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СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗООНИМОВ, МОТИВИРОВАННЫХ ПЕСТРОЙ ОКРАСКОЙ ЖИВОТНОГО (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КЛИЧЕК КОРОВ В ПОЛЬСКОМ И УКРАИНСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ)

Author(s): Olga Solodushko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29(34)/2016

The article presents semantic and comparative analysis of the cattle names motivated by piebald and skewbald colouring and the patterns on the coat in Polish and Ukrainian dialects. The problem is to define the general picture of the colour perception in the minds of the two related language speakers by the means of coloured folk zoonyms. The article presents a brief description of the research in the field of traditional Zoonomastics. Lexical units that image the coloured animal coat concept in dialects are considered. In this article, there is provided a cow names classification based on the lexical and semantic features. A comparative analysis of the Polish and Ukrainian lexemes, from which zoonyms were derived, was conducted in all the groups. It has been found that the similar, sometimes identical, lexemes are used as a base for the derivation of cow names in Polish and Ukrainian; the same motivational component is observed too. The author of the article concludes that the expression of colour perception by the linguistic recourses is quite similar for the speakers of both languages.

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SZYK WYRAŻEŃ JAKO CECHA DYSTYNKTYWNA W POLU KOMENTARZY METATEKSTOWYCH: [ADV] MÓWIĄC, _ VS MÓWIĄC [ADV], _

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SZYK WYRAŻEŃ JAKO CECHA DYSTYNKTYWNA W POLU KOMENTARZY METATEKSTOWYCH: [ADV] MÓWIĄC, _ VS MÓWIĄC [ADV], _

Author(s): Magdalena Żabowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2020

The aim of this paper is to point to word order as a property differentiating linguistic entities in the class of metacommentaries. This property was not recognised in earlier analyses of quasi-participial structures with adverbs. As a result of the analyses, two arrangements have been distinguished, i.e. [Adv] mówiąc ([Adv] speaking) and mówiąc [Adv] (speaking [Adv]), which – along with linear and prosodic features – differ in terms of the following properties: a) syntactic and semantic, i.e. the set and form of adverbs, acceptable adverbial transformations, coexistence with negation; b) functional, i.e. the resultant of a quasi-participial operation vs. metatextual unit of the system, possibility to elide an adverb.

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ANALIZA WYBRANYCH CECH FONETYCZNYCH I MORFOLOGICZNYCH WYSTĘPUJĄCYCH W POLSKICH PIEŚNIACH LUDOWYCH Z WILEŃSZCZYZNY

Author(s): Anna Korycka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22(27)/2012

This article is devoted to an analysis of certain phonetic and morphological features that occur in the material of Polish folk music in the Vilnius region. Excerpts were chosen with respect to the dominant linguistic elements (both phonetic and morphological) of the region in question. Examples were taken from Songs of Vilnius Region (Pieśni Wileńszczyzny) by Jan Mincewicz, materials gained from the Archive of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore in Vilnius, and the author’s own recordings. Based on dialectological publications (Kurzowa, Grek-Pabisowa, Sawaniewska-Mochowa, Rieger and others), an investigation into the occurrence of specific features of Northern Borderlands Polish in the Polish folk songs of the Vilnius region was undertaken. The Polish community is a dynamic group, the vast majority nurturing their own culture, language and customs. The first section of the article analyzes the phonetic features connected with the system of vowels and consonants. The second section contains an analysis of morphological phenomena (inflectional and word formative) present in the Polish folk songs known and sung in the Vilnius region. It was found that certain nouns change their grammatical gender; such singularities occur in the presence of the verb and the suffix -uk. The structure of the dialect in the researched area has been preserved quite well, which can be confirmed by the frequency with which the features typical of this region occur. In conclusion, on the basis of phonetics and morphology, it can be stated that the language of the Polish folk songs known and sung in Vilnius has retained many features of the dialect specific to the Northern Polish Borderlands.

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POLONIZMY W BUŁGARSKIM SŁOWNIKU WYRAZÓW OBCYCH STEFANA MŁADENOWA

Author(s): Elżbieta Michow / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14 (19)/2008

This article discusses lexical influences of Polish on Bulgarian based on the analysis of pre-war “Dictionary of Borrowings in Bulgarian” by Stefan Mladenov. The analysis of the lexical resources has revealed some special lexical relationships between the two languages and has led to a typological classification of borrowings: semantic and stylistic, as well as the history of borrowings.

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Built-in Argument Positions in Bulgarian and Polish

Author(s): Jakub Lubomir Banasiak / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2021

The issue of built-in argument positions is not particularly popular in contemporary Slavic studies. However, some developments have occurred since the introduction of predicate–argument logic in semantic–syntactic studies. This paper focuses not only on theoretical developments but also on conclusions arising from the study of two Slavic languages: Bulgarian (an analytic language) and Polish (a synthetic language). Until now, the issue of incorporating an argument position in the form of a predicative expression has been viewed as a lexical issue. However, both lexical and morphological means can be used to express a type of proposition. The peculiarities of the distinction between word and sentence are also discussed.

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Formy wyrażające modalność imperceptywną w bułgarskich i polskich tekstach prasowych oraz na portalach informacyjnych

Author(s): Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2020

Forms expressing imperceptive modality, whose semantic structure contains renarration and reservation about the truth of the utterance, are found both in Polish and in Bulgarian. In both languages, their lexical exponents include, for example, Pol. podobno, rzekomo, jakoby, Bul. вероятно, може би, сигурно ‘apparently’, ‘allegedly’, ‘supposedly’. Apart from these lexical markers, Bulgarian has a separate morphological form: the inferential mood (несвидетелско наклонение, преизказно наклонение). Considering Polish, in turn, we should note the quasi-morphological construction mieć ‘to have’ + infinitive, which is also used to express imperceptive modality. This article presents an analysis of the use of these forms in Polish and Bulgarian press texts and on Internet news portals. It also attempts to explain the high frequency of their use in the opinion-making media.

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Hrvatski pogledi na srpsku leksikografiju (Staro u novom ruhu)

Author(s): Dubravka Sesar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2002

Srpska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti ‒ Odjel za jezik i književnost ‒ Odbor za izradu Češko¬ -srpskoga i Poljsko-srpskoga rječnika ‒ u izdanju Zavoda za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva u Beogradu objavila je relativno nedavno dva nova rječnika: najprije Poljsko-srpski rečnik / Slownik polsko-serbski (Beograd, 1999.), a zatim i Češko-srpski rečnik / Česko-srbský slovník (Beograd, 2000.).

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POLSKIE, REGIONALNE MORZYĆ W KONTEKŚCIE HISTORYCZNYM I SŁOWIAŃSKIM

Author(s): Błażej Osowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 69/2021

In literary Polish, the verb morzyć has the meaning ‘to kill’, ‘to torture’, there are also collocations morzyć głodem ‘to starve’, kogoś morzy sen ‘someone is sleepy’. Meanwhile, in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) there is an additional meaning - ‘lose hardness, become soft under the influence of salt’, which refers to vegetables. The article seeks to answer the question about the source of the above-mentioned meaning from Greater Poland and to define its geographical range. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted, historical and contemporary dictionaries of general Polish were reviewed, and data from the Slavic languages were consulted.

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ANTROPONIMIA POGRANICZA POLSKO-WSCHODNIOSŁOWIAŃSKIEGO W XVII I XVIII WIEKU NA PRZYKŁADZIE RZYMSKOKATOLICKIEJ PARAFII W ŻÓŁKWI. WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA..

Author(s): Łukasz Trzeciak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 69/2021

Żółkiew (Zhovkva) is located about thirty kilometers north-west of Lwów (Lviv), on the historical route leading to Warsaw. The foundation of the city was on the territory of the village (former ancillary colony) Winniki (Vynnyky) by the Świnia (Svynya) river. Thanks to advantageous town privileges, colonizers from other parts of the country joined Polish and Ukrainian indigenous people. Registers of baptisms of the Roman Catholic parish in Żółkiew (Zhovkva) were held from the first years of it’s existence; analyzed data is extracted from excerption of homogenous manuscript sources of the 17th and 18th centuries – seven parish registers of baptisms (1604-1787). The analyzed anthroponyms show East Slavic influences, especially Polish-Ukrainian linguistic interferences. The personal names of Żółkiew (Zhovkva) and the surrounding area illustrate ethnic and linguistic, religious as well as cultural differentiation of the microregion.

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Konceptualizacja GNIEWU na przykładzie ŻÓŁCI w języku czeskim i polskim

Author(s): Lubomir Hampl / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The analysis showed that from the linguistic point of view, the name bile, Polish żółć, Czech žluč is one of the basic determinants of feelings, focusing especially on the conceptualized ‘anger’, but also on ‘irritation’, ‘rage’, ‘wrath’, ‘indignation’, ‘nervousness’, ‘madness’ and ‘fury’. The cognitive concept was presented that the feeling of anger is understood as a certain process that begins at a certain moment, then develops and then ends. This process is influenced by temperature and pressure. After the outbreak, you no longer control your feelings. All these steps are referenced using the appropriate verbs in the text. Three important statements have been proven that: the experiencer's body is a container for the physiological effects of anger; that the conceptualization of feelings is related to the embodiment of thought, and that we think and speak with metaphors, which are linguistic concepts. The conducted analysis showed that the Czech stock of broadly understood phraseological relations with the lexical component bile Polish żółć, Czech žluč shows numerous similarities and similarities with the Polish language (due to the typologically and genetically close linguistic affinities), although there are few exceptions to this rule.

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KORPUSY JĘZYKOWE W POLSKO-ROSYJSKIM PROJEKCIE LEKSYKOGRAFICZNYM ARCHITEKTURA I URBANISTYKA

Author(s): Maria Mocarz-Kleindienst / Language(s): Polish Issue: 177/2022

The article describes the usefulness of the language corpus resources and the corpus platform during the creation of the Polish-Russian dictionary „Architecture and urban planning.” The following tools were used: National Corpus of Polish Language, National Corpus of Russian Language, Polish-Russian Corpus of the University of Warsaw and Sketch Engine platform. It has been shown that the implementation of resources proceeds with varying intensity at different stages of dictionary development Language corpora (together with available tools) are most helpful at the first stages, i.e. building dictionary entries (basic entries and their derivatives). To a much lesser extent, language corpora are used in the process of searching for Russian equivalents due to the relatively poor collection of specialised and even applied texts available in parallel corpora. Often the results obtained have only a probing value. It is important to combine data obtained from different corpus resources in order to obtain information relevant to the content of the headword article of the designed dictionary.

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Българските преводни еквиваленти на чешките фрази с дативна валентност в паралелния корпус InterCorp

Author(s): Iliana Genew-Puhalewa,Elżbieta Kaczmarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article is devoted to Czech verbal phrases (VP) with dative valence and their translation equivalents in Bulgarian. The VP were excerpted from the core of the parallel corpus InterCorp, along with noun phrases in the dative case and the corresponding segments in Bulgarian. The behaviour of nominal groups in Bulgarian was analyzed in relation to the meaning of the verb. The study showed that the Bulgarian equivalents of most Czech noun phrases in the dative are prepositional phrases with нa. For some verbs, the Bulgarian evidence also includes phrases other than prepositional, which was influenced by the syntactic and semantic characteristics of verbs.

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Wokół opisu cech walencji czasowników typu: pol. ściemnieć, wygładzić się; bułg. изруся се, изгладя се

Author(s): Małgorzata Korytkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article covers a semantic and syntactic interpretation of sentence structures expressing part : whole relation with respect to an animate subject ([+anim / and +hum] traits), and the subject’s body parts, e.g. Włosy Piotrusia ściemniały. (with the variant Włosy Piotrusiowi ściemniały.). The author refers to theoretical grounds of predicate-argument syntax, including the fundamental model introduced by S. Karolak. Structures like this, in which predicates constituting sentence structures open one argument position, can be interpreted in two ways. What is discussed in particular is the structure of this argument, as well as of its counter-parts in the Bulgarian language. In addition, the discussion covers another verb type (boleć ‘to ache, to hurt’), which also opens a position for one semantically compound argument in S. Karolak’s classification. In the author’s view the inclusion ofczuć / doznawać (‘to feel’) component into the semantic structure of these verbs indicates that they are two-argument predicates.

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Nieostrość określenia język prostyna pograniczu Bałtycko-Słowiańskim z perspektywy języka Litewskiego

Author(s): Koji Morita / Language(s): Polish Issue: 94/2021

This paper deals with the so-called język prosty which has been used for ages by various national groups living in the Balto-Slavic border region. This homely and unofficial language functions among the lower social classes only as a vehicle for verbal communication within multilingual communities. The author also mentions the fact that in the past there existed a language called by a similar name. From the 16th century to the middle of the 17th century, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania there functioned a written language referred to as prosta mova. It was then the official literary language, apart from Old Church Slavonic. It also served as a communication tool for the upper social classes in the multilingual country. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the ambiguity of expression simple language in the Balto-Slavic border region, paying more attention to the interpretation of the meaning from the perspective of the Lithuanian language. There are actually two different languages, while the circumstances of their creation are similar. The author enumerates the similarities between język prosty and prosta mova:1.They can be contrasted with languages of higher status in the linguistic hierarchy: in the past it was Old Church Slavonic, whereas nowadays these are the Polish, the Russian, the Belarusian and the Lithuanian literary languages. At the same time, they indicate the position in the social hierarchy of their users; 2.They are hybrids created so as to enable communication within multilingual communities, in the past as a written language, and today as a spoken language;3. Without being directly related to any nationality, they allow for the maintenance of the ambiguity of linguistic and identity boundaries in disputes between different nationalities. The communicative group using numerous languages which developed out of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania exists till today and is continued in the Balto-Slavic border region by the still used expression prosty. In the conditions of the multilingualism and multiculturalism, the ambiguity of language and identity boundaries plays an extremely important role.

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Z uwag o języku Złego Leopolda Tyrmanda

Author(s): Anna Dąbrowska-Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The paper ponders upon the problem of correspondence between the Warsaw dialect and the pre-war Polish language in the novel “Zły” (“The Man with White Eyes”) by Leopold Tyrmand. The analysis, situated within a study of the author’s language, is focused on selected examples excerpted from the novel. The cultural entrenchment of the lexis used in the novel is discussed, both from a universal and a national standpoint.

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Uwagi o słownictwie regionalnym dotyczącym szkoły w języku mieszkańców Przemyśla

Author(s): Kamila Sujkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article concerns the vocabulary related to education, used in schools in the city of Przemyśl. The research group consists of both students and teachers of Przemyśl primary, secondary and high school (as well as professional technical school). The main purpose of the article was not only to gather the regional school-related vocabulary of the inhabitants, but also to discuss selected issues in more detail. Moreover, the paper juxtaposes the regionalisms used in Przemyśl against lexemes used across Poland, and ponders upon the influence of mass media over this subgroup of vocabulary.

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Polter, pulteram, polterabend – tradycje i nazwy przedweselnego świętowania w wybranych gwarach Wielkopolski

Author(s): Michalina Surma / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article focuses on the custom of pre-wedding celebration combined with glass breaking in the Greater Poland villages. The essential part of the description is based on conversations with informants. The data was selected from recordings carried out from April 2018 to January 2019 in the village of Ocieszyn in central Greater Poland by means of a questionnaire. The material obtained from central Greater Poland, as well as from literature, allows to show the specifics of the custom as an element of folk wedding tradition in Greater Poland. The paper provides an overview of vocabulary associ-ated with the POLTER microfield. Variants of pre-wedding celebration names have been analyzed. In the conclusions, the author postulates combining cultural linguistics and sociolinguistics with dialectological research.

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Słownik terminów lingwistycznych dla studentów slawistyki (język bułgarski, język czeski ijęzyk polski) Nadeżdy Staljanovej i Eleny Kreytchovej

Author(s): Steliana Aleksandrova / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2021

Review of: Nadeżdy Staljanovej and Eleny Kreytchovej „Słownik terminów lingwistycznych dla studentów slawistyki (język bułgarski, język czeski ijęzyk polski)“

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Jazykový obraz cti v súčasnej slovenskej kultúre

Author(s): Katarína Dudová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

In this report we bring reconstruction of linguistic worldview of honor ‛česť’ in contemporary Slovak culture. We come out from methodology of linguistic worldview, which has ethnolinguistic character. In accord with this approach our research is based on system, questionnaire and text´s data, which we analyze and synthetize to the form of basic aspects (perspectives), on the basis of which is in current Slovak language conceptualized honor. As we can see, honor is semantic stabilized mostly as external expression of a deference to somebody. Complex of honor attributes acquired from system data is relatively poor, because it includes only aspects psychological, social and ethical. Questionnaire material extended especially ethical, psychological and social aspect with other relevant attributes and semantic perspectives. Text´s date manifest more aspects of honor (e. g. physical, religious aspects).

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Spisovná slovenčina vo Vojvodine v 21. storočí v kontexte slovensko-srbských jazykových vzťahov (ústny prejav slovenskej vojvodinskej mládeže)

Author(s): Samuel Koruniak / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

In this paper we present a brief overview of the development of literary Slovak language among Slovak people in Vojvodina through 20th and beginning of 21st century. Currently literary variety of Slovak language among Slovaks people in Vojvodina is alive, and is persist as long as the literary form in its home country, in Slovakia. The centre of interest of the entire contribution is to review the status of the literary language of the young generation of the Slovak minority in Vojvodina. We analyze oral interview of young actors in the youth session RTV Vojvodina, of which excerpt the essential features and characteristics of the present form of the literary Slovak language in Vojvodina through to the young generation. We focus primarily on the impact of the contact Serbian language on the form of the Slovak language.

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