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13.00 €

Японците

Author(s): Bratislav Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Bratislav Ivanov's new book is dedicated to the values and traditions of the Japanese culture. Already in the early twentieth century, French scientist Henry Dumolard draws attention to the fact that the Japanese people are guided by their logic and draw conclusions that are often incomprehensible to Europeans. To understand the Japanese people, we need to know the values that form the core of their culture. A key to their understanding is the geographical environment, mythology, religion, and Japan's history.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - RUSSIAN INFORMATION CAMPAIGN AGAINST UKRAINIAN STATE AND DEFENCE FORCE

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The report was executed for the NATO StratCom COE by the Centre for Applied Research under the Estonian National Defence College. The objective of this research is to identify how the Russian media portrays the Ukrainian military and security structures, including the policies of the Kiev government and their ‘collaboration’ with the West. The research group looks at how messages disseminated in the media attempt to construct attitudes and advocate behaviours in parallel to political and military events on the ground in Ukraine. The research covers the period from 1 April until 31 December 2014 and analyses the following Russian media: Regnum, Komsomolskaya Pravda and TV Zvezda. These media are important because they target not only Russian internal audience but also the Russian-speaking communities in the former territory of the USSR. The researchers used standardised content analysis in accordance to a specially developed Coding Manual and enriched the findings with data from 25 structured interviews with Ukrainian representatives (media, political and military experts, as well as soldiers and officers involved in the military conflict). From December 2014 the Russian military has adopted a new doctrine that explicitly states that information superiority is essential to achieving victory on the physical battleground in the modern war. It is crucial for NATO to draw appropriate conclusions from the on-going conflict in Europe in order to further strengthen the unity of the alliance and avoid such conflict scenarios between Russia and NATO in the future. Russia’s information activities have played a significant role in the overall military operations carried out in the territory of East Ukraine since 2014. Information operations were used at all levels starting with the political level (against the state of Ukraine, state structures, politicians) up to the tactical level for justifying military actions initiated by pro-Russian forces. Information confrontation and a variety of psychological operations continue to play a substantial role in the current crisis in Ukraine. Russia uses various media channels to conduct its operations against Ukraine, including governmental and private TV channels (e.g. Pervyi Kanal, Rossija 1, NTV, Russia Today, LifeNews), radio (e.g. Radio Mayak), mobile phone operators (e.g. KyivStar), Internet sources (including online publications, e.g. Regnum, TV Zvezda, Кomsomolskaya Pravda, Itar Tass, RIA Novosti ) and social media networks (e.g. YouTube, Facebook, Vk.com, odnoklassniki.ru). Some Ukrainian sources hold pro-Russian attitudes and can also be used to spread disinformation (e.g. Vesti). The separatist People’s Republics of Donetsk and Luhansk have their own channels producing anti-Ukrainian propaganda (e.g. dnrnews.com, novorus.info). The current study has focused on the media channels that represent the Russian mainstream—Komsomolskaya Pravda, TV Zvezda, Regnum. These mass media channels are generally critical against the Ukrainian government and armed forces, but do not offer a critical view of the Russian government; they justify Russian policy in Ukraine and see the Ukrainian crisis as a battlefield between Russia and West, referring to the clash of civilisations with the West (primarily the US and NATO, but also the European Union) allegedly intending to advance its sphere of influence towards Russian borders.

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18.00 €

Българите. Социологически погледи

Author(s): Petar-Emil Mitev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian

The book concerns the fundamental questions set by the founder of Bulgarian sociology Ivan Hadjiiski: Where are we coming from? What have we gone through? How far have we reached? Where are we going? Sociology is a science in which the person puts his imagination and heuristic potential. Sociology is a craft, in the practice of which the outcome depends on the mastery of the techniques and methodologies, the correct observance of rules and procedures. Sociology is a business that requires certain resources and also can reproduce or increase them. Sociology, however, is something else; it is not only a knowledge of society, but it is a public activity. It loses its meaning beyond the public realization or changes it if this realization does not correspond to the scientific credibility.

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Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective

Author(s): Natanya Meyer,Jhalukpreya Surujlal / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The role of entrepreneurship in societies has become more profound in recent times. Studies suggest that pre-exposure to an entrepreneurial environment while growing up can greatly contribute to an individual’s learning process as they see first-hand how entrepreneurial tasks and activities are performed. Growing up, or being exposed to such an environment might potentially reduce the uncertainty felt by a prospective young or new entrepreneur. The objective of this study was to explore the differences in several entrepreneurial variables between two South African female entrepreneurs’ pre-exposure to entrepreneurship groups. Group 1 represented female entrepreneurs who had no previous exposure from an entrepreneurial parent, close friend or relative and Group 2 included those who had some form of previous exposure from an entrepreneurial parent, close friend or relative. The study made use of a self-reporting questionnaire and used a convenience sample to collect data from female entrepreneurs. The final sample equated to 510 usable questionnaires which included responses from all nine South African provinces. Data were analysed using reliability and validity analysis, Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Analysis of Variances (ANOVA). Results indicated that just one variable, internal motivation, was influenced by pre-exposure to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs who were raised in a business environment; that is, having a parent, close friend or relative who managed an entrepreneurial business, reported a higher mean for internal motivation compared to those who did not have this exposure. Several studies suggest that benefiting from an entrepreneur role model such as a parent, close friend or relative may lead to a more positive outlook on entrepreneurship and a stronger inclination to start a business. The results from this study prove interesting as, in the case of South African female entrepreneurs, pre-exposure to entrepreneurship had little effect on the identified entrepreneurial factors with the exception of internal motivation.

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0.00 €

HELSINŠKE SVESKE №36: Prevencija nasilnog ekstremizma među srednjoškolcima - Primena i potencijali instrumenta za formiranje alternativnog narativa

Author(s): Izabela Kisić,Jarmila Bujak Stanko,Zlatko Paković,Jelena Višnjić,Srđan Barišić,Pavel Domonji / Language(s): Serbian

Socijlano okruženje i obrazovni sistem u kome odrastaju mladi u Srbiji karakteriše snažan uticaj etnonacionalizma, balast ratne prošlosti, nedovoljno pristupačni edukativni programi koji promovišu kritičko mišljenje i ljudska prava i neadekvatni udžbenici građanskog obrazovanja. U takvom socijalnom, porodičnom, obrazovnom i neprofesionalnom medijskom okruženju, mladi teško dolaze do argumenata koji identitet ne svode samo na verski i nacionalni. Nametanje etnonacionalističkog koncepta odozgo (elite) i klerikalizacija društva, što su procesi koji traju od devedesetih, ne odnose se samo na mlade u većinskoj srpskoj populaciji, već su odavno zahvatili i manjinske zajednice. Uvođenje verskog obrazovanja kao alternative građanskom 2001. godine, ostavilo je posledice na nekoliko generacija mladih, uključujući i one koji su sada predavači i roditelji. Učvršćivanje etnonacionalističkog koncepta podstaknuto je i globalnim promenama tokom poslednje dve decenije. U te globalne faktore spadaju pre svega, uspon konzervativnih političkih stranaka i organizacija, pretnja terorizmom, ratovi, nesigurnost u socijalno-ekonomskom i bezbednosnom smislu, kao i konfuzija i strepnje zbog eskalacije lažnih vesti i krize u medijima. Nasilni ekstremizam u Srbiji se obično prelama kroz prizmu stranih ratnika koji se pridružuju ISIL, ili Al-Nusri u Siriji i Iraku. Tako je, prema zvaničnim podacima, 49 državljana Srbije otišlo da se bori u Siriji i Iraku. Srbija je, međutim, i zemlja Zapadnog Balkana sa najvećim brojem ratnika u Istočnoj Ukrajini na proruskoj strani. Prema podacima MUP Srbije, iz Ukrajine se do kraja 2017, vratilo 48 boraca. U izveštaju koga je objavio Regionalni savet za saradnju sa sedištem u Sarajevu, navodi se da bi Srbija uspešno primenila nacionalnu strategiju za prevenciju i borbu protiv terorizma, neophodno je da standardizuje pristup ekstremizmima, zasnovan na različitim ideološkim osnovama. Alternativni narativ morao bi da se odnosi na sve elemente ekstremizma i različiti sektori bi morali da budu uključeni u njegovo stvaranje, navedeno je u pomenutom izveštaju. Osim za strane borce, nasilni ekstremizam u Srbiji vezuje se za zločine iz mržnje i huliganizam u najvećim nacionalnim i verskim zajednicama. Iako se te grupacije međusobno sukobljavaju, postoje bitne sličnosti među njima. Elemente ideološkog diskursa nasilnih ekstemističkih grupacija koji dolaze iz različitih etnokonfensionalnih zajednica u Srbiji su: ekstremni nacionalizam koji uključuje tendenciju za menjanje granica (širenje teritorije ili pripajanje drugoj državi), snažna vezanost za verske lidere, odbacivanje evropskih integracija i vezivanje za druge međunarodne faktore, istorijski revizionizam – pre svega Drugog svetskog rata i istorije Jugoslavije, proganjanje tradicionalnih neprijatelja nacionalnih, verskih i seksualnih manjina, napadi na organizacije za ljudska prava i degradacija žena. Neke od radikalno konzervativnih grupacija su posebno popularne među studentskom omladinom. Izgradnja alternativnog narativa u odnosu na propagandu ekstremističkih organizacija postao je jedan od najvećih izazova za međuvladine međunarodne organizacije, kao i za lokalne aktere u prevenciji i borbi protiv nasilnog ekstremizma i terorizma. Često svođenje alternativnog narativa na instant rešenja, “gotove” odgovore i “kontra činjenice” solidno vizuelno upakovane, pokazuju se kao neefikasno i sve više kontraproduktivne, pa teško mogu da privuku razočarane mlade ljude koji se osećaju izolovanim i bez perspektive. Zapravo, takav pristup, svodi alternativni narativ, na kontra-propagandu bez dubljeg efekta i željene promene.

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Emotional Intelligence – A Condition of Managerial Success

Author(s): Ionica-Luminita Stoenica / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Emotional intelligence is nowadays an essential attribute of any efficient manager who is concerned about achieving great results and being successful in his career and life. One can state, according to experts in the area, that success-oriented management begins with the manager’s inner life management, which is a difficult task. Before leading others, one must be able to analyze oneself, understand oneself and control one’s own feelings and emotions, also to empathize and develop constructive relationships in order to get oriented towards one’s goals and towards success. So that an institution should make progress, it is essential for the manager to create a working climate meant to provide the staff with a positive state, full of confidence and optimism, honesty and comfort. A successful manager is characterized by flexibility, adaptability to diverse situations and a positive mood, which enhances the employees’ achievements. Therefore, creating a healthy positive climate involves activating the components of both the manager’s and the employees’ emotional intelligence. Good self-knowledge helps managers organize themselves better, be more emphatic and coordinate their employees’ activity more efficiently towards professional performance, acting optimistically, enthusiastically, persuasively and firmly in order to achieve the objectives. They are motivated for reaching the highest results, for accomplishing their aims and thus they mobilize their positive emotions for this purpose. Developed emotional intelligence, with all its components, represents an asset, providing extra credibility and being at the same time a condition for a top manager who acts efficiently in a well-functioning organizational background.

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Psychiatric Consequences of Novel Coronavirus Pandemic

Author(s): Cristina Gabriela Șchiopu,Cristinel Ștefănescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The spreading of the new COVID-19 is changing priorities, bringing new challenges to medicine and disrupting the social-biological-psychological balance resulting in mental health consequences during the active epidemic but more important, in the sequel of the outbreak, with expected long-term effects. First, there are psychiatric patients that tend to be less compliant to containment measures and therefore can present higher risk of infection. Moreover, official protocols recommend the stop of most antipsychotic drugs during infection with Covid-19 which can lead to relapse of mental disorder. On the other hand, restrictions in the healthcare units are impacting the relationship and contact between doctor and patient which in some cases, are psychological comforting and reassuring for the ill during treatment. Another aspect targets general population. The quarantine, work shutdown, self-isolation and unemployment are powerful stress factors with possible significant rise in depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleeping disorders, substance abuse (mainly alcohol) and suicidal behaviors. Loneliness and lack of normal daily routine, even in the era of internet and social media can bring up the importance and necessity of human contact and diversified activity. Isolation and closing of educational activity can increase incidence of domestic violence and child abuse within families with such problems but also new such cases can emerge due to stress and tensions between family members. Healthcare workers tend to be affected mainly by stress, lack of sleeping and burnout. All variables must be analyzed on account of prevention and management.

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The Effect of Entitlement on the Calculation of the Rank of Imposition in University Students' Requests to their Instructors

Author(s): Tahani Alabdali / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present paper examines the relationship between requester's feeling of entitlement and the types of politeness strategies they use. According to Brown and Levinson's model of politeness (1987), speakers choose their preferred super-strategy as well as the complication level of the act based on calculations they perform on the act. These calculations are influenced by three factors, namely, Power(P), Distance(D), and Rank of imposition(R). The first two factors relate to the assumed relationship between the interlocutors during the interaction, and they are easily measured based on the social and contextual factors governing the situation. However, the weight of R can not be accurately measured, and although it is done spontaneously by language users, it cannot be left to the instinctive evaluation of the researcher. Therefore, one factor that is assumed to affect the weight of the imposition, entitlement, is placed under consideration in this research. Using the sociopragamtic approach, the researcher analysed a two-question questionnaire that ask university students to freely discuss what they want from their course instructor (the researcher). The only difference between the two questions is related to the sample's evaluation of their entitlement in the requested acts. In the first question, they were asked to write their rights, while in the second they were asked to write their wishes. The results detected a preference of the NP super-strategy in the respondents' answers regarding what they believed to be entitled to. Moreover, flouting the quantity maxim was an observed pattern in the responses to the question related to their assumed rights. Both findings suggest that entitlement can be manipulated by the speaker to trick the requestee into believing in the requester's right to the requested act, hence, reducing the rank of imposition.

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