ПОВТОРИТЕЛНИ СИНТАКТИЧНИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ В БЪЛГАРСКАТА РАЗГОВОРНА РЕЧ
The article examines some of the most typical syntax structures in Bulgarian colloquial speech. Those with duplication of an element.
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The article examines some of the most typical syntax structures in Bulgarian colloquial speech. Those with duplication of an element.
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Elements of Divkovićʼs syntax – primarily constructions expressing the relationship of possession – are analyzed and commented on with reference to the time when Divković created his work, and to standard Croatian syntax. This paper shows how in Divković’s texts (and in those of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bosnian Franciscans in general ) there are several syntactic elements which more or less diverge from the general syntactic elements of the time in all variants of the Croatian literary language (occuring under Latin influence), and are more like those of modern Croatian syntax. For example, the possessive form of the name of God,and of living beings in general (formed from appellatives) are frequently expressed in the form of an adjective, while the use of the genitive for expressing possession (formed from apellatives) are rare and most frequently used in poetic expression. This use of the genitive and possessive adjective is confirmed for expressing possession with personal names in the works of Slavonian writers from the eighteenth-century (a century after Divković).It is interesting that although Bartol Kašić does not mention the correlation between the genitive possessive and the possessive adjective in his Institutionum linguae Illyricae libri duo, equivalent Croatian adjectives formed from names and appellatives are included with the Latin genitive possessives of personal names and appellatives which signify possession.
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The paper analyses selected stylistic and linguistic properties of Šitović’s Pisma od pakla. Father Lovro Šitović was the member of Bosnian literature. He uses figures of speech which are common for all the Baroque literature. This has also been confirmed by corpus. The paper also analyses Šitović’s basic phonological and morphological features. Šitović’s word formation is very interesting. These new derivatives will be analyzed in this paper. The paper also considers some basic types of word formation.Attention will also be drawn to Šitović’s lexical stratification.
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The aim of this paper is to present and examine some of the basic and general characteristics of the syntactic operation of Wh-movement , as well as the formation of root and embedded Wh-questions in English and BCS.
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This paper affirms that the subject-predicate relationship is characteristic of the verb phrase, and not of the sentence. The subject is a syntactic function that is carried out within the verb phrase not outside it. If the sentence is defined as the sequence which includes the above-mentioned relationship, the concept of sentence would be redundant. However, there are strong differences between the two. The author of this paper argues that the sentence is a paradigmatic unit, as opposed to the verb phrase which is a category of the syntagmatic unit, the phrase. Furthermore, the sentence belongs to the declarative level of the textual part of grammar in contrast to the phrase (including the verb phrase) that belongs to the syntactic part of grammar. The concepts of sentence and phrase are thus both necessary but they do not converge.
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Despite a relatively large number of research papers discussing corpus-based discourse analysis for medicine, few attempts have been made to uncover the rhetorical distinctiveness of subdisciplines such as Genome Bio-Science, Nursing, Public Health, and Clinical Surgery. The aim of this study is to apply the frequencies of verbs (including modal verbs) found in medical research articles (RAs) among these four subdisciplines to materials development by incorporating a specialized concordance search interface and Moodle-based courseware for medical students.
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This study measured student gains in overall second language proficiency and in targeted vocabulary and grammar (noun and verb phrases) with pre- and posttests in a 20-week data-driven learning program using a parallel Japanese-English concordancer and bilingual corpus. Beginner level engineering students at a Japanese university followed a four-step methodology, working in pairs in class and individually for homework. Collected feedback from students on computer- versus paper-based concordancing indicates a blending may be most effective. Student feedback on the role of the L1 in parallel concordancing indicates those using nonvetted computer-based concordancing rely most on the translation.
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The aim of this paper is to illustrate how the Czech National Corpus is used for teaching the Czech language. More specifically, it explains how the use of a data-driven method in teaching Czech is likely to differ from teaching English or other analytical languages. Instead of focusing on lexical patterns, students’ assignments include observing inflectional forms and formulating grammar rules based on analysing concordances. In the empirical research presented here, learners of Czech spent two hours in class undertaking some specific corpus tasks. In spite of very limited training, they were able to use the corpus software and benefit from the findings using simplified queries: they did not need to use any corpus query language – a simple word search suffi ced. One of the tasks was to display the lemma and tag of the node word and identify its grammatical form. This task emerged as an important one because it shows how a corpus can complement dictionaries, where learners cannot find all inflectional forms. Texts simplified according to the level of profi ciency are the order of the day in Czech textbooks – authentic texts are rare. And full conjugations and declensions are typically taught before students engage with texts at all. Corpus-based exercises can therefore serve as a useful step in fostering an understanding of a text. An analagous research was conducted on native and non- native studens of Czech. This study thus demonstrates the potential of corpora in teaching highly inflectional languages, including Slavonic languages.
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The English tense-aspect system has been identified as notoriously difficult for EFL learners from a variety of mother-tongue backgrounds and proficiency levels. This is due to such factors as inadequate descriptions of tense and aspect in teaching materials or differences between the English tense-aspect system and the tense-aspect systems of the learners’ native languages. This paper examines learner use of tense-aspect forms on the basis of the Bulgarian and German components of the International Corpus of Learner English. The focus of the study is on learner misuse of tense-aspect forms and the methods to measure it. The results show that both learner groups have problems with the sequence of tenses, although their accuracy rates for the individual tense-aspect forms differ.
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This paper presents an analysis of selected error types that appear in a learner corpus of students’ examination work in English, tagged for part of speech (POS) using CLAWS7. The study focuses on verbs and embraces two aspects: errors made in POS- tagging of verbs, and non-word errors made by students in words tagged as verbs. Non-word errors are words which do not belong to an English word list. The erroneously POS-tagged verbs were mostly non-words, but some were other parts of speech. In the latter case the errors may have been caused by the context in which the students used these words. The non-word errors were in most cases spelling errors but also morphological errors mainly connected with creating the past forms and –ing forms.
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This paper focuses on a multi-level approach to interference in advanced English interlanguage based on three studies using the German, Spanish and French subcorpora of the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage ( LINDSEI). The studies aimed to provide insights into: the scope of interferenceinduced errors (using the German subcorpus of LINDSEI); learner-centred identification and explanation of errors to explore the learners’ competence / performance level (using the German subcorpus); as well as the extent to which interference-induced errors occur due to congruent structures in the target language and the learner’s L1 (using the German, Spanish and French subcorpora).
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This study documents the procedures put in place to create and analyze spoken learner corpora from advanced second-language speakers. The first part describes the development of CAST, an on-line proficiency test, and is followed by a report on an ESL pilot study based on spoken responses from the CAST test; criteria are examined that elucidate effective discourse – of interest were subordination, the use of the past tense and the frequency count of individual lexical items. There is a brief discussion of procedures in developing a similar review of Arabic, Persian and Japanese items; in Arabic, dialectal differences were of interest and in Japanese the examination of word frequency is extended to key words. The study ends with an outline of procedures for displaying the data for ongoing instruction and curriculum development.
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V negativních a imperativních tvarech v textech s významem rada, doporučení nebo upozornění se v makedonštině používá v podstatě nedokonalý vid. Na rozdíl od makeodnštiny se v češtině v různých textech používají oba vidy s tím, že určitou přednost má nedokonavý vid.
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V této práci je představena předložka v/vo s časovým významem v makedonštině, v češtině, v ruštině a v srbštině. Vysvětluje se také zvlaštní použití předložky v/vo ve spojení s dny týdne.
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This article discusses one of the problems of written communication – the problem of perception of the text with typos. Typos are a serious hindrance when reading text. Especially "meaningful" typos interfere with adequate understanding written. In this regard, the experiment was conducted, the essence of which is to clarify, through which an ordinary native speaker reads a written, overcoming errors.
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The paper deals with expression of causal relations in Russian and Czech languages in contemporary newspapers. Examples of causal relations were taken from Russian newspapers Metro Санкт-Петербург and Деловой Петербург. There were used Czech equivalent newspapers Metro and Hospodářské noviny for comparison. The core of the paper consisted in analysis of dependent expressions.
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Japoncadan Türkçeye yapılan çevirilerde, Japoncada sıklıkla kullanılan fakat Türkçeye aktarımı sözkonusu olduğunda çeviri sorunlarına sebebiyet verebilen çeşitli sözcük, ifade ve gramer kalıpları karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dilbilimci Berke Vardar tarafından çeviribilim1 alanındaki çeviri sorunları “Biçimsel-Sözdizimsel, Sözlüksel-Anlamsal ve Deyişbilimsel” olarak gruplandırılmakta, Japoncayla Türkçe karşılaştırıldığında da dilbilimi açısından bu sorunlar “Biçimsel, Sözdizimsel ve Anlamsal” farklılıklar şeklinde kendini göstermektedir. Bu unsurlara Dilbilgisel farklılıkları da ekleyebiliriz. Kaynak dil ve hedef dil benzer gramer yapısı özelliklerini taşımasına rağmen, Japoncadan Türkçeye yeniden yapılandırmalarda çeviri sorunları, sadece bu iki dil arasında karşılığı bulunmayan kavramların çevrilemezliği ile sınırlı kalmayıp, dillerin farklı kültür yapısına sahip olmaları sebebiyle de daha belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Japoncayla Türkçe arasındaki çeviri sorunları dilbilimi açısından ele alınıp, 2016 yılında Türkçeye çevirisi yapılmış Aya KİTO’nun “İchi rittoru-no namida” (Bir Litre Gözyaşı) adlı eserinin Japoncadan Türkçeye aktarımı süreci sırasında ortaya çıkan sorunlar başta olmak üzere, eserin örneklerine dayanılarak bu iki dil arasındaki sözcüksel ve yapısal farklılıklar ortaya konulacaktır.
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The subject of the paper is the semantic and syntactic description of the peripheral verbs of sensory perception in the Croatian language. Peripherality refers to the occurrence of these verbs with different semantic features, which makes some of them function as hyperonyms of the verbs of sensory perception, some may refer to all types of perception, but also create connections with other semantic fields. The analysis is based on componential analysis and cognitive linguistics, and the predicate-argument structure of those verbs is also presented. The aim of the paper is to show that these verbs have a wider range of meanings and thus greater possibilities in usage than dictionaries suggest within lexicographic description.
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Hamza Humo is remembered as a narrator with lyrical elements. In that sense, his poetry became an important segment of his entire work which also reveals some key identities of poets personality. This paper analyzes the songs from the cycle The Herzegovinian landscapes that already in the title reveals the spatial identity of poets complex beings. The analysis of songs includes stratification of language characteristics by levels in language, considering the phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical and stylistic features of poems and comparing those fetures with the situation in bosnian dialects and contemporary Bosnian language.
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In the study of dialecticism in a literary text, we must keep in mind editorial intervention, those of publisher, as well as those of author himself. However, dialecticism that is almost in the domain of the unconscious, is syntactical dialecticism. Therefore, this paper seeks to primarily syntactic dialects, based on previous studies of syntactic phenomena in dialects, and also lists the morphological and lexical dialecticism. It was found that, as expected, Hamza Humo’s Grozdanin kikot is rich in dialecticism.
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