CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Dokumentinės komunikacijos lietuviškieji terminologiniai ištekliai

Author(s): Nijolė Bliūdžiuvienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 19/2012

The article aims at analyzing terminology planning in documentary communication, the scope of which involves all areas related to creation, publishing, processing, preservation and access of documents, and determines the methods applied and results achieved in terminology planning and terminography. Documentary communication covers a whole range of fields: documentology, library science, book science, bibliography, theory of scientific information, typography, classification, information services, information resources, databases, etc. The article provides an overview of terminology planning methods applied in the field of documentary communication, researches the contribution of individuals and institutions to the creation of Lithuanian terminology of documentary communication and analyzes the development of the main Lithuanian terminology resources for this field during the last two decades. The analysis performed allows concluding that four terminology planning methods have been applied in this field in order to lay the groundwork for normative Lithuanian terminology and set the basis for its further development. Terminology work in documentary communication covers creation and normalization of terms, compilation of dictionaries, preparation of terminology standards and creation of databases, though there is no institution responsible for co-ordination of terminology management.

More...

Augalų vardų darybos būdai Janilo Ilsterio publikacijose

Author(s): Linda Kurmiņa / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2012

The initial stages of botany terminology formation have been dealt with in numerous works (Vīksna 2002; Vimba 2001; Piete 2008) and its first achievements have most frequently been attributed to the botanist, teacher and poet Jānis Ilsters (1851–1889), who in 1883 published the first botany book in Latvian Botānika tautas skolām un pašmācībai (Botany for folk schools and self-instruction) (Ilsters 1883). This work only contained rather few most widespread names of plants, accompanied by more detailed descriptions.

More...

Dėl mokslo terminų vienareikšmiškumo supratimo

Author(s): Stasys Keinys / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 20/2013

Unambiguity is usually treated as one of the important features of a term and quite often it is viewed as one of the main requirements of terms. Therefore polysemy of a term is treated as a fault. However, polysemous terms are quite frequent in term recording works (special dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc.) as well as in scientific texts of various domains. This article deals with the problem of unambiguity of terms of science in respect of science development and naming system of the language. First of all it is noted that the words and terms vienareikšmis (unambiguous) and vienareikšmiškumas (unambiguity) are not unambiguous themselves, because on the one hand they mean ‘having only one meaning’ and on the other hand – ‘having the same meaning’. When speaking about the unambiguity of terms often both these meanings are kept in mind, but more frequently the oneness of term meaning is emphasized. The Lithuanian philosopher Stasys Šalkauskis (1886–1941) who published his works on terminology theory and practice from 1927 onwards gave a reasoned argument against strict restraint of the meaning of terms. In his work Terminologijos teorija (Terminology Theory) Šalkauskis wrote: “<...> ir patekę į mokslinę terminiją, žodžiai nesustingsta semantiniu atžvilgiu, o yra palenkti tolimesnei evoliucijai, kuri niekados nesibaigia, kol kalba yra gyva tautos dvasioje” (translation: “<...> and when words make their way into scientific terminology they do not freeze in semantic respect, but are inclined towards further evolution which never stops while the language is alive in the spirit of a nation”). These words are very important for the cognition of the essence of science and its language creation.

More...

Pirmasis Lietuvos medicinos mokslo žurnalas ir lietuviškoji medicinos terminija

Author(s): Palmira Zemlevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 20/2013

This year is the 100th anniversary of the first Lithuanian medical journal Medicina ir gamta (Medicine and nature). This publication started raising issues of medical terminology which are still relevant – lack and excess of terms, variation of terms naming the same concept, unification and approval of terms, the necessity to involve both specialists and linguists in the development of terminology, concern about the “Lithuanianness” of medical terminology, etc. Doctors were encouraged to collect words from the folk language or to create terms following the rules of Lithuanian grammar.

More...

Rankraštinis Lauryno Ivinskio nomenklatūrinių pavadinimų sąrašėlis

Author(s): Albina Auksoriūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 20/2013

The article deals with nomenclature names of botany and zoology presented in a three page list included in Laurynas Ivinskis’ manuscript Filologinė medžiaga iš botanikos srities (Philological material from the field of botany) (fund Nr. FI–645). This manuscript is kept at the Manuscript Department of the Library of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore. At the top of three pages of the manuscript there is an abbreviation Krasz which was used by Ivinskis to shorten the surname of his contemporary Polish cultural figure and a historian Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887). The comparison between Ivinskis’ list and the list of animals, birds and plants (Przypiski. Nazwania zwiérząt, ptaków, drzew i kwiatów znanych Litwie (Remarks. Names of animals, birds, trees and flowers known in Lithuania)) (p. 274–283) presented in Kraszewski’s book Litwa. Starożytne dzieje, ustawy, język, wiara, obyczaje, pieśni, przysłowia, podania i t. d. (Lithuania. Ancient events, laws, language, beliefs, customs, songs, sayings, legends, etc.) (1847) shows that Ivinskis rewrote the names from Kraszewski.

More...

Terminologijos komisijos (1921–1926) vaidmuo lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminijos istorijoje

Author(s): Asta Mitkevičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 20/2013

In 1921 in Lithuania the Terminologijos komisija (Terminology Commission) was established under the Ministry of Education. The sub-commission of literary terms was constituted in October 1921. At the very next meeting of the Terminology Commission the sub-commission presented the set of literary terms (and terms of related domains and basic science terms as well) compiled by Kazys Bizauskas, author of the first Lithuanian textbook on literary theory. Those terms were discussed in seven subsequent meetings with the participation of the greatest Lithuanian linguists Jonas Jablonskis and Kazimieras Būga. The Terminology Commission discussed about 450 terms: basic literary terms (turinys “content”), names of stylistic devices (elipsė “ellipsis”), terms of versification (pėda “foot”), names of genres (istorinis romanas “historical novel”), names of features related to literature (rimo vaizdingumas “imagery of rhyme”), names of actions related to literature and literary work (aprašymas “description”) etc. In comparison with the chosen 19th century sources of literary terms certain terms were changed and for other terms traditional usage was maintained.

More...

Motininė įmonė ir dukterinė įmonė:nuo žodynų iki teisės aktų

Author(s): Alvydas Umbrasas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 21/2014

The article analyses the development of problematic terms motininė įmonė and dukterinė įmonė in terminography as well as the opinions of Lithuanian linguists on these terms and their usage in acts of legislation. It also provides an overview of the previously used and newest terms and at the same time highlights the current state of and gaps in the terminological system. Doubt about the linguistic appropriateness of metaphorical loan translations motininė įmonė and dukterinė įmonė based on the influence of the Russian language (cf. материнская/ дочерняя компания) arose already in Soviet times, though the necessity of the correction was most clearly pointed out at the end of the 1980s. Kazimieras Gaivenis’ suggestion that words motininis and dukterinis are necessary in the terminology of genetics and selection, but in other fields should be avoided, contributed to the establishment of the tradition to correct these terms and influenced terminography.

More...

Pirmojo lietuviško medicinos mokslo žurnalo dvižodžiai ir trižodžiai sudėtiniai terminai

Author(s): Palmira Zemlevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 21/2014

The article deals with two-word and three-word complex terms naming specific concepts of medicine used in articles written or translated by doctors for the first Lithuanian journal of medical science Medicina ir gamta (Medicine and nature), published for the first time in 1913. The terms are analyzed in respect of the syntactic relations between the main and complementary elements of terms as well as the origin and the grammatical expression of the element in the position of an attribute. Two-word and three-word complex terms consisting of elements of Lithuanian or mixed origin make up 38% of terms of medicine used in the journal. The majority of terms are two-word terms. Word-combinations with an attribute not in concord (expressed in genitive in singular or in plural) prevail, for instance galvos kaušas “kaukolė” (skull), plaučių džiova “plaučių tuberkuliozė” (tuberculosis of lungs). Attributes not in concord expressed in other cases or cases with prepositions are significantly less common. There are half as many word-combinations with an attribute in concord. Such attributes are most often expressed in adjectives with the suffix -inis derived from primary or derivative (prefixal and suffixal) nouns and to some extent in adjectives, for instance žiotkaulis viršutinis “viršutinis žandikaulis” (upper jaw), sausas kosulys (dry cough), pirmoji pagalba (first aid). Active and passive voice simple and pronominal participles as attributes are not very common and wordcombinations with an attribute connected by adjoinment are even rarer.

More...

Ignalinos miesto ir jo vardo raida bei kilmė

Author(s): Laimutis Bilkis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 75/2016

The article brings together historical and linguistic (origin of place names) research. Based on abundant historical documents, the study addresses the development of Ignalina: it traces the establishment of the first settlement and its original founders and presents the history of Ignalina owners, the noble Kamenskis family, from the establishment of the folwark to the period of selling Vidiškės manor. It also determines the personal name considered the source of origin of the locality’s name and explains the origin of the present name Ignalinà and its other variants.

More...

Litauische Personennamen in den Ordensdokumenten

Author(s): Darius Ivoška / Language(s): German Issue: 73/2015

The anthroponyms recorded in the manuscript documents of the German Order, specifically, German Order folio No. 105, are analyzed in the article. The German Order manuscripts present a vast variety of Baltic toponyms and anthroponyms; there are also plenty of Lithuanian onyms among them. The article discusses the Lithuanian anthroponyms which are cited in German Order documents while mentioning privileged Lithuanians. So far, the majority of them are basically unknown anthroponyms or the variants of already known ones. The aim of the article is to attempt to explain the origins of the new anthroponyms following a thorough analysis of the facts of the new anthroponyms and their comparison to the existing Baltic anthroponyms.

More...

Die Landkarte des Schlossgebietes Bērzaune vom 17. Jahrhundert und die baltische Hydronymie

Author(s): Ojārs Bušs,Renāte Siliņa-Piņķe / Language(s): German Issue: 73/2015

The first ample collection of ancient toponyms of Latvia had been connected with economic activities in Sweden in the 17th century when the northern part of Latvia belonged to this country. Results of these activities are the materials of land revision, which represent a large number of Latvian oikonyms as well as surveying maps for the reduction of the estates that contain quite a lot of Latvian hydronyms and microtoponyms. The map of the Bērzaune castle district (apr. 1680–1685) contains more than 70 hydronyms. Their etymological research shows that most of them are names of Baltic (Latvian) origin, e.g., the river names Ackman ups (=*Akmeņupe), Roabesche ups (=*Robežupe). The lake name Plaxen Siö (now Plaksis or Plaksnis) is most likely to be treated as a name of onomatopoetic origin. The river name Plising Rivus could be derived from the Latvian stem plīs-/plēš- ‘to break, to tear’. The hydronyms derived from the stem Sav- (Savins ups, Sawitz Lacus, now Savīte, Savītes ezers), although seemingly compare with the Indo-European hydronyms originating from the root ide. *sh2eṷ- ‘to pour, to rain’, are most likely the names of Finno-Ugric origin, cf. Estonian sau, savi ‘clay’. Similar names with -ā- (now Sāvīte, Sāvienas ezers) are probably an etymon of the Latvian dialect word sāva ‘scar’.

More...

Jano Otrębskio Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis

Author(s): Jūratė Pajėdienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 73/2015

The article discusses the process of writing and publishing of Gramatyka języka litewskiego (I, II, III) by Jan Otrębski as well as the content of grammatical description and its way of presentation. Otrębski’s classical grammar of the Lithuanian language focusing on data grouping rather than theoretical issues fascinates by the abundance of illustrative material and the ability to handle it. One of the tasks planned but unaccomplished by Otrębski was the compilation of a word-form index. By taking advantage of modern-day technical capacities it could be done with a double-efficiency coefficient: an electronic register of the word forms used in the grammar with their Polish equivalents would enable us to have both a word-form index of Otrębski’s grammar and an excellent Lithuanian-Polish dictionary.

More...

Vietovardžiai su sāt- „Latvijos vietovardžių žodyne“ (Latvijas vietvārdu vārdnīca)

Author(s): Anta Trumpa / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2015

The article is looking at some of the Latvian place-names included in the “Dictionary of Latvian Toponyms” (Latvijas vietvārdu vārdnīca), namely those containing the component sāt-. It begins with a brief description of the dictionary and its sources. The now-obsolete dialectal word sāts / sāta / sāte (‘house, home’) and its etymology, semantics and usage in Latvian place-names have been discussed for almost a century. The linguist Jānis Endzelīns proposed a hypothesis that this word might have Finno-Ugric origin, while several other linguists did not agree with this opinion. Since toponyms with the element sāt- are mostly observed in Kurzeme and, more precisely, in the territory formerly inhabited by the Baltic tribe of Curonians, it is believed that this lexeme has Curonian origin. The article proceeds with the analysis of the words containing the element sāt- and included in the volume S1 (which is still in progress) of the “Dictionary of Latvian Toponyms”. Their semantics and area of distribution are shown (illustrated in the map). It is concluded that this particular group of place-names tends to diminish, especially as regards microtoponyms. The dialectal word sāts / sāta / sāte has formerly been more widespread, but the area has shrunk, leaving some traces of the respective word in oikonyms in the western part of the territory.

More...

Onymische Ambiguität in der Literatur

Author(s): Volker Kohlheim / Language(s): German Issue: 72/2015

Ambiguity is a key concept in modern poetics. Though there exist different concepts of literary ambiguity, I prefer to adhere to William Empson’s classical definition according to which any verbal nuance allowing alternative reactions to the same piece of language may be regarded as ambiguous. This paper not only intends to show that ambiguity can also extend to literary names, but it tries to differentiate between various kinds of onymic ambiguity in literary texts and asks what we may learn from poetonymic ambiguity about the mental processing of proper names.

More...

Sprachliche Kreativität Bei der Benennung von Friseurgeschäften in Deutschland

Author(s): Rosa Kohlheim / Language(s): German Issue: 72/2015

This article is based on the names of hairdressers contained in the telephone directories of three German cities (Bamberg, Bayreuth and Regensburg). The majority of traditional hairdressers’ names consists of a descriptive part (Friseursalon) and an identifying part, mainly the owner’s name (Helga). The new creative names aim not only at identifying the business but also at increasing its attractiveness by coining names with a positive connotation (Haarwunder) as well as by using so-called “attractors”, e.g. capital letters (HAARKULT), small letters (rapunzel schnitt und mehr), foreign words (Hair World, La Bellezza Friseur), different kinds of puns (Friseur Haarlekin, HAIR-FORCE ONE, Fön-X, Friseur Cutastrophe, Friseursalon Haar-genau).

More...

Dėl „Lietuvos vietovardžių žodyno turtinimo“

Author(s): Ona Kažukauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 71/2014

Tikėčiausi, jog profesoriaus Zigmo Zinkevičiaus paraginimas užrašyti gimtojo krašto vietovardžius ne vien man pasirodė išspausdintas pačiu laiku (Zinkevičius 2014: 173–174). Ne kartą yra tekę išgirsti arba skaityti rajoniniuose laikraščiuose, leidiniuose kuriuo nors požiūriu vertingų vietų vardų pavadinimų. Šįsyk dėmesį patraukė knyga Vytogala, skirta iškiliausio vytogališkio lakūno Stasio Girėno (1893–1933) gimtinei, kurioje, be kita ko, išvardyti ir aptarti Vytogalos ir gretimų kaimų vietovardžiai. Turiningą leidinį parengė socialinių mokslų daktaras Benediktas Šetkus (Vytogala 2013).

More...

Lietuvių kalbos skoliniai Lietuvos lenkų tarmėse

Author(s): Danguole Mikulėnienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 68/2013

The beginnings of geolinguistics in Lithuania is linked with the activities of the linguist Antanas Salys. The article presents arguments that prove that the authors of the Lietuvių kalbos atlasas (Atlas of the Lithuanian Language, 1977–1991) mostly drew on the work of Salys and his colleagues: they used the same network of settlements, which they modified a little. The net of the points of the Atlas did not change with the contemporary classification of Lithuanian dialects. In this way the possibility to further observe and study the development of Lithuanian dialects remained.

More...

Das geistliche Lied im Forschungsspektrum der Theolinguistik

Author(s): Albrecht Greule / Language(s): German Issue: 64-65/2011

Theolinguistics describes how humans manage to communicate about the divine using language. It is a task of theolinguistics to establish the taxonomy of theolectal texts. Thereby, translation texts play an important role, e.g. translations of the Bible, which are also employed in church services, held in the vernacular. Furthermore, since the Protestant Reformation, hymns have played an important role in church services within the German-speaking area. It is also a task of theolinguistics to analyze the song texts critically in terms of language with regard to the usability of these texts in church services.

More...

Au-delà des canons pour un renouveau du théâtre chez Jean Tardieu

Author(s): Emilia Munteanu / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

La tâche du chercheur qui se propose de déceler les points convergents des créations dramatiques des années cinquante n’est pas des moins ardues vu leur caractère diaïrétique en matière de style, de thématique, d’esthétique. Néanmoins, ce qui fonctionne comme sunagôgê chez les auteurs dramatiques de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle c’est leur refus des paradigmes essoufflés du théâtre qui les a précédés. Bien qu’il soit moins célèbre que ses illustres contemporains (Ionesco, Beckett ), Jean Tardieu les rejoint par la création d’une oeuvre dramatique à valeur de métathéâtre et par son paratexte autographe. Rien que la lecture des titres (La comédie de la comédie, La comédie du langage, La comédie du drame) des volumes tardiviens nous lance déjà dans la démarche de cet auteur qui annonce son intention de dénoncer les paradigmes du vaudeville, les procédés faciles d’un « théâtre digestif », les conventions linguistiques, non pas par simple volonté destructrice des canons puisque son théâtre propose le renouveau de la scène par la béance des « failles du mécanisme théâtral » (selon Jorge Lavelli in Tardieu, 2003, p. 912) ou à l’aide des signes d’autres systèmes de modélisation secondaires.

More...

TV serialo „draugai“ humoro ir jo vertimo į lietuvių kalbą analizė

Author(s): Julija Korostenskienė,Miglé Pakrosnytė / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2017

The present study examines humour in the tenth season of the TV sitcom Friends and its translation from English into Lithuanian. With humour often believed to be culture-specific, humour translation presents a notorious issue in translation practice, as jocular content in the target language is often criticised for being poor and vague. Grounded in Raskin’s (1985) theory of verbal humour and adopting Schjoldager’s (2008) inventory of translation microstrategies, the article examines the components and mechanisms of humour in the source language and analyses the strategies applied to humour translation, focusing on whether the intended humorous effect is preserved in the target language. The article also seeks to establish to what extent humour as used in Friends is culture-dependent. The study was conducted at two levels. First, we briefly presented the essence of Raskin’s model of humour, which centres around the notions of script and incongruity, and later applied it to the selected series to identify and analyse the data in the source language. We then supplemented the findings with the identification of jokes in the target language and assessment of translation microstrategies employed in rendering humorous instances in Lithuanian. The findings of the study are believed to further the theoretical and practical domains of translation from English into Lithuanian in particular and, more broadly, contribute to the discussion on the culture-specific worldview.

More...