Езикът на „Писменница на славянскiй-а языкъ“ на Иван Н. Момчилов (Правописни, фонетични и граматични особености)

Author(s): Ivo Bratanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The report highlights the most significant spelling, phonetic and grammatical features of the language used by the renowned leader of the Bulgarian National Revival Ivan Momchilov in the book “Pismenitsa na slavyanskiya yazyk” (“The grammar of Slavonic language”). The report features the most distinctive language structures, which offer the Renaissance writer a wide range of options.

Фразеологизмът като стереотип (Бележки върху етнолингвистичния подход на Й. Бартмински)

Author(s): Yana Sivilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The article presents the key principles of the Polish Ethnolinguistic School. The author outlines the main achievements of the scientific approach, used by J. Bartminski and his followers. Special attention is devoted to the development of the term stereotype and its application in description and reconstruction of folk tradition. The advantages of examining the phraseological unit as a stereotypical combination of words in contemporary language are also discussed.

Устойчивите сравнения като стереотипни магически ситуации: водата като природна стихия

Author(s): Ekaterina Struganova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

In this article I make a review of the proverbial comparisons from the semantic field “natural elements” and track their connections to the stereotypes in thinking. Stereotypes I define according to E. S. Kubryakova’s “Short dictionary of the cognitive terms”. I want to understand, how in the formation and functioning of the proverbial comparisons is represented folk culture, primarily, ritual and ritual comparison. A lot of in¬formation give us proverbial comparisons, connected with water. As an example here I can state a custom of making kurban near the river, so that the blood of the animal would flow into it. This is made so that the milk of other animals flows like water, to have it a lot (Sofijsko). We can also state the expression “let it go like with water” and the rituals to pour water in front of someone, so that everything goes right (especially in time of the initiation). Also, to clarify this topic I include analyses of the spells, where the analogy between the illness or the symptoms, or the curing process and the outer world is vivid. For example, if someone wants to get rid of the warts, he or she cuts the stick and places them in the river, so that it takes them away together with the warts (Sofijsko, Dolni Lozen).

САВРЕМЕНА ПРОУЧАВАЊА ЈЕЗИКА И КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ

Author(s): Milan Todorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

УТИЦАЈ СТЕРЕОТИПА НА УЧЕЊЕ ШПАНСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА

Author(s): Sandra Miladinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

Considerando que la enseñanza moderna de lenguas extranjeras presupone que la lengua y la cultura forman una unidad única e inseparable, es necesario que los alumnos desarrollen una opinión positiva hacia la cultura cuya lengua aprenden. No obstante, son numerosas las investigaciones que confirman la existencia de varios estereotipos a la hora de aprender lenguas extranjeras, y que los mismos de cierta manera moldean el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua misma. Teniendo en cuenta que los mencionados estereotipos pueden aparecer en dos formas, como positivos y como negativos, su influencia en el aprendizaje de las lenguas extranjeres puede tener un doble efecto. A este respecto, es importante la relación que existe entre los estereotipos y la motivación, porque partimos de la hipótesis de que los estereotipos positivos pueden motivar el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera, mientras que, por otra parte, los estereotipos negativos pueden ser un motivo de desinterés para los alumnos, y por lo tanto para su éxito. Asimismo, no hay que descuidar la competencia intercultural cuyo desarrollo depende en gran medida del grado de la existencia de los estereotipos entre los alumnos y los estudiantes. Este trabajo tratará la influencia de los estereotipos en el aprendizaje de la lengua española. El objetivo principal es señalar la importancia del estudio de la dicha problemática a través de la revisión de algunos trabajos e investigaciones más relevantes, es decir comprobar en qué medida los estereotipos influyen en el aprendizaje de la lengua española, al igual que señalar las implicaciones pedagógicas que ellos traen consigo. Las investi- gaciones muestran resultados similares en cuanto a la presencia de los estereotipos entre los estudiantes y los alumnos que aprenden español como lengua extranjera. Aparecen tanto los negativos como los positivos, aunque los segundos emergen en mayor medida, lo que está a favor del aprendizaje de la lengua española, así como a favor del crecimento de motivación y desarrollo de la competencia intercultural.

УТИЦАЈ НОВИНАРСКОГ ЖАНРА НА ПРЕНОШЕЊЕ ТУЂЕГ ГОВОРА У НОВИНСКИ МЕДИЈ

Author(s): Katarina Mijaljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

Inclusion of others’ words into authorial discourse is actually the trans- mission of someone else’s speech. Forms of the journalistic style of writing are used in order for transmission of other people’s speech to have the same expressive value as to readers of newspaper media. In the introductory part we present the impor- tance and role of journalistic style of writing in transferring someone else’s speech into newspapers. The paper also discusses two grammaticalized types of conveying another’s speech - direct and indirect - from daily newspapers published in the Re- public of Serbia. We will pay attention to the examples taken from the texts that are an integral part of the daily newspapers which we have divided into two large groups, depending on whether they belong to the model of direct or indirect speech and what their fuction is in a given context.

О БОГАТСТВУ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИЧКОГ НАСЛЕЂА

Author(s): Aleksandra M. Antić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

Neda Pintarić, Ivana Čagalj i Ivana Vidović Bolt. (ur.), Komparativnoslavističke lingvokulturalne teme

Author(s): Lidija Milković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 89/2020

Review of: Lidija Milković - Neda Pintarić, Ivana Čagalj i Ivana Vidović Bolt. (ur.), Komparativnoslavističke lingvokulturalne teme. Srednja Europa, Zagreb, 2019., 409 str.

Trochę niezbyt udany debiut czyli słów kilka o eufemizmach w języku prasy i polityki na przykładzie języka francuskiego i polskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Izert / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

W artykule tym jest analizowane znaczenie kontekstowe czterech przysłówków trochę, nieco, mało, niezbyt oraz ich francuskich odpowiedników un peu, un (tout) petit peu, peu, pas trop we współczesnym języku prasy i polityki. Według podstawowych definicji słownikowych służą one do wyrażania słabego natężenia cechy. Dziennikarze nie chcąc kogoś urazić, a politycy chcąc lepiej wypaść, mówiąc o sobie samych, używają ich, aby w sposób eufemistyczny powiedzieć o negatywnej cesze (trochę, nieco / un peu) albo aby prawie zanegować istnienie cechy pozytywnej (mało, niezbyt / peu, pas trop). Często jednak mówiąc mniej, dziennikarze czy politycy dają odczuć, że powiedzieli więcej. Litota – którą siłą rzeczy można dokładnie odczytać tylko w kontekście użycia, jest zawoalowanym sposobem skrytykowania kogoś lub czegoś, wytknięcia poważnego niedociągnięcia. Używa się jej dla wyrażenia silnego stopnia natężenia lub nawet nadmiaru cechy negatywnej. // In this article we analyze the context meaning of four adverbs: trochę, nieco, mało, niezbyt and their French equivalents un peu, un (tout) petit peu, peu, pas trop in contemporary press and political language. According to basic dictionary definitions, they are used to express weak intensity of a feature. The journalists, trying to avoid offending somebody, and politicians trying to make better impression while talking about themselves, use them, to talk about a negative feature in an euphemistic manner (trochę, nieco / un peu), or to “almost deny” the existence of a positive feature (mało, niezbyt / peu, pas trop). However, while telling less, the journalists or politicians often intend to make an impression that they said more. Litotes, which inevitably can be accurately understood only in the full context of use, is a veiled way to criticize someone or something, to point out a serious shortcoming. It is used to express a strong degree or even an excess of a negative feature.

Новое в русской и славянской фразеологии

Author(s): / Language(s): Slovak,Russian,Czech,Ukrainian

The multi-author book New Russian and Slavic Phraseology examines the diversity of the phraseological dynamics in modern Slavic languages. The authors analysed new processes, such as the emergence of new phraseological units, various changes in invariants of phrasemes and paroemias with reference to phraseological modelling, reactualization of the phraseological corpus elements in Slavic languages in new social climate. The authors studied new processes in modern phraseology in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Bulgarian and Macedonian languages, and also used facts from other European languages to complement their analyses. The first chapter of the book entitled “New processes in modern Russian and Slavic phraseology” examines the connection of phraseological neologization with the most significant changes in the lives of native speakers and their society. It focuses on general trends in the development of the phraseological composition in Slavic languages and phraseosemantic aspects, and discusses problems of reproducibility and idiomaticity of ‘new’ variants of ‘old’ phraseological units. The chapter provides an overview of thematic and semantic fields in which the manifestation of new phraseology is particularly active. Other topics discussed include the interactions of ‘us’ and ‘them’, ‘old’ and ‘new’, domestic and foreign cultural (transcultural) elements in the form, semantics and pragmatics of modern phraseological neologisms, the problems of reflection of foreign cultural realia in phraseology, the perception and interpretation of phraseological units by the Slavic speech community with the comparison of the ‘traditional’ and ‘new’ stereotypes of the current generation of native speakers, as well as the correlation of synchrony and diachrony in the study of the relation between ‘old’ and ‘new’ in the modern Slavic phraseology and paremiology. The second chapter “New in Russian and Slavic phraseology in the mirror of lexicography” presents current and topical problems based on the experience of lexicographic description and recording of phraseological units in the aspect and explanatory dictionaries of Russian and other Slavic languages. The authors focus on the key issues of phraseological neography–what should be considered a new phraseological unit, and what chronological point should become the starting point for its description. Special attention is paid to the linguistic interpretation of the term ‘phraseological neologism’ with its chronological and functional aspects, the life potential of phraseological neologisms that emerged in beginning of the new millennium projected on the present-day use, the reasons and incentives for an initial activ496 | НОВОЕ В РУССКОЙ И СЛАВЯНСКОЙ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИИ ity of neologisms followed by the subsequent stabilization of some of the phrasemes, while the other ones are marginalized. The phraseological potential of new stable collocations with the social demand for their use, recording new phraseology in dictionaries of neologisms, and, in the case of their stabilization, in lexicographical and phraseographic sources are also discussed in the chapter. The third chapter entitled “New phraseological units in the modern media discourse” addresses the sphere of media landscape and media texts as the most powerful source of new phraseology. Based on the material excerpted from the media discourse, the authors consider the trends of phraseological parallelism in Slavic languages in the complexity of convergent and divergent processes, phraseologization of language units and incentives for their generation in the Internet space, network communication and cyberculture, and creative interpretation of a phraseological invariant by individual users and social groups. The fourth chapter “New phraseological units in language corpora, modern journalism and fiction” presents different approaches of the co-authors to studying the frequency of the use of certain types of phraseological novelties recorded in the corpora. The approaches also differ in the study of the semantic dynamics of phrasemes in journalistic discourse and in defining the complex idiomatic manifestations representing linguistic stereotypes. The chapter discusses approaches to the study of the variational and interpretive aspect of phraseology, which contributes to the reconstruction of the complex stable beliefs representing the assessment of the political and social phenomena, and to the study of the mechanism of indirectly derived nominations in various conceptospheres. Using literary texts and fiction as sources, the author considers the idiosyncrasy of the phraseology in the authors’ discourse and the problems of translating neological phraseological units of a slang nature into other languages. The authors of the fifth chapter entitled “Problems of the boundaries of modern Slavic phraseology” focused on the need to clarify the basic concepts of phraseology with respect to new conditions. They address the problems of semantics, pragmatics, functioning of phraseological units and lexical metaphorical formations that can be compared to phrasemes in their purpose and reproducibility. The chapter provides a definition, or rather a certain clarification of the phraseological status of stable comparisons, minimal phraseological constructions as ‘preposition + noun’, syntactic phraseological units, compound terms, slogans, appeals, etc. The sixth chapter “The origin of modern phraseological neologisms” is devoted to the issues of interlingual convergence of closely related / non-closely related Slavic and non-Slavic languages, and the interaction of their phraseology. In particular, it studies borrowings in the new Slavic phraseology, the phraseological potential of figurative expressions with a certain component, dialogical idioms. The authors focus on the perception of the semantics of phraseological units by the modern language consciousness, taking into account the social situation, spiritual constants and cultural reference points of modern society. SUMMARY | 497 The seventh chapter entitled “Transformation of phraseological units in the modern Slavic languages” presents a wide range of research in semantic, structuralsemantic and contextual novelties in phraseological units, phraseological modelling performed in vertical and horizontal analyses with respect to the transformational potential of various structural-semantic types of phraseological units. The authors focused on the interpretative potential and current new phenomena in biblical phraseological expressions as well as in phraseological units with mythological, anthroponymic and somatic components, and their perception by the modern cultural and linguistic community. A particular attention is paid to the study of transformations as a creative linguistic activity of native speakers, the manifestations of carnivalization of the ‘old’ units, and to examples of a language game. The problems of a comparative study of the transformational potential of phraseological units in closely related Slavic languages were also subjected to detailed analysis. The eighth chapter “Modern paremiology, proverbiology and aphoristics” studies the transformative potential of paroemias, proverbial expressions, aphorisms, slogans and the examples of their specific implementations. The authors consider the problems of precedence, the activity and transformative potential of the structuralsemantic model, the interaction of internal and external incentives of the precedent texts which lead to generating new axiologically informative idioms. The semantic and formal aspects of transformations of paroemias, proverbial expressions, aphorisms and slogans in the context of social relevance of this kind of neology are analysed in the chapter. Linguistic and cultural transfer is defined as a new approach to the study of modern changes in Slavic paroemias.

EXPLORING SOCIAL REALITY IN ROMANIAN, ENGLISH AND FRENCH ANTONYMIC PHRASEOLOGIES: “SUCCESS” AND “UNSUCCESS”

Author(s): Oana Balan / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

This paper examines the social reality and cultural relativity surrounding the concepts of ‘success’ and ‘unsuccess’ across Romanian, English and French phraseologies and the way they are reflective of the values, norms, and aspirations of a society. Drawing upon cognitive linguistics theories, the analysis delves into linguistic expressions and cultural narratives related to ‘success’ and ‘unsuccess’, while also considering the biographies of prominent figures such as Queen Elizabeth II, Coco Chanel and Queen Mary of Romania. By comparing linguistic representations and cultural attitudes towards success and unsuccess in these three languages, this study aims to highlight both the similarities and differences between societies and their perceptions of achievement and failure.

CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC RECEPTION OF THE HEART (CASE STUDY: GREEK IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS)

Author(s): Ștefan Dumitru / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the Greek idiomatic expressions whose core term is the noun “heart” confirm the cultural representations of it in the most important cultures: headquarters of emotions and feelings, of reason and conscious decisions, of will. The three levels of human consciousness are captured in various ways in the corpus of the sixty-three expressions inventoried. In the present research we highlighted both the correspondences between the two domains established by cognitive linguistics, as well as their essential coordinates. The drafting of similar studies will allow the formulation of conclusions that interest both the study of Greek mentalities (with interdisciplinary developments) and modern directions of language study, such as neurolinguistics.

За гнездовия подход при представянето на производни думи в тълковния речник с оглед на съществителните с формант -(е)ств(о)//-stv(í)/-(c)tv(í) в българския и чешкия език

Author(s): Tsvetanka Avramova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article compares the approaches to the representation of the abstract nouns ending in -(е)ств(о)//-stv(í)/-(c)tv(í) adopted in two one-volume explanatory dictionaries of Bulgarian and Czech, respectively, that employ the alphabetical-nested arrangement of the words. A large part of the abstract nouns refer to the dictionary entry of another word without being interpreted themselves. I argue that this is justified only in the case of true transpositional nomina essendi derivatives included in the derivational nest of a qualitative adjective headword. In the remaining cases analysed in the study, it is necessary to define the lexical meaning of the derivatives ending in -(е)ств(о)//-stv(í)/-(c)tv(í) separately, as it differs significantly from the meaning of the motivating words (usually – nouns for persons). Abstract nouns should accordingly be represented as separate headwords. I conclude that the alphabetical-nested principle should be applied with caution in explanatory dictionaries, always taking into account the peculiarities of the derived lexemes.

Новите значения на прилагателното чувствителен – защо да (не) ги предпочитаме

Author(s): Vanina Sumrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article discusses the recently established meanings of the adjective чувст¬вителен ‘sensitive’ found in expressions such as sensitive information, sensitive data, sensitive issues, sensitive stories, which have emerged as a result of the English influence on Bulgarian. These meanings contrast with earlier uses of the word to the point of enantiosemy. Below I list a number of synonyms that can successfully replace this adjective in the expressions under consideration.

Когнитивни аспекти на метафорите в съвременните български политически речи

Author(s): Zhaneta Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The development follows two sides of the manifestation of cognitive metaphors as a communicative mechanism in contemporary Bulgarian political discourse: the rhetorical aspects of Bulgarian political communication; the linguistic-communicative features of cognitive metaphors in political speech, through which they function as a mechanism for interaction between the parties of political discourse. An important direction in the course of the study is to clarify the mechanisms by which the interaction between the parties in communication is realized. In this regard, several specific features of the national political discourse can be identified: the authority of the speaker and his ability to control all levels in the structure of the context of the political message; the dominant role of individual discourse; aggressive linguistic presence in communication; the dominant presence of conversational speech at the expense of the official; manipulation of objectivity; low level of informativeness. The cognitive and semantic aspects of metaphors in contemporary Bulgarian political discourse impose the following differentiation of their features: specificity of archetypal metaphors - the possibility of the basic metaphor to be reproduced as a stable cognitive core in the contemporary political communicative act; specificity of variant metaphors - the cognitive projection of the archetypal metaphor and its inscription in a new metaphorical perspective (cognitive range of metaphors path and body); cognitive links between the source sphere, the conceptual sphere and the target sphere - the associative link between the target and the source is the specificity of the cognitive metaphor, and all variant projections between them make up the volume of the conceptual sphere. The summary affects the function of cognitive metaphorical models in Bulgarian political discourse.

Комуникативно взаимодействие в интервюто

Author(s): Yovka Tisheva,Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

This paper examines the communicative interaction within the media interview. The types of turns that journalists choose when conducting an interview are examined. From a formal perspective, the initial turn contains an interrogative, an imperative or a declarative, or a combination of two of these utterance types. In communicative terms, all three types of utterance have a directive illocutionary force, as the response indicates. The conclusions base on data from media speech.

1902 TARİHLİ KİRİL HARFLİ KIRIM TATARCA BİR SÖZLÜKTEKİ SÖZ VARLIĞI

Author(s): Bülent Hünerli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 23/2024

The Crimean Tatars, who have important commonalities with the Turkish region in terms of literary tradition, actually have an old tradition of lexicography and very valuable Crimean Tatar dictionaries have been published in the process. These dictionaries are mostly general in nature and also include glossaries of terms. Codex Kumanicus is accepted by Crimean Tatars as the first Crimean Tatar dictionary and work. Written in the 13-14th centuries, this work is one of the indispensable sources of Turkological studies. In the following years, valuable Crimean-Tatar dictionaries were prepared. Towards the end of the 19th century, another work titled Short RussianTatar Dictionary (Crimean dialect) was published. This dictionary was written especially for Russian tourists visiting Crimea and locals who did not know Crimean Tatar well. In the introduction of the work, various information about the dictionary is given: Approximately 2/3 of the words in the dictionary are composed of words used in spoken language. Apart from the dictionary, the main grammatical rules and phrases and sentences in Crimean Tatar are also included. In this dictionary Crimean Tatar words are written in Cyrillic alphabet. At a time when the Arabic alphabet was used among the Crimean Tatars, the publication of such a work in Cyrillic is very remarkable. However, the Cyrillic alphabet of Crimean Tatar words has made it difficult to express some sounds in Crimean Tatar language. In the end, the dictionary is a "guide dictionary". In our study, we will introduce this dictionary and examine it in terms of vocabulary.

Экспрессивный потенциал фразеологизмов в современных медиатекстах

Author(s): Elena Radenkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article discusses the role of phraseological units in modern media texts and the realization of their expressive potential. Analysis of headings with a phraseological unit in their structure is carried out in order to investigate the creation of language expression in the media discourse.

О некоторых тематических группах фразеологизмов в исторической болгарской публицистике

Author(s): Milena Paliy / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

Phraseological figurative units contribute to establishing emotional atmosphere and providing a wide range of opportunities for author’s assessment of the political phenomena. The paper advances some excerpts of the writings of the famous philosopher and politician D. Blagoev as he was one of the founders of the new Bulgarian publicist style. The author has made an attempt to present Blagoev’s profound command of language and his skills to use phraseological units aiming at the formation and improvement of Bulgarian language of literature.

Опозицията свое – чуждо в говора на българите католици от Белене в лексикални примери

Author(s): Magdalena Abadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2024

The article examines two lexemes from the speech of the Bulgarian Catholics of Belene, originating from rites and dances of the Orthodox population in the city, by which are named unacceptable actions. The examples are interesting for how confessional difference manifests itself through language, transforming neutral vocabulary into emotional-expressive with a negative or disapproving tone. By means of the word бръзъùцъ, related to the observance „Brazaya“, a mocking and contemptuous attitude towards a woman with a funny, ugly or scary face is expressed. The second example under consideration, èръйшалдъ, derives from a dance characteristic of the Orthodox population of Belene, and is used in a negative sense for a person who expresses his joyous emotions unrestrained or who is rebellious and stubborn.