. Namely, numerous members of this community, especially the young, have participated in Czech harvest. Activities of cultural and arts society, primarily the stage performances, has turned national costume into a means of presentation and identification on the local, regional, national and international level. The creation of today's national costume the way it is shown in stage performances has been strongly influenced by a Czech choreographer whose aim was to strengthen the cohesion of the Jazvenik Czechs with other members of this minority in Croatia, as well as with the Czechs in their homeland. Although the origins of the adopted costumes does not match the territory from which the Jazvenik Czechs have moved, they have accepted them as a means of identification. While they change their individual national identity, their group ethnic identity continues to live. The third stage is when the carriers of the (group) Czech identity (the cultural and arts society's dancers) perform at the International Folklore Festival in the Czech Republic in these Czech national costumes, but with Croatian national symbols (state flag). I consider this example to be the best confirmation of the manifold identity of individuals.
More...Keywords: Pink Report; 2019; Bosnia and Herzegovina; human rights; LGBTI people; politics; legal framework; discrimination; gender studies; equality of LGBTI persons; public institutions; NGO;
Ministarstvo za ljudska prava i izbjeglice Bosne i Hercegovine je tokom 2017. godine izradilo i uputilo Nacrt akcionog plana za ravnopravnost LGBTI (lezbejki, gej, biseksualnih, transrodnih i interspolnih) osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini 2018–2020. entitetskim vladama. Akcioni plan prati strukturu preporuka Odbora ministara Vijeća Evrope državama članicama vezano za suzbijanje diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i rodnog identiteta te sadrži pregled stanja, neophodne mjere i očekivane rezultate. Vlada Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH) je na sjednici održanoj u septembru 2018. dala pozitivno mišljenje na upućeni Nacrt navodeći da su potrebne određene korekcije koje se odnose na finansijski okvir, metodologiju vrednovanja realizovanih aktivnosti te uključivanje pojedinih državnih subjekata, kao što je to bio slučaj sa Centrom za edukaciju sudija i tužilaca Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (CEST FBiH). Može se zaključiti da u FBiH blagi napredak na ovom polju jeste postignut, uz napomenu da nije izvjesno kada će doći do usvajanja s obzirom na to da nisu poduzete nikakve daljnje mjere te da se trenutno formira nova vlada FBiH. Vlada Republike Srpske (RS) očitovala se negativno o predloženom Nacrtu, navodeći kao razlog neprovođenje javnih konsultacija s nadležnim institucijama RS prilikom izrade. Do momenta pisanja izvještaja Vlada Brčko distrikta nije se očitovala o Nacrtu akcionog plana za ravnopravnost LGBTI osoba. [...]
More...Keywords: USA; tourism; Amish; experience; power; communication;
During the course of five months of 2011 I spent in the USA, I gained a certain experience capital that seemed suitable for the analysis and interpretation through a tourist discourse, and in the analytical key that consists of theory of power and theory of communication. In that sense, I thought it was especially important to stress my attempt to find an authentic tourist scene that later on I tried to turn into a real social influence. One of the experiences that turned out to be especially important in that sense, is the meeting with an Amish community member and my brief stay with him. Analysing that meeting I tried to explore the possibility of reducing tourist transaction to a communication event within which, and with the help of which the power is reproduced and distributed.
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