Sistemul de învățământ irakian de la mărire la decădere

Author(s): Simona Iacob / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

In Iraq, the education is, as in Romania, administered by the government, more specifically by the Ministry of Education. The country experienced in the past the best systems of education in the region and enjoyed a special reputation for the pre-university and academic system. But in the last two decades, the education in Iraq became problematic. The fall of Sadam Hussein’s regime, in 2003 and the invasion of the United States destabilized the education system and quality has constantly deteriorated.

Digital Competences in the Acquisition of Romanian as a Foreign Language

Author(s): Ana-Mihaela Istrate / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The study highlights the most important challenges encountered by the language professors in teaching online, enumerating some of the most important tools available during an entire year of online teaching Romanian as a Foreign Language. It focuses particularly on the difficulties that international students had, while learning a completely new language, without any face-to-face interaction, stressing the most important online instruments, which could help us teach Romanian grammar and vocabulary. The study highlights also the most important theoretical frameworks regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which can trigger the learning process, even in an exclusively online environment. Very important is the change of mentalities, first at the level of the teachers, who can and should embrace the change, so that they can push the limits of teaching languages in the virtual space, in such a way that classes could be equally interesting and challenging for the learners. A very important section of the article is dedicated to the study of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, in the case of international students learning Romanian as a foreign language, explaining the mechanisms that trigger language acquisition and offering examples of instruments that we have at hand, to help the language production. The study also enumerates some of the most important models that focus on linguistic and social processes, which trigger foreign language acquisition, which can explain why in certain cases learners can learn a foreign language faster or experience a culture shock, due to the inappropriate cultural adaptation.

Conexiunile între educație și tehnologie în predarea limbii române ca limbă străină

Author(s): Ana-Mihaela Istrate / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2020

The present study highlights the most important challenges faced by moder education as a result of the transfer of class from face-to-face to the on-line system. Starting from a definition of synchronous methods of teaching and continuing with an understanding of the role of the computer in online teaching of foreign languages, the article explains the way in which the two basic components of the acquisition of Romanian as a foreign language – grammatical competences and vocabulary acquisition, have been influenced. The study explains the way in which Microsoft Teams platform was used as a means of communication for the students enrolled in the Foundation Year of Romanian as a Foreign Language, explaining the challenges faced by teachers in the online period. Last but not least, the article highlights the technical difficulties posed by the use of Microsoft Teams platforms, but also the accomplishments achieved while successfully using interactive work techniques, during the Grammar and Vocabulary classes.

Проницаемостта на формите на конклузива в съвременния български език

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article examines the permeability of composite conclusive forms in the active and passive voice in modern Bulgarian. The author distinguishes two cases: permeability from short dative and accusative personal pronouns and from the particle “se” with a pronominal origin, as well as permeability from the particle “li” and other particles, inserted remarks, adverbs, and simple sentences. In addition is provided an overview of specific and generalised models of permeability, supported by examples from language corpora and the internet. The conclusions highlight both the common and unique features of the permeability of composite verb forms. To substantiate this, the author relies on examples obtained from language corpora and the internet, encompassing short personal pronouns, adverbs, particles like “se” and “li”, inserts, simple sentences, as well as composite forms where permeability is not feasible. Additionally, identified are several cases where penetration in two places from the same linguistic elements is possible. The presented examples and models, along with the resulting conclusions, prove that the process of grammaticalisation at a formal level is not fully accomplished in the Bulgarian verb paradigm. This is due to the fact that composite forms are permeable to other elements. The author applies K. Lehmann's parameter of grammaticalization to demonstrate that, as the process of grammaticalisation progresses, both the ability to rearrange elements and the permeability from other linguistic units decreases.

Местоименията – между когницията и граматикализацията

Author(s): Mariana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Pronouns are an excerpt of grammaticalization, its linguistic explication. The paradigm of pronouns and its logical functionality in the invariable relationship with their prototypes, where first and foremost together with that stands the self as the autonomy of the cognitively tempted and devoted to this selfconsciousness, makes sense of grammaticalization as a mechanism of categorical extension.

Importanţa componentei culturale în predarea limbii române ca limbă străină

Author(s): Ana Mihaela Istrate / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

The present study represents an analysis of the methods used by teaching staff of the Romanian - American University, during the three years of teaching, at the Foundation Year of Romanian language as a foreign language. In a constantly growing market with a growing demand, especially for preparing future students for medical programs, the article follows the evolution of the international students, who enrol in the program with an A1-A2 level of English language knowledge, which raises the question of the type of teaching: with the help of English as support language, or directly in the Romanian language, by the immersion method in the new language of study. Considering also the cultural differences existing between learners, which affect in a way dramatically acquiring a language with an extremely different grammar and difficult at the same time, we will turn our attention to the importance of cultural elements, highlighting the similarities between cultures, which allow an easier transition to the new language and culture.

Споделена устойчивост на Югоизточна Европа

Author(s): Todor Dotchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The report presents a brief introduction and retrospective of the concept of „sustainability“ and the name „Southeastern Europe“ as well as the relationship between them. The potential external factors that can have an impact on achieving the goals of the foreign policy of the Republic of Bulgaria have been revealed. The contribution of Bulgaria to sustainability in South-Eastern Europe, results and possible prospects for the development of shared sustainability are indicated.

Цикличност в процеса на отбранително планиране

Author(s): Georgi Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The report presents the results of a study of the periodicity of defence reviews (strategic reviews) over the last 30 years concerning the armed forces. The different durations of cycles in the defence planning have been established (by a systematic analysis) which predetermines deviations, delays or shortfalls in the development of the defence capabilities and armed forces. Refinement of the process in the direction of synchronization with the corresponding process in NATO will increase the efficiency and the timely development of interoperable forces.

Модел за оценка на риска от извършване на шпионаж в организационната единица

Author(s): Anton Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The report examines a possible version of a model/matrix for assessing the risk of espionage in a given organization. Various factors are reported and risk weights are proposed. When applying the matrix, it is possible to facilitate the general assessment of the security risk of a given organization, and in particular to support the investigation of espionage under Art. 104 of the Criminal Code. The utility of the proposed possible model would also be high for information security officers in various organizational units, according to the Law for the Protection of Classified Information.

Иновативен подход за определяне на прогнозната стойност на обществена поръчка в отбраната

Author(s): Kiril Grancharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

In times of high inflation, economic turmoil and limited resources, spending a public resource in the most efficient way is of utmost importance for the development and well-being of society. This paper proposes an innovative way to determine the estimated value of defense procurement by using the time value of money (future value).

Манипулирането на информацията като оръжие

Author(s): Ivaylo Ignatov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article summarizes the results of a research on the sources on the Internet from which users are most often informed about what is happening around them. The main purpose of the research itself is to determine what is the presence of the official institutions of Bulgaria in the global network, to what extent their information sites are ranked in the leading positions in the results of search engines and the reasons for the obtained results. Some conclusions and proposals are made in relation to the possibility of creating certain attitudes in society through the use of search engines on the Internet for tendentious, manipulative and incomplete presentation of information.

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

За мисията на съвременния български езиковед

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article deals with the role of the contemporary Bulgarian linguist in the complex processes of codification of literary-linguistic norms. The text is linked to the 75th anniversary of the eminent Bulgarian linguist Prof. Vladko Murdarov. The object of the analytical observations in the text are problems related to the codification of literary-language norms, to the curricula and textbooks on Bulgarian language in secondary school; to the notion of language policy, as well as to the issues of the public image of the Bulgarian language in the media space. A brief overview is given of important historical processes that have shaped the development of the Bulgarian language and its science. The author summarizes the important features that every contemporary linguist should possess - depth of linguistic knowledge in synchronous and diachronic terms, a sense of the dynamics of linguistic processes in order to be able to objectively reflect the complex processes of language development, linking them to the complex and dynamic processes of social development.

Етнолингвистични проекти и приложението им в образователния процес в чуждоезикова среда

Author(s): Maria Dobrikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article presents the characteristics of two research projects conducted by the Department of Slavic Philology in the Faculty of Arts at Comenius University in Bratislava, focused on the field of ethnolinguistics and ethnophraseology, which pertain to the perception of the supernatural in languages and cultures of the West Slavic and South Slavic areas. Particular emphasis is placed on the perspective of applying the knowledge gained during the research in the educational process, for instance, within lectures such as “Slavic Linguistic Image of the World”, “Slavic Phraseology”, “Slavic Dialectology”, as well as in designing topics for final papers, and so on.

Диференцирано преподаване в час по чужд език – слушане с разбиране и четене с разбиране чрез LearningApps

Author(s): Nikolina Iskarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

Listening comprehension and reading comprehension play an essential role in foreign language acquisition, but learners differ on a number of indicators related to this aspect. The aim of this paper is to examine different options for the effective use of the LearningApps online platform in differentiated instruction in a foreign language classroom when the focus is on developing listening comprehension or reading comprehension skills, since a differentiated approach implies greater learner emotional engagement, greater motivation to learn, and better learning performance compared to a non-differentiated one. In order to achieve this goal, the views of scholars in the fields of psychology, pedagogy and language teaching methodology are taken into account. Based on the analysis, a number of requirements are derived for the teacher in using LearningApps to develop learners' skills on the speech activities under consideration.

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

(What) Should We Be Vigilant When Teaching Word Formation in English to Bulgarian English Philology Students?

Author(s): Aleksandra Bagasheva / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

The research offered here reviews the content of teaching word formation within the bachelor and master’s degree programs at the Department of English and American Studies at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. Stock is taken with the basic problems arising from the insufficiency of word formation related content taught and the overview nature of the elective courses included in the programs. Basic areas of asymmetry between the word formation systems of English and Bulgarian are discussed, including factors for these, and certain signposts considered musts in word formation courses at university level are suggested.

Translating Linguistic Theories into Practical Solutions for ESP Materials Design: from Discourse Analysis to Teaching Political Discourse

Author(s): Boryana Kostova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

Linguistics plays a key role in foreign language education both in relation to the teaching/learning process and to materials development. As a point of departure the article examines the implications of linguistic paradigms for foreign language teaching methods and follows the evolution of the concept discourse competence. Together with Discourse Analysis it is identified as central to updating contemporary teaching methods and instructional materials. The major objective is to show how research within linguistics informs and gives new impetus to FLT which is illustrated by a model of ESP instructional material designed for teaching political discourse to university students. The main conclusion is that such a form of mediation between theory and practice can broaden the focus on authenticity to encompass not only exposure to real language but also to genuinely analytical and critical thinking experiences typical for the academia.

Стихосбирката „Пролетен вятър“ от Никола Фурнаджиев – авангард и „родно“

Author(s): Bilyana Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

The article offers an insight into the entanglement between the avantgarde modernist principles of image and the Bulgarian aesthetic-ideological idea of the “native” from the 20s of the 20th century, realized by Nikola Furnadzhiev in the collection of poems “Spring Wind” from 1925. The reasoning is based on correspondences between the imagery in the paintings of the period and that in the poetic works from the poetry collection. The artistic suggestion achieved on their basis in “Spring Wind” illustrates an important aspect of Bulgarian avant-garde modernism as an aesthetic phenomenon, in which, although not yet fully described, European avant-garde aesthetic ideas and worldview attitudes are connected with the native ideological and aesthetic tradition. As a result of this relationship, in the entire literary field of the period, specific artistic modernist manifestations are obtained, through which Bulgarian literature in the years between the two world wars fits into the general European artistic process of intense search for an existential perspective before the post-war man and the corresponding aesthetic paths for achievement set through the creative efforts of a new post-war generation of artists. The inclusion of Furnadzhiev‘s poetry collection in this artistic practice has a decisive contribution to the expansion of pictorial experimentation and establishes its literary-aesthetic importance.

Ассоциативные представления о памяти в русской и китайской лингвокультурах

Author(s): Ol’ga Barabash,Li Shutian / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2023

The article examines the features of conceptualization of the phenomenon of memory in the Russian and Chinese languages. By comparing the linguistic representations of memory in two cultures, similar and nationally specific images and connotations are revealed. The authors come to the conclusion that the ideas of Russians and Chinese about the connection between memory and thinking, past and future, about the dialectical nature of the phenomenon of memory are universal. However, associative interpretations of the properties of memory are realized in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures in different images