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№306. Unblocking the Lifeline of Talent

Author(s): Christal Morehouse / Language(s): English

Against the background of demographic decline and growing economic competitiveness from emerging economies, this Policy Brief looks into the potential benefits of increased intra-EU labour mobility. On the basis of an examination of the ‘German case’ on EU labour mobility. It proposes ideas on how to better foster a European fair deal on talent, one that would benefit the EU as a whole. It concludes with a proposal on how to increase the potential benefits of the freedom of movement.

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ISLAMIC CALVINISTS. Change and Conservatism in Central Anatolia

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Among Europeans who are skeptical of Turkish membership of the European Union, it is common to hear the view that Turkey has two souls, only one of which is Western. They contrast the cosmopolitan outlook of Istanbul with the vast Turkish interior, which is seen as backward, impoverished and ‘non-European’ in its values. This report explores these social and economic changes in the Central Anatolian province of Kayseri, home to one million people. It presents detailed case studies of a number of strategic sectors: the emergence of Kayseri as Turkey’s leading cluster of furniture manufacturers; the rise of Orta Anadolu, producing one percent of the world’s denim; and the success of the Kayseri sugar refinery and its impact on local agriculture. These case studies illustrate how industrial capitalism emerged from a predominantly rural and merchant society within a single generation. They also demonstrate how policy failures by successive governments caused the 1990s to be a ‘lost decade’, and how the economic crisis of 2000/01 and the structural reforms which followed it have marked a decisive turning point for the Turkish economy. The report also explores how over the past decade individualistic, pro-business currents have become prominent within Turkish Islam. It looks closer at Kayseri’s most successful small town, the industrial district of Hacilar, whose 20,000 inhabitants have given birth to 9 out of Turkey’s top 500 companies. It finally examines the position of women in this evolving Anatolian society, and why this could prove to be the Achilles heel of continued rapid development.

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THE OTTOMAN DILEMMA. Power and Property Relations under the United Nations Mission in Kosovo

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) has made itself responsible as trustee and administrator for a vast amount of state and socially owned property across Kosovo, including some 370 socially owned enterprises (SOEs). However, over the past three years, it has lacked the institutional resources to establish an effective property regime. As a result, control over some of Kosovo’s most valuable economic assets is being determined outside the legal system, in countless individual power struggles across Kosovo. The results have been harmful both to economic development, social and political stability and the establishment of the rule of law. || This report analyses different strategies employed by UNMIK to fulfil its responsibility as trustee of social property, including direct administration of SOEs, the restoration of Yugoslav workplace democracy (‘self-management’) under the 1988 Law on Enterprises, and granting concessions over SOEs to private investors (‘commercialisation’). It concludes that these efforts have done little to curb the confusion over commercial property or to promote an environment more conducive for private sector growth.

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PROTESTS and ILLUSIONS. How Bosnia and Herzegovina lost a decade

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

On 7 February 2014 violence broke out in Tuzla, the regional capital of Tuzla Canton in Northern Bosnia. War veterans, unemployed youth and football supporters of the local club took to the streets. The core group of protestors were former workers in socially owned enterprises who had been demonstrating to save their companies for more than a decade. Demonstrators entered the cantonal government building and set it on fire. The same day violent clashes spread to other Bosnian cities, Zenica, Sarajevo, Mostar and Bihac. Three more cantonal buildings and the state archive in Sarajevo all went up in flames. Already on 7 February Tuzla protestors published a declaration that stated that “Today in Tuzla a new future is being created.” (a Bosnian writer)

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Future of Association Agreements in Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia: Local, European and Russian Factors

Author(s): Denis Cenusa / Language(s): English

The output of the Association Agreements will always be low if political corruption is not overcome, while the electoral cycles do not yield parliamentary majorities and upright governments. It is essential for the reform process to be directed by those who aim not to obtain personal benefits, but to modernize the country and to bring this closer to the EU’s positive standards. // Both the EU and Russia have incentives and constraints that can influence the direction of the Association Agreements. Even if the European factor is beneficial to the reform process, this necessitates recalibration and uniformity in addressing similar problems in the three countries, like the oligarchic regimes and others. The Russian factor is disinterested in the functionality of the Association Agreements, but does not perceive these as a major danger as it sees how challenging, hesitating and dependent on the yet corrupt human factor the reforms are. // Internal players that do not take part in governance in Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia can guarantee a better implementation of the Agreements, but they necessitate protection and assistance from the European institutions. Without a robust civil society, independent mass media and free political opposition, the future of the Association Agreements is rather nebulous.

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Dialogul social în timpul crizei economice. Supraviețuirea negocierilor colective în sectorul industrial din România

Author(s): Aurora Trif / Language(s): Romanian

Legislative changes coupled with the economic crisis have made collective bargaining for unions at the unit level much more difficult. The number of collective agreements decreased by 25% between 2008 and 2013, but collective bargaining has generally survived in large organizations. The degree of change in terms and conditions of employment after 2011 in the industrial sector depends on three factors: (a) the attitude of the employer (and top management) towards employees and their representatives; (b) the local labor market; and (c) the ability to mobilize the union in the company.

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Social and Labor Market Inclusion of Older Persons

Author(s): Victoria Stoiciu / Language(s): English

According to the last Romanin census in 2011, the persons aged 65 and over represent 16.1% of total population. A Presidential Committee report es¬timates that the five million persons aged 65 and over will represent, at the middle of the century, 30% of the country’s population, i.e. third times more than in the early 1990s (Presidential Admin-istration, 2009). // Aging is usually associated with a decline in activity or with entering inactivity, with higher depen-dency on healthcare and social services and often with a more precarious economic situation. This has economic implications, as well as an impact on the organization and functioning of society. // This paper is intended as a brief overview of the situation of older persons in Romania. The follow¬ing analysis will focus on the economic and social inclusion status of older persons, as well as on the access of the elderly to the labor market.

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2015 - Annual Review of Labour Relations and Social Dialogue Romania

Author(s): Victoria Stoiciu / Language(s): English

Although the macroeconomic indicators point to a solid economic recovery in 2015, the social situation in Romania is not marked by considerable improvement. Despite the country’s high economic growth, the Government’s recent announcement of freezing the minimum wage in 2016 seems to have put an end to a five-year period of regular augmentation of the minimum wage. Inequality has increased while the unemployment rate and the percentage of people at risk of poverty declined insignificantly. // Albeit, some efforts have been made to improve social dialogue and labour legislation even though few actual changes have occurred in the area. The Social Dialogue law was amended in December 2015, bringing some changes to the Social Dialogue Act (62/2011) that en-larges trade union powers in the collective bargaining process. The draft law amending the Labour Code, which was the result of a legislative initiative carried on by the National Trade Union Block, one of the biggest Romanian umbrella organisations, is being debated in the Parliament.

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O raspodeli vakcina

Author(s): Branko Milanović / Language(s): Serbian

Dok jedan moj prijatelj nije pokrenuo to pitanje, nisam mnogo razmišljao o razlikama u procentu vakcinisanog stanovništva u bogatim i siromašnim zemljama. Moja oblast istraživanja je globalna nejednakost. Upućen sam u činjenice ogromnog jaza u dohotku po glavi stanovnika između bogatih i siromašnih zemalja, kao i velikog jaza u emisijama ugljenika, pa nisam bio iznenađen ni razlikom u broju vakcinisanih i nisam na to obraćao posebnu pažnju.

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Dobra volja

Author(s): Vladimir Gligorov / Language(s): Serbian

Brojke su dodir sa stvarnošću. 50 umrlih dnevno u Srbiji je kao 1.000 u Rusiji ili 2.500 u Americi. Šest hiljada dnevno obolelih u Srbiji je kao 120.000 u Rusiji i oko 300.000 u Americi. Tačan broj umrlih od epidemije u Srbiji je znatno veći – do 4 puta veći od onoga koji se svakodnevno objavljuje. Ali zato, kaže se, napreduje proizvodnja. Stoga ima smisla zapitati se:…

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Sjedinjene države beznađa

Author(s): Angus Deaton,Anna Case / Language(s): Serbian

Pre izbijanja pandemije Covida-19 jedna druga epidemija je već harala Sjedinjenim Državama. Samo u 2018. odnela je više američkih života nego što je to dosad učinio korona virus. „Smrt izočaja“ – samoubistvo, oboljenja jetre povezana sa alkoholom, predoziranje opijatima – u konstantnom je porastu od polovine 90-ih godina 20. veka. Od 65.000 slučajeva godišnje, koliko ih je bilo 1995, stigli smo do celih 158.000 u 2018.

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Demokratizacija rada

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

Ljudska bića koja rade nisu samo „resurs“. To otkriće je jedna odvažnih lekcija krize kroz koju prolazimo. Nega bolesnih; isporuke hrane, lekova i drugih neophodnih potrepština; odnošenje smeća; popunjavanje polica i rad za kasom u supermarketima – to su poslovi koji su nam omogućili da nastavimo da živimo i za vreme pandemije – a radnici koji su ih obavljali pokazali su da rad nije roba kao svaka druga. Zdravlje ljudi i nega najugroženijih ne mogu se prepuštati delovanju samo tržišnih zakona. Ako dopustimo da u takvim oblastima vladaju isključivo tržišni mehanizmi, rizikujemo dalji rast nejednakosti do tačke u kojoj će ona direktno ugroziti živote pripadnika najosetljivijih populacija.

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Lole jedne tajkunske

Author(s): Nadežda Milenković / Language(s): Serbian

Koja ste kategorija – tajkun ili plaćenik? Jer, ako se prijavite za pare, vi ste plaćenik. Dobro, plaćenik i paćenik kome je stalo do tričavih sto evra kojih se predsednik države, budući i sam „samo običan čovek“ samopregorno odrekao a zarad dobrobiti Srbije kojoj je u ovom momentu preko potrebno tih impozantnih sto evra.

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Smrt i dobit

Author(s): Vladimir Gligorov / Language(s): Serbian

Epidemijska kriza je mnogo jednostavnija od finansijske, kako za razumevanje tako i za upravljanje. Zašto se onda greši? Uzmimo primer koji je, pretpostavljam, svima poznat. Čovek koji oboli od gripa ne odleži, recimo, tri dana već reši da bolest preleži na nogama, pa boluje više nedelja i rizikuje dugoročne zdravstvene posledice. Moguće je da ne može da odleži jer nema stalno zaposlenje i stoga naknadu za bolovanje ili ne želi da mu izmakne neka dobit (ne mora da bude novčana).

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Vuk i sedam starčića

Author(s): Viktor Ivančić / Language(s): Croatian

U tjednu kada su u Hrvatskoj bilježeni rekordni brojevi zaraženih koronavirusom, ugledni ekonomski analitičar u uglednome dnevnom listu energično se založio protiv mogućega lockdowna i radikalnih epidemioloških mjera. Prilično nepotrebno, doduše, jer je jasno da o drastičnim protuzaraznim mjerama i zatvaranjima više nitko i ne razmišlja; baš naprotiv, vodeće figure političkomedicinske vlasti iz dana u dan neuvijeno ponavljaju da operacije slične onima iz proljeća više ne dolaze u obzir.

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Rad u doba korone

Author(s): Rebecca Gordon / Language(s): Serbian

Moja partnerka i ja smo planirale da iz San Franciska odemo u Reno u Nevadi i tamo tri meseca pratimo predizbornu kampanju za predsedničke izbore 2020. Već smo tamo bile 2018. i sarađivale sa sindikatom radnika u ugostiteljstvu (UNITE-HERE), samo što bismo ovoga puta pratile kampanju uklanjanja Donalda Trumpa iz Bele kuće.

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Kosovo ili siromaštvo?

Author(s): Ivan Sekulović / Language(s): Serbian

Svetska banka nedavno je objavila procenu prema kojoj bi zbog krize izazvane epidemijom kovida-19 dodatnih 125-327 hiljada stanovnika u Srbiji moglo pasti u siromaštvo. Grubo rečeno, to znači da bi možda čak svaki osmi stanovnik mogao da spadne na oko 400 dinara prosečne dnevne potrošnje, dok je na toliko sada ograničen tek svaki četrnaesti.1 U svakom slučaju, preti nam značajno smanjenje srednje klase, dok su najugroženiji radnici na crno (koji čine skoro petinu radno angažovanih) i samozaposleni. Eksperti UN iznenađeni su jačinom ovog, kako kažu, cunamija siromaštva i apeluju na vlade da pod hitno „dramatično“ prošire mreže socijalne sigurnosti.

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Romániai magyar nonprofit szervezetek – 2009 - 2010. A szervezetek adatbázisának bemutatása és a nonprofit szektor szociológiai elemzése

Author(s): Dénes Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian

Jelen dolgozatban a romániai magyar civil szervezetek – avagay romániai magyar nonprofit szektor– szociológiai szempontú elemzésére teszünk kísérletet. A dolgozatban két célt követtünk. Egyrésztmegpróbáltunk képet alkotni a szóban forgó szervezeti szféra nagyságáról és területi megoszlásáról, aszervezetek tevékenységek szerinti megoszlásáról, anyagi, humán és infrastrukturális erőforrásokkal valóellátottságáról. Másrészt a romániai magyar nonprofit szektor sajátosságait úgy próbáltuk kimutatni,hogy elhelyeztük azt az európai országok nonprofit szektorainak palettáján. Fő következtetésünk az, hogy az elemzett nonprofit szektor méretében kisebb, mint az a romániai magyar népesség nagyságaalapján indokolt volna; a szektor elsősorban kulturális-közművelődési jellegű feladatok ellátását végzi, miközben fizetett munkaerőt inkább a jóval kisebb számú szolgáltató szervezetekben tud alkalmazni; működésében pedig elsősorban a román és a magyar költségvetési forrásokra, valamint külföldiadományokra támaszkodik.

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What to give in return? Suspicion in a Roma shantytown from Romania

Author(s): Zsuzsa Plainer / Language(s): English

Contrary to the Mead controversy where suspicion in fieldwork has been attributed to lack of competence or failure, the present paper considers suspicion as important ethnographic data. Through re-telling the difficulties of a research carried out among the Roma residents of a Romanian shantytown, I try to reveal all the mechanisms that are responsible for both creating suspicion and detaching the researcher from her/his informants. Embedded in Eastern-European social and political changes, mistrust in this field goes back to an initial territorial stigma attached to the locals. My research site, "the Green block of flats" has become a ghetto due to massive unemployment and differences in living conditions, where isolation from the outer world has been enforced by misunderstandings with local institutions. Being "used" by NGOs and subjected to unfulfilled treatment under the label of "helping the Roma", shantytown residents could but reject the newcomer researcher who seemed to be one of "them".

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Migraţia croaţilor din România. Între migraţie etnică şi migraţie de muncă

Author(s): Remus Gabriel Anghel / Language(s): Romanian

The paper addresses the relationship between migration and ethnicity in a case of ethnic minorities' migration, unfolding the role of migrant networks and of ethnicity in initiating and developing international labor migration. The analysis is carried out with ethnic Croats from Romania, a small ethnic group whose members first migrated to Serbia, then to Croatia and later to Austria. In these phases of migration, three uses of ethnicity unfolded: ethnicity as access to language, providing easier access to job openings and social ties to locals; ethnicity as legal status enabling access to citizenship, rights and opportunities; and ethnicity as a form of transnational solidarity to co-ethnic minorities, providing access to supplementary forms of social trust enabled by minority organizations. In this context, migrant networks functioned as provider of opportunities in a context where ethnicity was a structuring factor of this migration. In the case under study, two cumulating social resources - social capital and migrants' ethnicity - granted the easiness and success of migration, as well as the economic prosperity of migrants' households.

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