Series:Językoznawstwo

Dictionary of the body language of the Poles

Słownik mowy ciała Polaków

Author(s): Krystyna Jarząbek / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: linguistics; nonverbal communication; ethnolinguistics; glottodidactics

Communication between people takes place at two, usually parallel, levels. One of them is a verbal communication, the other one – a non‑verbal one, conducted with the use of means other than words. These two types of communication should be understood in the situational and cultural context. This publication focuses on the kinetic code, which, according to the scientists, includes conventionalized movements performed during communication by: 1) hands (gestures), 2) face muscles (facial expressions), 3) head, trunk and legs (body posture).Attempts to organise the conventionalised gesture and mimic behaviours of certain linguisticand cultural communities in the form of a dictionary have been made by various countries– therefore their authors are foreigners. The presented dictionary has been prepared by a Polewho within the scope of her academic interests has been involved in nonverbal communication of the Slavs. The author intended to provide the dictionary users with material that should enable them to better understand the body language of the Poles – a product of the Polish culture.The publication contains a description of the conventional gestures, facial expressions andpostures, referred to as kinetic signs, that support the verbal communication. It is arranged inthe form of thematic groups covering signs which are the same or similar in semantic terms.Most of the discussed signs are obligatory – all persons who participate in the communicationprocess must therefore know how to use them. Other signs, being rude and “unparliamentary”, are optional, and well‑mannered persons do not use them at all. However these persons should know their meaning in their best interest. This knowledge decides on the degree of the communication competences of the communication participants.Apart from the Introduction and the List of entries, the dictionary consists of the Table of contents; the List of applied abbreviations, signs and symbols; the Thematic index; the Alphabetical index and the References.All entries of the Dictionary of the body language of the Poles include the following fixedelements: sing name; sign form; sign content; context, i.e. the scope of the usage of a particular sign; information on the relationship existing between the sign and the verbal layer; set phrases or collocations which record gestures, facial expressions and postures comprehensible to the Poles and a photograph illustrating a particular sign.The presented dictionary is addressed mainly to Polish teachers; academic workers of institutions and departments of foreign philologies in Poland and in other countries; Polish philology students who learn Polish as a foreign language; linguists; ethnolinguists; culture experts; experts in glottodidactics; literature translators and foreigners who learn Polish. This dictionary may also be used to a varying extent by: educators, psycholinguists, etiquette experts and anyone interested in relations between the verbal and non‑verbal communication.

I choose grammar! For C-level foreigners and for students of philological departments. Rev. 3rd. ed.

Wybieram gramatykę! Dla cudzoziemców zaawansowanych na poziomie C i dla studentów kierunków filologicznych. Wyd. 3. popr.

Author(s): Małgorzata Kita / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: grammar; inflection; word formation; syntax

The textbook is intended for people who already familiarised themselves (at least with the rudiments) of the Polish grammatical system, for people to whom this system is no longer alien and who went through the process of overcoming the difficulties of Polish morphology. The author focuses on the practical application of grammar. The book consists of four parts each of which presents the particular levels of the language: the sound, inflectional, word-formative and syntactical systems. Each part is accompanied by a reference index of the equivalents of basic Polish grammatical terms in four languages: English, French, German and Russian. The index is arranged according to subjects. Grammatical information should be treated as a synthetic presentation of a repository of the grammatical instruments and mechanisms of the Polish language. By indicating the grammatical regularities and the mechanisms of the Polish language the author directs the reader’s attention also to more subtle phenomena, the niceties of grammar, the awareness of which and the familiarity with which as well as the purposeful application in communicative practice render the language which is studied more and more familiar.The difficulty curve of the exercises is varied: apart from easy exercises there are also such exercises which demand considerable intellectual effort, so that the reader who engages them does not fall into the trap of repetitive rote-learning and that his or her approach to the tasks that he or she is set is creative, that the reader who solves grammatical problems of varying complexity does not perceive himself or herself as the object of study but a partner of this fascinating form of social interaction that is the process of acquiring a language. At the other side of the book – by the intermediation of the author and her suggestions as well as of the suggestions of an optional teacher, who is going to engage directly with the student – is the LANGUAGE itself and the cultural heritage of Polish people which is expressed in this language. Hence the selection of the literary texts (which constitute an exemplification of the particular grammatical phenomena), which were drawn from the Polish literary output. These excerpts manifest a linguistic, stylistic, content-based, emotional and (partially) chronological variety.

Irreal reality. A quasi-documentary series in the light of linguistic genology

Rzeczywistość od rzeczy. Serial paradokumentalny w świetle genologii lingwistycznej

Author(s): Alicja Bronder / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: quasi-documentary series; docu soap; linguistic genology; Discourse of television; TV

The present monograph entitled Irreal reality. A quasi-documentary series in the light of linguistic genology offers a holistic analysis of the title television text, which has lately gained more and more popularity in media discourse. The work constitutes the first in Polish scholarship comprehensive discussion of a quasi-documentary series treated as a genre, taking into account its features at each discourse level: structural, cognitive, stylistic, and pragmatic. In the conducted analyses, the polysemiotic context, vital for the observation of multimedia texts, as well as the relation between the codes belonging to different semiospheres have been taken into consideration. The perspective outlined in this way has allowed for the use of linguistic tools (textological and genological) in the observations of complex messages, not just verbal ones, which frequently escape monodisciplinary research attempts. The study is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. The former presents research tools that are applicable to audiovisual text analyses, and therefore to a quasi-documentary series: the theory of text, including the problem of the polysemiotics of text, linguistic and film/media genology, television discourse, an intriguing phenomenon of television voyeurism, as well as the issues concerning language in TV. Furthermore, on the basis of available publications related to, inter alia, the field of cultural and media studies, the problems with defining quasi-documentary series itself have been surveyed, and data subjected to investigation within the conducted research have been presented.The second part of the monograph is constituted by practical chapters, containing the results of the analyses of the genre of a quasidocumentary series. Four of the chapters subsequently demonstrate genre aspects: structural, cognitive, stylistic, and pragmatic, and also in detail discuss each feature and indicate functions performed by them in the standard genre. The considerations have been additionally illustrated with extensive research data, which has allowed for the portrayal of the problems analysed and their more complete presentation. The empirical part concludes with an extensive chapter summarizing the analyses, gathering the most important conclusions drawn from the studies performed. The whole work is wrapped up with the final concluding chapter.The present monograph is aimed both at linguists focusing on genologic problems, as well as at media experts, sociologists, and culture experts, and also at persons interested in pop culture and its influence on receivers. The author expresses the hope that the presented research results will become an inspiration for more careful observations of mass culture texts, which, despite appearing to be irreal sometimes, nevertheless constitute a substantial means of observing the mentality and condition of a speech community, which is formed by each of us.

The Anatomy of Intercultural Encounters. A Cross-Cultural Sociolinguistic Study

The Anatomy of Intercultural Encounters. A Cross-Cultural Sociolinguistic Study

Author(s): Grażyna Kiliańska-Przybyło / Language(s): English

Keywords: intercultural encounters; intercultural competence; personal narrations; critical events; linguistic consciousness; intercultural communication

We live in a time when a contact (personal or virtual) with foreigners is inevitable. The present publication focuses on the characteristics of intercultural encounters, interactions that hold among the participants of such encounters, as well as on discussing the factors which play an important role during intercultural communication. The intercultural encounters have been discussed from two points of view, theoretical and personal, taking into account the experiences of students of English philology of Polish and Turkish descent. On the one hand, the publication informs of the specificity of intercultural contacts and allows to observe the mechanisms that develop during such meetings; on the other hand, it functions as a source material in the form of personal reflections of the subjects, stories and anecdotes related to intercultural communication. Therefore, the book is addressed both at students, travellers and persons who frequently communicate with foreigners, as well as at teachers or persons engaged in intercultural training courses.

Spaces of translation Vol. 1

Przestrzenie przekładu T. 1

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Polish

Keywords: artistic translation; specialist translation; interlinguistic transfer

The present monograph is devoted in full to the issues of translation. The articles are the outcome of academic reflection upon the problems of interrelations between language and culture, upon the phenomenon of intercultural transfer, upon the functioning and reception of translated texts. The research results presented here take into consideration various methodological and ideational approaches. The volume is intended for both theoreticians and professional translators, as well as for all those who are interested in this area of study.

Re-Readings and New Horizons in Hispanic Studies. Vol. 3: Culture and Translation

Relecturas y nuevos horizontes en los estudios hispánicos. Vol. 3: Cultura y traducción

Author(s): / Language(s): Spanish

Keywords: Hispanic studies; culture; translation studies

The third volume of the monograph presenting the diversity of hispanic research is devoted to cultural phenomena and traductology. The issues presented by researchers from Polish and foreign research centres include the following: linguistic means of ideological discourse, analysis of the programme of the Ibero-American Exhibition in Seville, a press image of the Portuguese-Spanish relations, concepts of translation equivalence, specialist translations, reception of Czech and Spanish translation theories.

Re-Readings and New Horizons in Hispanic Studies. Vol. 4: Linguistics and didactics of the Spanish language

Relecturas y nuevos horizontes en los estudios hispánicos. Vol. 4: Lingüística y didáctica de la lengua española

Author(s): / Language(s): Spanish

The last volume of the Relecturas y nuevos horizontes en los studios hispánicos publication contains articles presenting the variety of linguistic research and didactic solutions in the contemporary hispanic world. The linguistics section deals with issues such as manipulation of journalistic discourse, selected causal constructions, spatial metaphors used in legal language, persuasion in the press addressed to men, linguistic politeness, the use of tenses in Polish and Spanish Civil Code, self-censorship as a pragmatic phenomenon, and historical use of honorary titles. The second part of this volume contains seven texts presenting a panorama of the contemporary methodology of teaching Spanish both in Poland and around the world.

Current Developments in English Historical Linguistics: Studies in Honour of Rafał Molencki

Current Developments in English Historical Linguistics: Studies in Honour of Rafał Molencki

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: english historical linguistics

The co-authored monograph entitled Current Developments in English Historical Linguistics: Studies in Honour of Rafał Molencki is a festschrift for professor Rafał Molencki, composed of 16 articles written by his friends and co-workers from Poland and abroad. The book contains texts covering different aspects of historical linguistics, which fit into broad research in the history of English and Scottish. The opening article is a humorous text written by Jerzy Wełna, who presents the profile of professor Molencki and offers etymological and cultural discussion of his first and family names. The remaining articles have been divided into three thematic parts entitled Medieval English Syntax, Semantics/Lexis/Translation and Phonology. The present volume constitutes an excellent review documenting the variety of research problems, methodology and language data that are currently employed by historical linguists interested in the history of the English language. It contains studies into grammaticalization, micro- and macroscale research, as well as theoretical and empirical texts devoted to semantics, phonology, syntax, and even translation.

Written into literary, cultural and linguistic landscapes... Anniversary publication dedicated to Professor Bernadeta Niesporek-Szamburska celebrating forty years of her academic and didactic work (full)

W krajobraz literacko-kulturowy i językowy wpisane… Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana Profesor Bernadecie Niesporek-Szamburskiej w czterdziestolecie pracy naukowej i dydaktycznej (całość)

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Polish philological education; cultural and literary didactics; linguistic didactics; teacher education;academic education;

: In the academic community, an anniversary publication is an academic volume which constitutes a special expression of appreciation to the researcher to whom it is dedicated. Forty years of academic work of Professor Bernardeta Niesporek-Szamburska became an inspiration for her friends, co-workers and students to prepare an anniversary publication The texts collected in this volume a varied both in terms of themes and with respect to genres – they include articles grounded in different areas of research (literary studies, linguistics, didactics of language teaching and literature teaching), essays, personal expressions directed towards the Jubilarian. The authors of the articles employ different methodologies and research tools, and the subjects of their interpretations are different texts (created by children, and also about children and for children).The articles were collected in three chapters: Literary and cultural landscape... (14 articles, including ones on linguistic poetry, phraseology and paremiology in Wanda Chotomska’s poetry, stereotypes of ethnic otherness in interwar literature for children and young adults, poems for children by Joanna Mueller, the motif of the donkey in The Four Musicians of Bremen and other cultural texts, the activity of a student motivated by required reading, the image of a mother in the story Po kamienistej drodze by Gustaw Morcinek), Linguistic Landscape... (16 articles, including ones on the linguistic culture of Polish people, the means of popularizing linguistic correctness among the young users of language, functional shaping of language, developing the skills of speaking, stimulating linguistic creativity of children, orthography, research on the linguistic image of the world of children and young adults), Landscape different to all others...(7 articles devoted to, among others, academic education and the development of didactic competencies of teachers, models of perceiving disability by authors of Polish Language textbooks, digital technology in modern schools) in order to, on the one hand, demonstrate the richness and variety of research connected with Polish language and teacher education and, on the other, to indicate the broad field of interests of Professor Bernardeta Niesporek-Szamburska, her academic quests, landscapes passed along her research journeys.The book is addressed to Polish language scholars, students of Polish philology, teachers of Polish language and literature and pedagogues.

Community in language - language in the community

Społeczność w języku – język w społeczności

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Tradition and Contemporariness in Research on Slavonic Languages. A Festschrift Dedicated to Professor Anna Zych

Tradycja i współczesność w badaniach nad językami słowiańskimi. Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana Profesor Annie Zych

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Polish

Keywords: slavonic languages; Anna Zych

Compound nouns and phrasal nouns in English and Polish

Compound nouns and phrasal nouns in English and Polish

Author(s): Bożena Cetnarowska / Language(s): English

Keywords: compound nouns; juxtapositions; classifying adjectives; Construction Grammar;Construction Morphology;

The present monograph discusses compound nouns and juxtapositions (i.e., phrasal nouns) in Polish and English, focusing on the interaction and competition between the processes of coining both types of linguistic units. The phrasal nouns under analysis include combinations of classifying adjectives and nouns in any order, for instance, English electrical engineer, hard disk, Polish inżynier budowlany ‘construction engineer,’ zimowe opony ‘winter tyres’; coordinate noun-noun juxtapositions, such as Polish torba-worek ‘holdall bag,’ kelner-barman ‘waiter and bartender’; and combinations of nouns and genitive attributes (English women’s college, Polish dom studenta ‘student hall of residence’). Constraints on forming compound nouns in Polish are illustrated. Compound nouns and phrasal nouns are divided into classes according to the typology of composite expressions postulated by S. Scalise and A. Bisetto. Emphasis is placed on demonstrating that phrasal nouns exhibit a mixture of phrasal and word-like properties. Difficulties are pointed out in drawing a strict and non-arbitrary border between morphological compounds and syntactic phrases, and in identifying subtypes of phrasal nouns which differ in their degree of similarity to regular noun phrases. The phenomenon of univerbation (i.e., morphological condensation) in the Polish language is discussed. The framework adopted in this monograph is the theory of Construction Morphology, formulated by G. Booij, who shows that principles of Construction Grammar can be applied felicitously in the analysis of morphologically complex words. Construction Morphology has been adopted mainly by researchers who study Germanic and Romance languages. In the present monograph construction schemas are proposed for selected types of compound nouns and phrasal nouns in Polish and English. The mechanism of schema unification is employed in order to represent the internal structure of interfixal-suffixal formations in Polish. It is demonstrated that the model of Construction Morphology is particularly felicitous in the study of phenomena at the border of syntax and word-formation, such as interaction and competition between morphological compounds and phrasal lexemes. Although the linguistic data under analysis come mainly from Polish and English, multi-word units from other Indo-European languages are mentioned where appropriate. Theoretical considerations are supported by numerous examples culled from on-line corpora, such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP).

Lexicographical description of legal terminology for the purpose of legal translation from French into Polish Object oriented analysis of lexical units belonging to the class of objects <persons in family relations>

La description lexicographique de la terminologie du droit pour les besoins de la traduction juridique du français vers le polonais

Author(s): Ksienia Gałuskina / Language(s): English,French,Polish

Keywords: legal terminology; legal translation

The subject of this monograph is lexicographic description of the terminology of law, with special emphasis on its use in the translator’s work environment, precisely in the context of machine and computer-aided translation. This description is based on the model developed by W. Banyś in the context of object-oriented description of lexical units. This work constitutes an application of this model to the lexical description of legal lexical units belonging to the analysed class of objects <persons in family relations>. The monograph consists of two parts. The first is descriptive, and it aims to provide a disciplinary and theoretical framework for this work. The first chapter discusses briefly the notions of legal language, legal text and legal translation. It explains distinction between different types of machine translation (rule-based, statistical, hybrid, neuronal) and computer-aided translation. Two fundamental approaches to description of terminology are presented: prescriptive and descriptive, and the emphasis is put on the importance of using linguistic corpora in terminological research. The second chapter presents an object-oriented description. A detailed discussion of the object-oriented description of lexical units by W. Banyś is accompanied by the outline of the following theoretical concepts: the object classes by G. Gross, the theory of Sens-Texte, the generative lexicon theory and the WordNet ontology, including, where possible, their suitability for the description of specialized lexis in the field of law. The third chapter discusses issues related to the object-oriented description of the specialized vocabulary, with particular focus on the selection process and the final choice of lexical units for the analysis, as well as the selection and exploration of corpora. The model of object-oriented description of lexical units is descriptive and its purpose is to present the language of law in its authentic form. The second part of the work is practical. It presents the lexicographic description of lexical units selected for the analysis, conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined in part one. It consists of the tables containing a description of fifty-two lexical units belonging to the object class <persons in family relations> and one lexical unit belonging to the superclasses: <persons> and <subjects of law>. These tables illustrate the use of W. Banyś’s lexicographic model to describe the units of the language of law.

The grammar of a regulation as a premise of an interpretation-related decision

Gramatyka przepisu jako przesłanka decyzji interpretacyjnej

Author(s): Mateusz Zeifert / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: law interpretation; cognitive linguistics; grammar; syntax;legislative technique;

The work is devoted to the grammatical plane of the language of the legal acts and the role which it performs in the process of the interpretation of law. The first part of the book contains an introduction to linguistics for lawyers – a brief description of three great trends of 20th-century linguistics, i.e. structural linguistics, transformation-generative linguistics and cognitive linguistics, as well as a discussion of their influence upon jurisprudence. Then there is a description of the peculiar nature of the language of legal acts in the grammatical layer. The second part presents examples of grammatical problems which appear in adjudication, such as: the syntactic structure of a sentence, conjunctions, punctuation, declension categories and conjugation categories. The analysis employed almost two hundred rulings of Polish courts, as well as the Polish- and English-language subject literature. The third part constitutes conclusions drawn from research: a description of the argumentation which refers to the grammar of a regulation, interpretation- and editing-related guidelines, and an analysis of the problems under discussion from the perspective of a linguistic theory known as cognitive grammar. The merit of the work consists in three principal features. Firstly, it engages a problem which heretofore was underexplored in the (Polish and international) literature. Secondly, it skilfully utilises the output of linguistics, and in particular, cognitive linguistics – which heretofore was not tackled in jurisprudence. Thirdly, it was based on large-scale research of the body of rulings of the Polish courts, which also imparts a practical significance to it.

Speech fluency disorders – theory and practice Vol. 2

Zaburzenia płynności mowy – teoria i praktyka Tom 2

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: speech fluency disorders

Spaces of translation Vol. 3

Przestrzenie przekładu T. 3

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Polish

Keywords: translation

Discourse in a comparative aspect

Dyskurs w aspekcie porównawczym

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Polish

The ambition of the monograph is not to formulate a single binding definition of discourse, but to analyze and describe its various variants both in a single language and in a comparative aspect. The authors of individual studies draw attention to the historical and cultural variability of verbal interactions, and thus to the dynamic character of the analysed category. The focus of their attention was, on the one hand, on problems related to the description of different types of discourse, identification of their differential features, relations between the discourse category and the linguistic picture of the world, and, on the other hand, on issues related to structural and linguistic changes that can be observed within traditional genres, as well as the description of new genres that are formed under the influence of interactive media. Changes in the current models of linguistic behaviour, above all in the functioning of addressative forms and politeness formulas, resulting from social, political and cultural transformations, were also discussed.The monograph is addressed to all those interested in the problems of discourse, the methodology of its description and the relation of discourse to such categories as style, text, and the linguistic picture of the world.

Representations of the world in discourses (models, images, visions)

Reprezentacje świata w dyskursach (modele, obrazy, wizje)

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Ciao! Me uala? Why the Talamonese change the code Cognitive analysis of the alternation and change of code between Italian and the Talamonese dialect

Ciao! Me uala? Perché i talamonesi cambiano il codice. Analisi cognitiva dell'alternanza e del cambio di codice tra l'italiano e il dialetto talamonese

Author(s): Dominika Dykta / Language(s): Italian

Keywords: cognitive linguistics; profiling; speech acts; dialect; alternation; changing of code

The aim of the thesis is to analyse, from the cognitive perspective, the phenomena of alternation (alternanza) and changing of code (cambio di codice) in the Talamona language. The choice of Talamonese, which is a local talk, takes into account historical, topographic-demographic aspects, its distance from Italian standard, and the language preservation. Both of this phenomena represent speech acts (atti linguistici) and are examined through the profiling the felicity conditions in particular communicative situations. The profiles that are applied present the Talamonese as a dialect that serves to alternate the codes and to change the code. The first chapter is dedicated to the dialectical study in Italy and in Poland, to the story of the Italian language, and to the variety of different perspectives of dialects relationship between Italian and the dialect with the particular focus on the alternation and changing of code in diglossia and bilingualism as well as placing the dialect in the Italian linguistic repertoire. The second chapter examines alternanza and cambio di codice, both seen as sociolinguistic phenomena and as speech acts. I was inspired by the articles of R. Kalisz (1994), O. Sokołowska (2001) who analysed speech acts cognitively. The analytic method used is that of profiling of the construal of R.W. Langacker (1987, 2009). The analytical part aims to describe examples of studied phenomena collected by means of a semi-structured interview and a sociolinguistic questionnaire. The respondents discussed the problems of dialect, which also emerged from previous sociolinguistic studies. Cognitive analysis of alternation has allowed to distinguish three profiles: functional, that of communicative competence, and habitual. In the part devoted to changing the code the profiles are the following: expressive, habitual, that of communicative competence, and functional. Each profile contains examples where only one of the felicity conditions is profiled. The analysis leads to the following conclusions: (1) the acts of alternation and changing of code in the functional profile are intentional, in the habitual and expressive profile are unintentional, in the communicative competence profile both intentional and not; (2) prototype cannot be established for a concrete profile; (3) most of the examples are code-switching, while only a few examples relate to the code-mixing and loanword. From the analysis we could observe that Talamonese as a dialect of a little town is an important part of Italian culture.

Conceptualizations of relations through neutral prepositions in French. A cognitive approach

Les conceptualisations de relations au travers des prépositions neutres en français. Une approche cognitive

Author(s): Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik / Language(s): French

Keywords: preposition; conceptualization; imagery; semantic-cognitive scheme; semantic invariant

The monograph contains a coherent description of the functioning of three French prepositions de, à and en, which belong to the group of neutral prepositions, i.e. polysemic enough that reaching the meaning is based on the relational function in the context. These prepositions com-pete with one other and with other prepositions in expressing the same relations between the same objects, eg. aller en France / à Paris / dans la France de son enfance / dans Paris; continu-er à faire / continuer de faire; parler à / de / avec; de plus / en plus. Their functioning in a sim-ple or contracted form is also problematic, due to the presence of an article, eg aller à Paris / au Portugal; s’échapper de prison / de la prison.