Српски владарски портрети у Григоријевој галерији Свете Софије у Охриду и њихов програмски контекст

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The fragments of three rulers’ images are preserved in the highest zone of the eastern wall of what is known as Gregory's Gallery in the exonarthex of the Ohrid cathedral. They are represented on each side of the images of the Deesis, with Christ on the throne, flanked by the images of two archangels, and two saints who mediate for the rulers. Based on the number of the ruler’s portraits, scholars assumed that these are the portaits of the Serbian emperor Dušan, his wife Jelena, and their son Uroš. Therefore, the mural paintings of the gallery are dated to the period between 1350 and 1355 because of the great stylistic similarity between the frescoes of the gallery and those on the first floor of the narthex which were painted by John Teoryanos and his assistants at the end of the fifth decade of the 14th century. One can reliably assume that the first ruler’s image from the left side of the north wall is, in fact, the portrait of the male member of the family. Such an assumption is based on the existence of the small fragment of an extremely long loros, a detail that was not observed by researchers. On the right side of the adjacent figure, a fragment of a semicircular decorative detail is preserved. This detail is reminiscent of the semicircular ornaments on the male sakkos. However, the possibility that the mentioned image is a portrait of the empress Jelena should not be excluded. Namely, one may think that the detail in question is, in fact, the fragment of a long, wide sleeve of a female ruler’s dress. Portraits of Jelena in Saint Nicholas Bolnički in Ohrid and in Lesnovo point to this conclusion. In addition, one should pay attention to the fact that the throne and the legs of Christ are intentionally directed to the south side. That is why we assume that the portait of Dušan was represented on that side, and the portraits of his son and wife who is nearer to Christ , were on the opposite, north side of the eastern wall of the gallery. Based on the existence of a supaedion, on which the figure nearest to Christ on the north side is standing, one can conclude that it is the image of the Virgin. The vertical decorative stripes on her dress are almost identical to those in the churches of Saint Demetrios in the Patriarchate of Pe}, Marko’s Monastery, Lesnovo and Konče. The assumption that the bishop represented on the opposite side of Christ should be identified as Saint Clement of Ohrid cannot be accepted without reserve. Namely, he was not represented with the long pointed beard that covers a part of his omophorion, as was the case on almost all of the images of Saint Clement. That is why the possibility that the image of some other holy bishop is in question seems more acceptable. One should especially examine the possibility that it was Saint Nicholas of Myra. Primarily, the only holy bishop that was represented in the Deesis in Eastern Christian iconography instead of Saint John the Forerunner was, as far as we know, just Saint Nicholas. As valid comparative examples, one can mention the images of the Deesis from the diakonikon of Sopo}ani, above the portal of the narthex of Saint Nicholas Domnesc in Kurtea de Arges, or the Deisis represented on the Russian icon from Tver, painted at the begining of the 16th century. It should be emphasized that Saint Nicholas was greatly respected during the reign of Dušan. This Serbian ruler had an almost personal attitude towards this saint and bishop. Evidence of this is Dušan’s gift to the basilica of Saint Nicholas in Bari, dedications of the smaller church of his mausoleum and the paraklession in Dečani, as well as from the texts of several of his charters. In some of the aforementioned documents, the mediating role of Saint Nicholas is especially stressed. Such a status was assigned to Saint Nicholas in the western part of the Dečani naos, as well. There is a “spatial Deesis” consisting of the figure of the Christ, the Virgin, Saint John the Baptist and Saint Nicholas. Finally, since Saint Nicholas was the namesake of the archbishop of Ohrid, there are grounds for assuming that it was the archbishop who wanted Saint Nicholas to be represented in the Deesis composition.

Неумски кодекс Охрид бр. 53 у рукописној традицији XI века

Author(s): Vesna Sara Peno / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The Sticherarion No. 53 from the National Museum in Ohrid is one of a few notated neumed monuments that belong to the Paleobyzantine period of musical literacy. It is dated at the end of the 11th — beginning of the 12th century, completely written in Greek. Originally, it was not exclusively intended for chanters. The neumes were added later, above the stichera automela. Concerning the notation type, Ohrid No. 53 belongs to the Coislin codex group. The most frequent neume signs suggest developed Coislin symiography. The analogy with the manuscripts dated later is also striking. Namely, there are apparent similarities between Ohrid No. 53 and Vindobonensis theol. gr. 136, which was written during the first half of the 12th century. The elements of so-called Round or Middle Byzantine notation are characteristic for both of the codices. Some of the great — or hyaeronomic signs are also present in the Sticherarion No. 53. The Ohrid neumed collection deserves its place among the family of codices from the second half of the 11th and first decades of the 12th century also for its liturgical text structure. Of special interest are those services indicating the possible Constantinopolitan origin of the collection. By indicating the typical paleographic features of Ohrid No. 53, its approximate position in the written musical tradition of Byzantium is determined.

Znamenite osobe gučogorskog samostana

Author(s): Velimir Valjan / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

A long and stormy history of Lašva’s monastery is interwoven with strong persons who lived really human, Franciscan-monkish and priestly consistent lives. In a geographic map of the Franciscan movement, Bosnian Franciscans are a unique historical experience because of historical coalescing with the common Bosnian people, with their homeland – although they always were “strangers and newcomers” there. Very often they were exposed to unbearable difficulties, also to death, but it didn’t stop their enthusiasm and ideals. Their ideals are Franciscan ones and rooted in the Bible; it is deep faith, stable hope, and above all the love of Christ, of the Church and of the people they lived for. Celebrating the 100-aniversary it is impossible to mention all of the persons woven into life of the monastery, but in the form of a small reading, there are mentioned some of those who built the monastery and the church, those “uncles” whose footprints are deeply imprinted in its history as writers, bishops, persons with historical meaning.

Разплата. История на Отон. Пратеничество в Константинопол. Разплата. История на Отон. Пратеничество в Константинопол

Author(s): Liudprand Liudprand of Cremona / Language(s): Bulgarian

This modern translation of all the surviving literary compositions ascribed to Liudprand, the bishop of Cremona from 962 to 972, offers unrivaled insight into society and culture in western Europe during the "iron century". Since Liudprand enjoyed the favor of the Saxon Roman emperor Otto the Great, and traveled to Constantinople more than once on official business, his narratives also reveal European attitudes toward the Byzantine Empire and the culture of its refined capital city. No other tenth-century writer had such privileged access to the high spheres of power, or such acerbic wit and willingness to articulate critiques of the doings of powerful people. Liudprand's historical texts (the Antapodosis on European events in the first half of the 900s, and his Historia Ottonison the rise to power of Otto the Great) provide a unique view of the recent past against a genuinely European backdrop, unusual in a time of localized cultural horizons. Liudprand's famous satirical description of his misadventures as Ottonian legate at the Byzantine court in 968 is a vital source of information on Byzantine ritual and diplomatic process, as well as a classic of medieval intercultural encounter. Readers interested in medieval European culture, the history of diplomacy, Italian and German medieval history, and the history of Byzantium will find this collection of translated texts rewarding. A full introduction and extensive notes help readers to place Liudprand's writings in context.

Традиционално и савремено у култури Срба

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

The subject o f this scholarly meeting is summarized in its title which gives the best possible formula of all topics dealt with in the said projects. Our goal is to see that, after the first year of work on the projects, these two research and education institutions organize a transparent conference which would provide access to the entire experience related to the project activities and to the results achieved by the research workers after a year-long effort. In the course o f such presentations, a need will arise for a critical overview and discourse o f all the issues and dilemmas encountered hitherto by the scholars. From the very start o f the sign-up period, in July 2001, the problems have, unfortunately, emerged in the formulation of entries in pursuance of the instructions in the project registration form. These were not the only nor the biggest problems. A prolonged waiting for the foreign reviews and for the allocation of research time, which w as considerably reduced as concerns our Institute, resulted in a 30% reduction of funding, and in a year-long struggle to get reimbursement for direct material expenses. Everyone is aware that such projects in the humanities, which have then special national significance, cannot be even conceived o f without fieldwork. As a matter o f principle, it should be pointed out here that the attitude to the humanities has, in the case o f our projects, proved inadequate. After this first year o f research work, in which a number o shortcomings has crystallized as being inappropriate to the nature and spirit o f the humanities, we do hope that in the ensuing stages such shortcomings will be eliminated. W e expect understanding and support from our financier. I am sure that today ’s presentations, a long with the afore said, and in combination with individual experiences acquired by the scholars during their research work in 2002, w ill yield a fruitful discussion which, as a rule, is the best achievement of such symposia.

LJUDSKA PRAVA I ODGOVORNOST - Srbija 2003 -

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian

Ubistvo premijera Zorana Đinđića obeležilo je ne samo celu 2003. godinu, već će, sudeći po razvoju situacije u Srbiji, predstavljati istorijsko raskršće za Srbiju: za ili protiv Evrope. Ubistvom reformskog premijera, ne samo da su zaustavljene reforme i prekinuta saradnja sa Haškim tribunalom, već je otvoren put radikalizaciji Srbije, što su potvrdili i vanredni parlamentarni izbori. Nesposobnost i nespremnost DOS da napravi diskontinuitet sa Miloševićevim politikom, posebno ratnom, otvorilo je put restauraciji regime anciene i ubedljivoj pobedi njegovih predstavnika na vanrednim parlamentarnim izborima. Od ubistva premijera Zorana Đinđića do parlamentarnih izbora ostvareni su skoro u celosti ciljevi puzećeg puča, uprkos pokušaju međunarodne zajednice da održi kurs reformi kroz, pre svega, prijem SCG u članstvo Saveta Evrope već tokom vanrednog stanja. Sve aktivnosti ujedinjenih snaga (cela opozicija, većina nevladinih organizacija i medija) bile su usmerene na obaranje vlade i njenu kompromitaciju. Na izborima su pobedile one snage koje su zbog rešavanja "nacionalnog pitanja" odlagale tranziciju i demokratizaciju društva. Zbog istrošenosti i poraza nacionalnog projekta, kao i zbog sprečavanja stvaranja alternative, konzervativna srpska elita našla je novi oslonac populističke politike u produkciji afera i skandala. Njihov cilj nisu bile ekonomske reforme već diskvalifikacija protivnika, što je potpuno devalviralo stvarnu borbu protiv korupcije, kao i same reforme. Pobeda SRS i DSS garancija je da će se kurs nastaviti, što se prelama preko debate o novom ustavu, rešavanju kosovskog i vojvođanskog pitanja, saradnji sa Haškim tribunalom, odnosu prema državnoj zajednici i odbijanju suočavanja sa neposrednom prošlošću. Radikalizacija politike u Beogradu dodatno destabilizije, ne samo zemlju, već i ceo region.

Annual Report: Serbia 2006 - Human Rights: Hostage to the State’s Regression

Author(s): / Language(s): English

With Montenegro’s successful referendum on independence and the resolution of Kosovo status on the international agenda in 2006 the process of ex-Yugoslavia’s dissolution moved into the final stage. Serbia was faced with the challenge of constituting and defining herself in terms of state and society. The very fact that the process of ex-Yugoslavia’s disintegration nears its end contributes to consolidation and stability of the Balkans. The decision to admit Serbia – her fluid domestic situation and hesitation to decisively opt for Europe - into the membership of the PfP was meant to round off the security structure of the Balkan region. 1 Membership of the PfP moved Serbia closer to the European option but also implied establishment of mechanisms that could play important role in the event of her destabilization. At the same time, the membership of the PfP figured as a victory over the army’s conservative bloc that has not only stood in the way of its reform but also obstructed the army’s adjustment to new circumstances and the new concept of security under the pretext of defending the state’s sovereignty. Gen. Zdravko Ponos’ appointment the Chief of General Staff completed the package recommending Serbia for speedier access to European integrations. However, the strong lobby that will be refuting and slowing down such orientation is still there.

Human Rights in Serbia in 2012 - Populism: Entropy of Democracy

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Though formed a year ago, the Serbian government is still at the beginning – it has not yet adopted a systemic program or strategy. The structures in power are in permanent election campaign having an eye on their ratings on the one hand and demonization of the former government on the other. The biggest party of the ruling coalition, SNS, spares not even its coalition partners from criticism. SNS populist rhetoric is mainly after promoting Vice-Premier Aleksandar Vučić. The predominant populism is best exemplified by the arrest of suspects in “the struggle against corruption” and the “socially-oriented” budget for the year 2013 that subsidizes health insurance of a larger circle of citizens. All this gives rise to speculations about early elections, which are not to be ruled out. Aleksandar Vučić manifests a growing ambition to hold all the reins of power. He already controls all security services. Hence, citizens are under the impression that he is the most powerful man in Serbia. The steps the government has taken so far do not indicate its intention to reform the security sector; on the contrary, they indicate an ambition to strengthen partisan control over it. They neither indicate a plan for setting up permanent anti-corruption institutions and mechanisms. Primarily through the media controlled by parts or entire security services corruption is used for political showdowns and elimination of business competition. The security sector that has not undergone reform, operating under half-finished and legally discordant system of the democratic control and with cadres compromised on corruption will be unable to meet ambitious duties that have been allegedly imposed on it.

Aspects of the Bible's Philosophy on the Development of the World's Civilizations

Author(s): Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is worth noting how a secular perspective can be harmonized with what the Holy Scriptures present and especially how the text of the Scripture becomes relevant in a context in which we are talking about the development of the world's civilizations. If we were to make a bridge between secular man and religious man on the same subject we could have a common element, namely the analysis of human society, related to how it developed, related to the mechanisms of this development and its consequences, things that we meet them both in the same material of history with the differentiation of the fact that different causes could arise. In this study we tried to show that human explanations, regarding the development of the world's civilizations, are not always enough, because according to human logic certain events could not have taken place. From this perspective, looking at things, we consider it important to know the Scriptural perspective on events unfolding in world history, because the revelation of Scripture usually goes somewhere further, beyond what we see and what we have recorded as events in history, penetrating somewhere in the heart of the problems, helping us to have a much broader vision of the events of our world.

The Protestant Ethic and Capitalism

Author(s): Mihai Stoicescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Reformation arose from society's reaction to the luxury, immorality and indifference of the clergy of the Catholic Church and returning to the original purity of New Testament Christianity. The Protestant culture supports the principle of equality and individualism. These were the basis for the development of capitalism. Various studies conclude that there is a strong link between Protestantism’s behavioral patterns, concepts of secular ethics and religious doctrines of Protestantism.

Apariţia Fecioarei Maria de la Seuca, în contextul interferenţelor religioase şi entice.

Author(s): Peti Lehel / Language(s): English,Romanian

Situated on the border of Latin and Orthodox Christianity, in a region where the infrastructural and the economical possibilities were limited, the Romanian village Seuca became an internationally known place for pilgrimage due to a blind Gypsy women's public visions about Virgin Mary in the first years of the new millennium. The author presents both the history of the ethnical and confessional co-existence in the village and the economical and social problems which affected the whole community. Then, the attitudes towards the apparition of the different denominations will be highlighted by presenting also the way the seer attempts to question the different denominational opinions. The legitimating strategies of a gypsy woman influenced very much the aspects of Virgin Mary vision from Seuca.

Srbi u Cetinskoj krajini

Author(s): Božidar Simić,Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian

Područje Cetinske krajine obuhvaća područje nekadašnje općine Sinj i tri sela u nekadašnjoj općini Knin (Civljane, Kijevo i Cetina). Radi se o regiji koja obuhvaća gornji i srednji tok rijeke Cetine, od izvora pod Dinarom u okolici sela Cetina do njezina ulaska u kanjon ispod Trilja. Ova je regija iznimno velika i obuhvaća površinu od 1.500 kvadratnih kilometara. Nekada je područje pripadalo Cetinskoj županiji,1 koja se spominje već u desetom stoljeću, a kasnije Cetinskoj, tj. Vrličkoj krajini (16. – 18. stoljeće). Na području današnje Cetinske krajine nalaze se dva grada (Vrlika i Sinj), pet općina (Civljane, Hrvace, Otok, Trilj i Dicmo) i 74 naselja. U širem geografskom smislu ovaj teritorij pripada Dalmatinskoj zagori, koja osim Cetinske krajine obuhvaća i Kninsku krajinu, Ravne kotare, Bukovicu, Imotsku krajinu, Vrgoračku krajinu, Drnišku krajinu, Kaštelansku zagoru te zaleđe Trogira, Solina i Šibenika. Okosnicu regije čini rijeka Cetina koja objedinjava niz manjih kraških polja (Cetinsko i Paško polje, Vrličko polje, Hrvatačko polje i Sinjsko polje). Niz manjih potoka s lijeve i s desne strane osnažuju rijeku Cetinu vodom, a viša područja, koja se nalaze na planinama Dinari i Svilaji, uglavnom oskudijevaju vodom. Sa sjeveroistočne strane regija je omeđena planinom Dinarom, a s jugozapada planinom Svilajom. Vrhovi Svilaje i Dinare izdižu se 1.509, odnosno 1.913 metara nad morem. Zbog svog je položaja Cetinska krajina oduvijek bila važna prometna spona priobalja s Bosnom, odnosno s balkanskom unutrašnjošću. Također je taj kraj, preko Knina pa dolinom Une, bio prometna spona priobalja s panonskim područjem, a na jugoistok s neretvanskim krajem i Hercegovinom, odnosno Dubrovnikom. Cetinska se krajina nekada dijelila na dva dijela, na Vrličku i Sinjsku (nekada pravu Cetinsku) krajinu. Vrlička krajina obuhvaćala je planinsko područje koje se nalazi uz sam izvor rijeke Cetine te prvih nekoliko kilometara od Vrlike prema Sinju, gdje je postojalo nekoliko polja koja su potopljena akumulacijskim jezerom Peruća. Od Dabra i Maljkova pa na jugoistok i jug do Trilja i Dicma, prostirala se znatno veća, Cetinska krajina.

The Holy Apostles, Continuers of the Savior’s Activity, Role Models of Spiritual Shepherds and Pastoral Means Used by Them

Author(s): Vasile Miron / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Holy Apostles have assimilated the evangelical teaching of the Lord Jesus Christ thoroughly and lived by it, transposing the ideal example of life of their divine Teacher into reality. By the weapon of word, by the power of prayer and the unparalleled example of their clean and holy life, these organs of the Holy Ghost and messengers of the godly teaching have renewed it, bringing it into the light of knowing the true God.

Skrytá církev a interpretace soudobých dějin

Author(s): Petr Fiala / Language(s): English,Czech Publication Year: 0

The historical interpretation of recent events (contemporary history) has its familiar features. The very fact that historians not only work with sources but also with eyewitnesses who are often associated with them creates special demands for the ‘weaving of the narrative’. Historical knowledge not only clashes with the social (collective) memory but also with the ever-changing interpretations of the individual actors themselves. Therefore, in addition to reconstructing events and interpreting them, the historian also has to re-interpret already-existing narratives. The historian of contemporary events constructs a story within a context which society is familiar with first-hand. Therefore, it not only has the meaning of a symbol which can be related to the past, but it has its own specific, emotional, strategic or directly socio-political dimension. Put simply, the historian of contemporary history not only has to work with historical material and the interpretations which already exist around it, but also with (his/her and collective) experiences, prejudices and interests. None of this is straightforward.

Latviešu brāļu draudze dzimtbūšanas laikos

Author(s): L. Adamоvičs / Language(s): Latvian Publication Year: 0

Dr. Franjo Tuđman u okviru hrvatske historiografije. Zbornik radova sa znanstvenog skupa održanoga u Hrvatskom institutu za povijest u Zagrebu 10. i 11. prosinca 2009

Author(s): / Language(s): Croatian

On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the death of Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the first director of the Institute for the History of the Workers' Movement of Croatia and the first president of the independent, contemporary and democratic Republic of Croatia, the Croatian Institute of History organized a scientific conference on December 10 and 11, 2009. Dr. Franjo Tuđman in Croatian Historiography. Although Dr. F. Tuđman is better known and more interesting to the general public as a politician and statesman, and although his work as a historian and politician is difficult to separate, the organizers of the scientific conference focused on the work of Dr. F. Tuđman as a historian, wanting scientists, primarily historians and political scientists, from scientific novices to academics, sine ira et studio, through selected topics to approach a comprehensive questioning of the significance and influence of Dr. F. Tuđman on the historiography of modern Croatian history.

Disidentstvo u suvremenoj povijesti

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian

The international scientific conference "Dissidence in Contemporary History" was held on November 19, 2009, at the Croatian Institute of History in Zagreb. The conference was organized by the institute's project "Power and Society: The Communist System of Governance in Croatia 1945-1990", and the immediate impetus for its organization was given by Mr. Daniel Ivin. The organizing committee conceived of the topic of dissidence to be approached exclusively analytically, with an emphasis on the following questions: methodological problems, historical-political framework, the system in Croatia and Yugoslavia, the attitude of foreign countries towards dissidents, individuals, social groups and movements in Croatia, the relationship between politics and culture and "case studies".

Ascendere historiam: Zbornik u čast Milana Kruheka

Author(s): / Language(s): Croatian

Some time ago, Dr. sc. Milan Kruhek, a former director and longtime employee of the Croatian Institute of History, turned seventy. With his dedicated scientific work, as well as his many years of leading the Department of Medieval History at the Croatian Institute of History, Dr. sc. Milan Kruhek has gained a reputation, both in Croatia and abroad, as one of the leading experts on Croatian medieval and early modern history. Precisely for this reason, and at the suggestion of the employees of the Department of Medieval History, the director of the Croatian Institute of History, Dr. sc. Jasna Turkalj, decided to honor him with a collection of papers in his honor.

Poeta nascitur, historicus fit – ad honorem Zef Mirdita

Author(s): / Language(s): Albanian,English,Croatian,Slovenian,German,Italian

The book before you is dedicated to our dear colleague and friend Zef Mirdita. In this way, we want to thank him for his exceptionally fruitful, almost 50-year scientific work, and especially for the days he has spent and still spends with us at the Croatian Institute of History in Zagreb from 1993 to the present day. Professor Mirdita has also been an honorary member and advisor of the Albanian Institute (Albanisches Institut) in St. Gallen (Switzerland) since its foundation in 2002. Although he retired in 2004, the scientific community of the Croatian Institute of History will always consider him its distinguished member whose research results are an indispensable part of not only Croatian and Albanian but also European historiography. His life and scientific path took place (and still actively takes place) between Croatia and Albanians (especially Kosovo).

Proceedings of the 35th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This publication presents the proceedings of the 35th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held at American University in Washington DC, USA, on April 4-5,2024.