Biserica în Europa

Author(s): Valerian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The present study illustrates the fact that the majority of the best characteristics of the European society derive from its Christian legacy: the European culture, the European civilisation have developed, to great extent, through the spiritual impulse of Christianity. Europe has a tradition of thought and culture fundamentally marked by Christianity, irrespective of the fact that an European is or is not a believer, a Catholic, an Orthodox or a Protestant. Europe, with its two stylistic sides - the West and the Orient - has been, for almost two thousand years, a Christian edifice.

УЧАСТИЕТО НА ЕКЗАРХ СТЕФАН В СЛАВЯНСКИЯ СЪБОР В СОФИЯ, 3–4 МАРТ 1945 Г.

Author(s): Bisser Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2022

The article examines an episode of the activities of Exarch Stefan just before the end of the war in Europe – namely, his participation in the Slav Congress in Sofia, scheduled for the beginning of March, 1945. The initiative took place shortly before two very important for the Bulgarian Orthodox Church events. Firstly, in January, Metropolitan Stefan, with the approval of the Fatherland Front government, was elected Bulgarian Exarch; and secondly, a month later the imposed by the Patriarchate of Constantinople schism on the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, was lifted. The bright and remarkable presence of Exarch Stefan at the Slav Congress on 3-4 March 1945 was a manifestation of the harmony between church and state interests at that point.

Odzienie rekluz według średniowiecznych „Reguł dla pustelnic” a ubiór bł. Doroty z Mątów

Author(s): Marta Kowalczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

A medieval life in seclusion led by lay recluses was known and respected in accordance with applicable provisions of "Rules". All rules discussed in the publication were rooted in the "Rule" written in about 540 AD by Saint Benedict of Nursia for monks in Monte Cassino. His recommendations concerning proper clothing were presented in the first part of this elaboration. Next, requirements related to recluses’ clothing were discussed. These include "RegulaSolitariorum" written in the IX century by Grimlaico, "De "institutione inclusarum" by Saint Aelred of Rievaulx and "Ancrene Wisse". Later come records from source documents of John of Kwidzyn who provided its works with information on the clothing of blessed Dorothea of Montau who on 2 May 1393 was officially let into and locked in her hermitage, located inside the cathedral of Kwidzyn, in the south part of the lower choir. The source documents prove that blessed Dorothea, living in seclusion, had a coat, coif and sheepskin coat, which corresponds to the requirements of the aforementioned "Rules" for anchoresses, recluses. Blessed Dorothea also had her footwear, yet usually walked barefooted to mortify her body. Based on familiarization with clothing principles specified in Rules applicable to recluses and confrontation of these guidelines with information on clothing of blessed Dorothea of Montau, as presented in the source documents, it is possible to emphasize the care given by the representatives of the Order of Teutonic Knights and the bishop of Pomesania to make sure regulations and recommendations of the Church with reference to the mystic ofKwidzyn were strictly followed.

Katolicy elbląscy w pierwszym ćwierćwieczu XVIII w. w świetle księgi zgonów parafii staromiejskiej

Author(s): Katarzyna Kurasz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Royal Prussia was the most developed region of the Republic of Poland in the 18th century. Elbląg, along with Gdańsk and Toruń, was the largest city in Royal Prussia. The beginning of the 18th century was full of negative events for this city and the whole state. Already in 1700 the Northern War broke out, which lasted until 1721. At the same time, a plague epidemic broke out in Europe. In some areas it even reached several dozen percent. The aim of this article is to present the environment of the Catholics of Elbląg and to analyse the mortality rate in this group on the basis of the death book of the Old Town parish of St. Nicholas.

Depopulacja i dekatolizacja Irlandii

Author(s): Krzysztof Bielawny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Ireland has retained its affiliation to the Roman Catholic Church for many centuries. No pressure from the English caused a departure from the Roman Catholic Church. Great havoc was wreaked on the Irish population by a potato blight that lasted for several years inthe mid-19th century. The population declined by more than 50%. Over three million Irish emigrated from the Green Isle, one million died and those who remained numbered just over three million. Enormous demographic havoc was wrought on the Irish population by antinatalist ideas. The ideas of the civilisation of death coming from the British Isles created an anti-conception, abortion and, in time, divorce mentality among the Irish. The Irish subjected to the civilisation of death on the Green Isle were unable to return to the population levels of the 1840s, when Ireland had a population of around 8 million. The number of Irish people living outside their country living according to God’s and natural law has grown from 3 million to 75 million in 170 years since the mid-19th century. In Europe, the contraception and abortion and divorce mentality has robbed the Irish of a living faith in God. Faith became solely a cultural heritage. Which ultimately led this nationto accept a civilisation of death in their lives that is leading their nation into non-existence.

Kościół pw. Matki Bożej Królowej Świata w Kisielicach i jego odbudowa (1945 – 1992)

Author(s): Andrzej Starczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

The Gothic church in Kisielice has a medieval origin. It was built between 1331 and 1340 by the Stang family, on the southern edge of the town. It originally bore the title of St John the Evangelist and belonged to the Pomezanian diocese. At the time of the Reformation, in 1576, the church was taken over by the Evangelical community, which administered it until 1945. During the warfare of the Soviet Army, in early 1945, the entire roof structurewith its ceramic covering collapsed, damaging the interior of the church. On 25 June 1946, the first post-war parish priest in Kisielice, Fr Jan Przybylski, was appointed. His task was to create a Roman Catholic church community and rebuild the destroyed temple. His activities in this office, which he held until 21 June 1957, had mixed results. The Bishop of Warmia, Tomasz Wilczyński, handed over the post to the Pallottine Fathers on 22 September 1957. From that moment the work of reconstruction of the church began, crowned by the rite of consecration on 28 August 1960 (Bishop Wilczyński). Over the following years, this Gothic temple was successively furnished with new elements of interior decoration, in compliance with the liturgical norms contained in the documents of the Second Vatican Council. Since 1992, the church and the Roman Catholic parish in Kisielice have belonged to the Diocese of Elbląg.

Jedność Kościoła w „Expositio Symboli Apostolorum” Jana z Kwidzyna

Author(s): Marek Karczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

The second half of the 14th century was a time of debates and postulates for the renewal of the Catholic Church. n this historical context, the main theological work of Johannes Marienwerder’s (1343 – 1417), "Expositio Symboli Apostolorum", was written. John of Kwidzyn is considered an outstanding representative of theologians associated with the University of Prague. The article deals with the unity of the Church according to Expositio. Johannes Marienwerder points out that the unity of the Church results from its relationship with Christ, from the sacrament of baptism and from Christian love. Moreover, the sacrament of theEucharist and the sacrament of Penance are closely related to the unity of the Church. Her

Blessed Pauline Maria Jaricot and her Works

Author(s): Jacek Neumann / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2022

Pauline Marie Jaricot was born in 1799 in the family of a wealthy industrialist and owner of a silk factory, as one of seven siblings. She was greatly influenced in her childhood by her brother Philae, who later entered the Paris Seminary of Foreign Missions. In 1816 she made a perpetual virginity vow. She visited the poor of Lyons and helped them. Under the influence of her brother, she undertook the work of material support for the missionary ministry. She set up the first groups in her father’s silk factory. Soon the idea found followers all over Lyon, giving rise to the Society of the Propagation of the Faith. From 1826 she undertook activities aimed at popularizing the prayer of the rosary. She created a Work called “Living Rosary”. Pauline Jaricot also supported the workers spiritually and materially. She tried to build a factory whose shares would be owned by the workers. However, she entrusted her organization to managers who turned out to be dishonest and defrauded her property. The administrator of her family’s fortune not only ruined her, but also incurred serious debts in her name, and therefore she lost everything and died in poverty.

Błogosławione Siostry Elżbietanki: męczenniczki czasu II wojny światowej

Author(s): Zdzisław Józef Kijas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

The submitted text is a reflection on the figure of the Christian martyr. He is a witness to the truthfulness of faith in God, who is life. This concept of martyrs found its application in the books of the New Testament. Henceforth, an authentic witness is one who not only gives verbal testimony to something or someone, but testifies to it with his own life. The motive for them is the beatification of 10 Elizabethan martyrs. They were: Sister M. Edelburgis Kubitzki († February 20, 1945); Sister M. Rosaria Schilling († February 23, 1945); Sister M. Adela Schramm († February 25, 1945); Sister M. Sabina Thienel († March 1, 1945); Sister M. Adelheidis Töpfer († 24 March 1945); Sister M. Melusja Rybka († 24 March 1945); Sister M. Sapientia Heymann († 24 March 1945); Sister M. Felicitas Ellmerer († 25 March 1945); Sister M. Acutina Goldberg († 2 May 1945) and Sister M. Paschalis Jahn(† 11 May 1945). Their beatification took place on June 11, 2022 at the Wroclaw Archcathedral. All of them were murdered by Red Army soldiers in the final months of World War II. Who, then,is a Christian martyr? What is his strength? The strength of the martyr is Christ. However, it is not enough to believe in the strength Christ gives to be victorious in the fight against evil. It doesn’t help to be passive, but something more is needed. It takes the light of conscience. A martyr becomes a witness to truth, goodness, justice only because he was first a man of conscience. His life was beautiful because it was a life according to a beautiful conscience.

CREAȚIA CORALĂ RELIGIOASĂ A COMPOZITORILOR BĂNĂȚENI ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI XX

Author(s): Ciprian-Cătălin Roman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2022

The musical art of the Banat region has asserted itself since the 19th century due to its originality. The establishment of choral societies and gatherings in the second half of the 19th century will lead to a flourishing of choral music in this land. Among the oldest choral formations in the Banat region, we mention the Ion Vidu choir of Lugoj, founded in 1810, and the plowmen's choir from Chizătău, founded in 1857, the first village choir in Banat and in Romania. The religious choral creation from Banat at the beginning of the 20th century is very impressive.

THE LAW ON IMPROVING THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF THE LAY CLERGY IN THE KINGDOM OF ROMANIA - PRELIMINARIES

Author(s): Vasile-Lucian Goldan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 44-45/2020

Ensuring a constant minimum income for all clergy is an old problem of the Romanian Orthodox Church. During the royalty, the financial motivation of the lay clergy in Romania was the main concern of the synods, which tried to find support in the Parliament, forming a law project in this regard - one of the initiators being Metropolitan Iosif Naniescu. The precarious financial situation and the dissatisfaction of the lay clergy led the synods to look for new solutions to solve this problem. The chosen solutions would satisfy and displease the lay clergy, the aspirants in theology and the non-clerical staff of the parishes. Among the chosen solutions were the reduction of the number of ordinations and the monopolization of the manufacture and sale of cult candles by creating a production and a distribution network, the resulting profit following to be used to support the salaries of clerical and non- clerical staff of the churches.

THE BEGINNINGS OF THE ORTHODOX CHORAL MUSIC IN BANAT

Author(s): Veronica Laura Demenescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The present work proposes an incursion into the beginnings of choral processing of Orthodox music from Banat (a western region of Romania). Relatively new, this musical genre entered the Orthodox churches of Banat only in the last one hundred and fifty years. A great role was played by the composer Ion Vidu, the one to whom the success of this implementation in a par excellence homophonic environment is linked.

Clericii ortodocși între tentația legionară și susținerea Frontului Renașterii Naționale

Author(s): Dragoş Pârcălabu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 59/2022

The political regime of king Carol II, in which patriarch Miron Cristea was the prime minister, represented a new paradigm of the relationship between the State and the Romanian Orthodox Church. Desiring popular support, the king and patriarch involved the Orthodox clergy in political propaganda activities. This article analyses how priests, who had been active in the Iron Guard, related to the new political regime.

За секуларизма и религиите

Author(s): Mario Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Ognjen Krešić, The Hilandar Monastery and the Eastern Balkans in the 18th Century: Cultural and Economic Ties, Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies, 2021, 251 pp.

Author(s): Dragana Lazić Stojković / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2022

BEING BYZANTINE IN THE POST-1204 EMPIRE OF CONSTANTINOPLE: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE (POLITICS, GOVERNMENT, CHURCH AND RELIGION)

Author(s): Filip Van Tricht / Language(s): English Issue: 71/2022

The impact of the Latin conquest of Constantinople has often been treated from either the perspective of the Western newcomers who established themselves in various Byzantine territories, or from the perspective of the Byzantines who left the regions that came under Latin control and who managed to establish themselves elsewhere (Nicaea, Epiros, Trebizond). In this contribution the momentous consequences of the Fourth Crusade are addressed from the perspective of those Byzantines that came under Latin rule. By zooming in on a selection of individuals and subgroups a picture is sketched of the varied Byzantine experience within the confines of the (Latin) Empire of Constantinople after 1204. Attention will be given to the various – political, religious, socio-economic and cultural – spheres of society. The focus is on the capital and the region around Constantinople, but other regions come into view as well (Thessaloniki, Adrianople, Philippopolis, Achaia/Morea, Attica, Beotia, Euobia, Crete, etc.). Chronologically this contribution is primarily limited to the period until the loss of Latin Constantinople in 1261.

The Spread of Byzantine Hesychasm in the Romanian Countries in the XIVth-XVth Centuries

Author(s): Cristian Gagu / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2022

The flowering of Hesychast spirituality in the Byzantine Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries influenced, over time, the development of the spiritual life of the Orthodox peoples in the Balkans and the north of the Danube. From the 14th century onwards, hesychastic spirituality began to penetrate to the left of the Danube, first in Wallachia, and then spread to other Romanian provinces. The present study aims to highlight the main ways of penetrating hesychastic spirituality in Romanian countries, to follow its spread and development in these places and to highlight its role and importance in the evolution and development of church and cultural life of Romanians.

Teadussümpoosion sõna jõust tartus

Author(s): Reet Hiiemäe / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 10/2016

Report on the conference “Word Power” organized by University of Helsinki and University of Tartu, held from 25th to 27th of April 2016.

Muka po Mateju u hrvatskoglagoljskim i ćiriličkim tekstovima (na primjeru Pariškog zbornika Code Slave 73, Hrvojeva misala i Hvalova zbornika)

Author(s): Tanja Kuštović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2022

The Paris Miscellany Code Slave 73 is a Croatian Glagolitic code from 1375, and it is the oldest Croatian Glagolitic monument. It contains texts of various contents, and among other things, it contains biblical-liturgical texts, including the texts of the Passion. Hval’s miscellany is a medieval manuscript written in Cyrillic for the Bosnian prince Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić at the beginning of the 15th century (1404). From the very look at the titles of these three monuments, we see that they are two collections and one missal, with prince Hrvoje “belonging” to both the missal and the collection. The collection texts are characterized by non-liturgical content. However, the two texts that will be studied in the paper have as their integral part precisely the liturgical contents that we cannot say are unexpected, but they are not the rule either. Of course, the texts of the Passion are an indispensable part of the missal. The analysis of the texts of the Passion will try to establish whether there are linguistic differences and similarities between the collection texts on the one hand and liturgical texts on the other, i.e., whether there is an influence of non-liturgical texts within the studied collections on the language of the Passion.

Tetraevangheliarele liturgice chirilice tipărite timpuriu publicate în ținuturile medievale românești în secolul al XVI-lea. Prezentare generală și analiza minologhioanelor

Author(s): Jerzy Ostapczuk / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The subject of this research is the general characteristics (typographical, textual, and compositional) and analysis of the commemorations of saints and feasts present in the Menologia of Romanian-Bulgarian Tetraevangelia issued in the 16th century. The study was based on all liturgical Gospel Books issued before the year 1800 with particular attention drawn to all Early printed Cyrillic liturgical Tetraevangelia issued in the lands of medieval Romania, i. e. nine extant today copies. Different textual classifications of all Romanian Gospel editions into groups and subgroups were presented based on the text readings revealed in several Gospel fragments, prefaces to the Gospels and Chapter Titles. A textual analysis of Menologia focused on the number of days in the twelve months, the presence or absence of saints and feasts, and verbatim correspondence of commemorations’ names, served as another way for the textual and liturgical classification of these nine extant today Romanian-Bulgarian Tetraevangelia. The tables present the most convincing examples for all conceivable classifications. A full list of all the commemorations present in the Menologia of eight extant Romanian-Bulgarian early printed Cyrillic liturgical Tetraevangelia, as well as all missing ones, were also presented in this publication.