Semantyka czasownika degustować w świetle Modelu ,,Sens ←→ Tekst”

Author(s): Dorota Hamerlok / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article constitutes a study of semantics of the Polish language. The analysis presented in this study aims at describing the meaning of the Polish verb to sample/to taste (‘degustować’). The research material has been excerpted from selected dictionaries of the Polish language, both historical and contemporary. The first, theoretical section of the article presents the main assumptions of the “Meaning ←→ Text” Model. The following section, on the other hand, is devoted to a diachronic analysis of the semantic evolution of the lexeme ‘to sample’. The third and key section attempts to use the “Meaning ←→ Text” Model for the purposes of description of the selected verb. The analyses presented in this paper prove that applying such established linguistic methodologies to new research material can be beneficial and facilitates new, interesting conclusions.

Wolne żarty! – wybrane cechy dawnych językoznawczych tekstów polemicznych (na przykładzie artykułów opublikowanych na łamach „Języka Polskiego”)

Author(s): Maria Zając / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article constitutes an attempt at characterizing the linguistic mechanisms characteristic off historical linguistic polemics and identifying their function in the analyzed texts. The research material is comprised of four historical academic articles (authored by Jan Łoś, Tadeusz Lehr‑ Spławiński, Zenon Klemensiewicz and Stanisław Rospond). The conducted analysis allowed to identify the most commonly used linguistic mechanisms, both when it comes to pragmatics (the sender‑receiver relationship) and stylistics (the ways in which the sender exposes their emotional disposition towards the described phenomena).

O niektórych heterogenicznych polsko‑ukraińskich homonimach i paronimach międzyjęzykowych (na wybranych przykładach)

Author(s): Olena Stanishevska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article has been written on the basis of historical, sociolinguistic and etymological study concerning the interaction of the Slavic languages: Polish and Ukrainian. The importance of this article consists in its pioneering study of paronyms and homonyms in Ukrainian and Polish, focusing on the etymological aspect, on the basis of a comparative approach to homonymic lexical units, which, in turn, reveals the importance of ‘false friends’ in the contemporary social life. The aim of this study, then, is to showcase selected homonymic and paronymic lexical units in the etymological aspect.

Prožít mládí na venkově, přežít válku. Kilka słów o różnicy między czeskimi prefiksami czasownikowymi pro‑i pře‑na tle polskiego przedrostka prze‑

Author(s): Dorota Górnicka‑Urban / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on identifying the differences between the two Czech verb prefixes pro‑ and pře‑, whose Polish equivalent is the prefix prze‑. The author analyzes pairs of Czech verbs derived from the same root and prefixed with the aforementioned prefixed, excerpted from the Czech National Corpus. The research material consists of those pairs of Czech verbs with the prefixes pro‑ and pře‑ for which there exists a Polish equivalent with the prefix prze‑ (e.g. projít/ přejít – przejść; to walk).

Smaki Słowenii – o kulinariach w ujęciu autostereotypowym

Author(s): Maria Wacławek,Maria Wtorkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Culinary arts are an important part of every nation’s culture. The goal of the following article is to discuss the linguistic‑cultural view of the Slovene culinary arts from an auto‑ stereotypical point of view of the Slovene people. For the analysis, the authors used the operational categories of a Polish ethnolinguistic school, while the article is based on academic surveys. The article differentiates two thematic circles, which reconstruct the image of Slovene culinary arts: 1) the general characteristics of Slovene cuisine, 2) specific dishes, ingredients, drinks, etc. The linguistic worldview captured in the discourse on culinary identity is one of the main factors influencing the cultural identity of a given community.

O roli plotki w mediach masowych i nie tylko. Ujęcie genologiczne

Author(s): Aleksandra Kalisz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article is an attempt at a generic categorization of the gossip, a genre of the oral provenance, more and more readily utilized in the mass media. The comparative analysis of two kinds of gossip — the oral version as well as the internet version — not only allows to grasp the differences between the two but also makes it possible to trace the interactions between the compared forms.

Analiza dyskursu elektronicznego w kontekście aktywności internetowych botów

Author(s): Rafał Nocuń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the phenomenon described in the title, well‑known in the world of the social media, in the context of studies on language and discourse on the Internet. The first part is devoted to a review of literature on the subject, both in Poland and abroad. One of the most important methods of online discourse analysis introduced in the article is a tool proposed by an American scholar, Susan Herring. The following part of the article concerns the phenomenon of Internet bots, the social and political context of their emergence, and the analysis of the discourse concerning the phenomenon.

Werbalna i wizualna realizacja komunikatu w blogach kulinarnych

Author(s): Elwira Topolnicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present culinary blogs as Internet genres which are characterized by a cohesive worldview of the sender, and whose messages are realized in a particular segmented structure. The article focuses on the necessity of a multimedia approach to the presented content, while still referring back to traditional, printed forms. The analysis of the verbal and visual aspect of the messages has been connected with a particular worldview of the authors. The article, therefore, attempts a polisemiotic overview of online culinary blogs and identifies a three‑part structure consisting of the introductory part (headline), the body of the text (content), and the final part (footer). The article focuses on interpreting the names (titles) of the blogs, as well as their nominative, descriptive and pragmatic functions. Moreover, it presents a detailed description of the conceptualization and visualization of the message.

Obraz świata doczesnego w polskim dyskursie katolickim

Author(s): Marzena Makuchowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article shows the increased presence of the image of the evil world i n t he c ontemporary Polish Catholic discourse. Teaching about the evil nature of this world (earthly, temporal) belongs to the theological truths of Christianity, but the fearful, pessimistic image of reality is also a means of combating phenomena, ideas, etc. unaccepted by the Church. The author limited her analysis to the word world and its closest lexical vicinity, which evaluates this concept negatively. They are: adjectives such as de‑Christianized, impious; vocabulary that creates an image of the world’s activity in doing evil, a world subject to degradation, a place where bad things happen, a world that needs God’s mercy, rescue and change, etc. The presence of this image is on the one hand a convenient rhetorical measure that organizes a sermon, and on the other — a manifestation of the continuation of the dichotomous language that divides into its own and enemies. The negative image of the world (and Europe) also serves to maintain the autostereotype of good, Catholic Poland.

Reprezentacja czy iluzja? Dyskurs manifestacji publicznych kobiet w Polsce

Author(s): Magdalena Steciąg / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Jakie aksjomaty i postawy moralne sterują polskim dyskursem o gospodarce?

Author(s): Irena Szczepankowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the paper specifies two ideological types of the contemporary Polish discourse about economy, that is observed in the media. They are called capitalist and anti‑capitalist types and treated as two idealized models with their more or less typical variations. The aim of this paper is to indicate the crucial values governing the moral attitudes of the discourse participants. The author points out the opposite moral perspectives. For the Polish supporters of capitalist economy, the hard work understood as an individual activity is the most important value that determines moral axioms, such as: “A person who works hard should be justly rewarded, and the one who is lazy should be punished”, so the wealth and the poverty are morally justified. For the opponents, who appreciate mostly the welfare state, a fair economic system can guarantee the prosperity to all citizens by making demands, such as: “The rich people should share their wealth with the poor”.

Pamięć zbiorowa jako dyskursywne reprezentacje wiedzy o przeszłości. Analiza niemieckiego dyskursu pamięci o wydarzeniach jesienią 1989 roku

Author(s): Waldemar Czachur / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to reflect on the role of language in the emergence of collective memory. Collective memory is understood as representations of knowledge related to the past, shaped by language patterns in discourses. This phenomenon was discussed on the example of the term ‘friedliche Revolution’ [peaceful revolution] and its functions in the German discourse of memory.

Strukturalnotekstowe wyznaczniki dyskursu naukowego wieków dawnych

Author(s): Artur Rejter / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The work concerns the problem of text structure determinants described as the features of Polish academic discourse at a stage of its forming during the period of 16th.—17th. centuries. The analysis covered the ways of putting the information in order on three main text levels: the order of text frame; the global order; the local order. The research proved that many of features present in ancient academic discourse are typic for academic discourse at a stage of its stability, too. However, some of them one should connect with the epoch culture, as well as with the editorial rules of ancient printed texts.

Jak memy (internetowe) pamiętają?

Author(s): Marta Wójcicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The goal of the article — which title refers to a monograph of one of classics of the collective memory theory Paul Connerton ‘How societies remember’ — is an attempt to show methods of remembering and modelling collective memory in Internet memes, which — according to the author — determine discussion with the official political and media discourse. Collective memory is understood as an included in cultural texts image of the past of a particular social group (Wójcicka 2014), which affects the perception of the present and future of that group. Internet memes are memory carriers. By using visual and verbal means of expression they function in collective memory due to practices of recording and implementation. The paper answers the question: how is the past remembered/memorized/reminded/forgotten in memes?

Obraz wspólnoty kibiców piłki nożnej (na podstawie relacji z meczów reprezentacji Polski)

Author(s): Beata Grochala / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author presents the ways of creating (preserving) the community of sports fans by sports commentators. Such a community is identified with the national community, but only in a certain aspect of reality. It is exemplified by the usage of the inclusive “we”, its emotional convention and references to the national symbols. This way all the Poles are included in the community of sports fans. This community is ephemeral — constructed only for the time of the TV broadcast — but also renewable — it is reconstructed during successive broadcasts.

„Raport z oblężonego korpo” — kreowanie i wykpiwanie obrazu rzeczywistości przez „Młodych, wykształconych i z wielkich ośrodków”

Author(s): Alina Naruszewicz-Duchlińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present the image of the world and a particular social group (young employees of corporations), created by the author of a Facebook profile and satirical texts published in the Do Rzeczy weekly magazine. At face value, the profile and the texts praise political correctness and (neo)liberalism, but in reality, they treat them ironically. The heroes of the stories and their narrator use a sociolect parodying “corpo‑speech” and the manner in which the “left‑wing” media present reality. There are also numerous allusions to current political and cultural events, which are presented subjectively, humorously and with stylistic virtuosity.

Koniec popkultury? Kultura popularna — diagnozowana przez studentów

Author(s): Annette Siemes / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Miejsce Polski w Europie ukazane w tekstach literackich na podstawie wywiadu z Przemysławem Czaplińskim

Author(s): Anna Dutka-Mańkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Rzeczywistość stworzona słowami. Galicyzmy jako element „języka alternatywnego” w Jak zawsze Zygmunta Miłoszewskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Kita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this article Zygmunt Miłoszewski’s novel “As always” (2017) belonging to the type of literature called “uchronia” is discussed. The author creates alternative reality of post‑war Poland, which starts alliance with France. The consequence of such version of history is the change of Polish language depending on introduction of new “galicisms” to the language of Poles living in the sixties of 20th century. Author of the article is analysing the use of that forms. As a part of the language of the second half of 20th century, connected with the geopolitical situation, French loan words existing in the novel become a part of the discuss of that period.

Obraz „gimbazy” w dyskursie literackim (na materiale książki Anny Cieplak Ma być czysto)

Author(s): Ewa Sławkowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

To approach the epistemologically exceptional phenomenon of the way in which young people participate in the world of electronic media, we reach towards Anna Cieplak’s novel It Has to Be Swept Clean (2016) to describe its literary and textual mechanisms. We present a catalogue of the most important phenomena which seem to characterize the world of “gimbaza” (young people in the 13 to 15 age bracket) concentrating on the novel’s title, the titles of particular chapters as well the typographical design of the page. We also analyze the electronic world sociolect used by the characters of the novel with such its features as abbreviations, heavy impact of the English language, neologisms and eliptical‑visual communication. The analysis of the material allows for the conclusion that literary discourse preserves its ability to transcendit own boundaries thus revealing its potential for both hybridization of literary structure and intensification of the language itself.