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UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2014 – MONTENEGRO. – Resource Efficiency and sustainable Human Development

Author(s): Saša Popović,Marina Marković,Arkadi Toritsyn / Language(s): English

In line with one of the main priorities and “driving” forces of the Europe 2020 agenda, and being aware of the need for a change in development trajectory, during the consultative process of the report’s preparation, the Montenegrin Government reasserted its vision to become an “ecological state” and move towards a resource-efficient economy. // The report explains what it takes for Montenegro to reach a resource-efficient, greener and more competitive economy as per Europe 2020 with a strong positive and sustainable human development impact and it is a result of the analytical efforts to define a resource-efficient development agenda on the basis of the potentials, existing obstacles and limitations. The Report contains the proposal of policies and actions necessary to achieve the shift to a more resource-efficient, greener and more competitive economy that would be fully harmonized with the key priorities of the European Union and that would be fully in the function of promoting human development.

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Zarządzanie rozwojem współczesnych miast

Author(s): Tadeusz Marszał,Justyna Danielewicz,Dorota Sikora-Fernandez,Andrzej Klasik,Florian Kuźnik,Wanda Maria Gaczek,Małgorzata Żak-Skwierczyńska,Paweł Churski,Tomasz Herodowicz,Barbara Konecka-Szydłowska,Robert Perdał,Aleksandra Ewa Nowakowska,Agnieszka Orankiewicz,Maciej Turała,Jacek Zaucha,Tomasz Komornicki,Wawrzyniec Rudolf,Dominik Drzazga,Adam Kowalewski,Adam Kowalewski,Danuta Stawasz,Magdalena Wiśniewska,Janusz Reichel,Filip Łukasz Moterski / Language(s): Polish

Cities are complex, multielement organisms, and managing them requires interdisciplinary knowledge and skills. Currently, when a territorial approach to urban management has gained in significance, there is a need to pay attention to the functional connections between cities and their immediate surroundings. What appears particularly important is an integrated approach to spacial management, planning of technical infrastructure systems or social and economical development, which should result in designing and implementing particular urban policies based on the cooperation of numerous stakeholders. The publication explains the theoretical and practical aspects of managing the development of cities, while integrating the multi-level and multi-faceted nature of urban management. The book’s audience are people interested in managing contemporary urban areas using a territorial approach: local authorities and regional development institutions, as well as university students.

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Koszty społeczne w sprawozdawczości jednostki gospodarczej

Author(s): Ewelina Kuberska / Language(s): Polish

Monografia wpisuje się w nurt badań nad zrównoważonym rozwojem, odpowiedzialnością społeczną i środowiskową biznesu. Reprezentuje pole naukowe rachunkowości i sprawozdawczości w zakresie zużycia dóbr nierynkowych, takich jak powietrze, środowisko przyrodnicze, cisza czy krajobraz. Odpowiada na rosnącą wśród interesariuszy potrzebę raportowania informacji niefinansowych. Książka poświęcona jest kosztom społecznym w teorii i sprawozdawczości jednostki gospodarczej na przykładzie przedsiębiorstwa wydobywczego KGHM S.A. Autorka próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy w nauce rachunkowości występują metody wyceny mogące służyć do wyceny kosztów społecznych powstających w wyniku negatywnego oddziaływania przedsiębiorstw na otoczenie. W odpowiedzi przedstawia propozycję wyceny i prezentacji w sprawozdawczości niefinansowej kosztów społecznych jednostki gospodarczej na przykładzie KGHM S.A.

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The Bridge over the Prut, version 2.0: the electricity interconnection between Romania and Moldova

Author(s): Otilia Nuţu,Denis Cenușă / Language(s): English

Moldova’s electricity sector remains vulnerable and weak because of corruption, dependence on unreliable suppliers which abuse their dominant position, and unfinished liberalization. In fact, the rules of the game in the sector are incomplete and discriminatory, at the expense of the Moldovan taxpayer or small consumer. A recent example is the controversial tender for electricity imports in early 2016. Moldova continues to purchase energy from Transdniester, which pushes up the consumption of non-paid gas. The irresponsible behavior of players in the separatist region – with the blessing of Chisinau – increased Moldova’s total gas debts to the Russian Federation, which are now as high as 80-90% of the country's GDP. Delays in dealing with the issues of mismanagement and corruption in the energy sector burden the whole economy of the country, far beyond the energy sector.

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How to Encourage the Development of Renewable Energy in the Republic of Moldova?

Author(s): Alexandru Fală / Language(s): English

The Law on Promoting the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources, which transposes Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, will enter into force at the end of March 2017. The effective application of the respective law is crucial for the Republic of Moldova, considering the limited conventional energy sources, as well as confined energy independence. Thus, Moldova greatly depends on energy import, which over the past years has become uncertain due to tense relations with the Russian Federation and armed conflict in Ukraine. Therefore, the development of renewable energy sources will allow to balance the payments and to strengthen (at least, to a certain extent) the country’s energy security. // The purpose of this document is to scan the renewable energy sector and policies in this field, and to come up with recommendations for effective application of the Law on Promoting the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources.

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BETWEEN ENERGY SECURITY AND ENERGY MARKET INTEGRATION. Guidelines for the future development of the EU’s external energy policy in Europe’s neighbourhood

Author(s): Zuzanna Brunarska,Aleksandra Jarosiewicz,Agata Loskot-Strachota,Iwona Wiśniewska / Language(s): English

Energy policy is currently one of the EU’s sectoral policies. Its external dimension is aimed at fostering the achievement of sustainability, competitiveness and the security of supply. In the context of relations with third countries the EU external energy policy is at present focused on: – ensuring stable energy supplies at competitive prices and (often in relation to this) – seeking to reform the energy markets in neighbouring countries in order to harmonise them with the EU market. // This reconciliation of the effectiveness of external actions with the attainment of the objectives of increased self-sufficiency and energy efficiency remains the key challenge for the EU’s external energy policy.

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Shale Gas in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Romania. Political Context – Legal Status – Outlook

Author(s): Tomasz Dąborowski,Jakub Groszkowski / Language(s): English

Over the past twelve months Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Romania have made a U-turn in their approach to shale gas exploration and production. Until the end of 2011, the governments of these countries showed a positive (Bulgaria) or neutral (Romania, the Czech Republic) attitude both to prospecting for domestic deposits and the potential production of shale gas, which resulted in licenses being granted to companies specialising in the field. (Compared to Poland, however, the number of licences awarded in these three countries was negligible. Romania issued most but even there the total number did not exceed ten). A wave of criticism from local society and environmentalists – often backed by interest groups – contributed to a shift in the position the countries’ governments took on the issue. In early January 2012, Bulgaria introduced a complete ban on shale gas prospecting and production, while the new Romanian government announced a moratorium on all prospecting work in May and plans to extend it for a period of two years if it wins the December election. A similar moratorium is currently being prepared also by the Czech government.

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Problemy z gazem łupkowym w Bułgarii, Czechach i RumuniI: Uwarunkowania polityczne – stan prawny – perspektywy

Author(s): Tomasz Dąborowski,Jakub Groszkowski / Language(s): Polish

Over the past twelve months Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Romania have made a U-turn in their approach to shale gas exploration and production. Until the end of 2011, the governments of these countries showed a positive (Bulgaria) or neutral (Romania, the Czech Republic) attitude both to prospecting for domestic deposits and the potential production of shale gas, which resulted in licenses being granted to companies specialising in the field. (Compared to Poland, however, the number of licences awarded in these three countries was negligible. Romania issued most but even there the total number did not exceed ten). A wave of criticism from local society and environmentalists – often backed by interest groups – contributed to a shift in the position the countries’ governments took on the issue. In early January 2012, Bulgaria introduced a complete ban on shale gas prospecting and production, while the new Romanian government announced a moratorium on all prospecting work in May and plans to extend it for a period of two years if it wins the December election. A similar moratorium is currently being prepared also by the Czech government.

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NIEMIECKA TRANSFORMACJA ENERGETYCZNA. Trudne początki

Author(s): Anna Kwiatkowska-Drożdż,Marta Zawilska-Florczuk,Konrad Popławski,Piotr Buras,Kamil Frymark / Language(s): Polish

In May 2011, a few months after the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, the German government made the long-awaited decision to abandon nuclear energy by 2022 and switch the German economy to renewable energy sources. This decision, instead of creating a solid ground for a new policy that enjoys the trust of the public and representatives of the economy, has introduced huge chaos and uncertainty, not only in Germany, but also in Europe. The energy transformation, which began in the summer of 2011, is still the subject of debate, concerning not only the energy model, but also the social and economic model of Germany. The whole of Europe is watching its progress, because if the Energiewende project is successful in Germany, it will be the basis for creating similar solutions in other countries.

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GERMANY’S ENERGY TRANSFORMATION. Difficult beginnings

Author(s): Anna Kwiatkowska-Drożdż,Marta Zawilska-Florczuk,Konrad Popławski,Piotr Buras,Kamil Frymark / Language(s): English

In May 2011, a few months after the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, the German government made the long-awaited decision to abandon nuclear energy by 2022 and switch the German economy to renewable energy sources. This decision, instead of creating a solid ground for a new policy that enjoys the trust of the public and representatives of the economy, has introduced huge chaos and uncertainty, not only in Germany, but also in Europe. The energy transformation, which began in the summer of 2011, is still the subject of debate, concerning not only the energy model, but also the social and economic model of Germany. The whole of Europe is watching its progress, because if the Energiewende project is successful in Germany, it will be the basis for creating similar solutions in other countries.

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Dependence Management. The background of the German gas policy

Author(s): Rafał Bajczuk / Language(s): English

This report discusses the issues of gas consumption in Germany and foreign supplies. The author has also examined the possibilities of replacing pipeline gas, which predominates at present, with imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) and domestic production of biogas and syngas. Most of the statistical data presented in this report originates from the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy and from Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen, an association of representatives of the German energy sector tasked with analysing statistical data from the energy sector. The author has also used, among other materials, reports and information from the German government and industry organisations.

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Branża TSL wobec wyzwań zrównoważonego rozwoju – wybrane aspekty

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The monograph addresses selected social, economic and environmental aspects of the concept of sustainable development in the TFL sector. It is part of the trend of considering how to satisfy the needs of the present generation in such a way as not to limit the possibilities of satisfying those needs by future generations. The publication consists of nine chapters and a supplement. The individual chapters present solutions aimed at sustainable development initiated and put into practice by specific companies related to the TSL industry, as well as public institutions. There are also cross-sectional analyses of the entire TFL sector. The research results presented by the individual authors allow for the conclusion that due to the strategic importance of the TFL sector in the economy, there is an urgent need to involve decision-makers from this sector in initiatives aimed at sustainable development. However, the transformation of TFL sector entities towards sustainability is impossible without the appropriate multidimensional involvement of their employees in this process. Therefore, what follows from the presented considerations, apart from the implementation of internal pro-environmental regulations or technical and technological solutions, it becomes important to pay attention to the appropriate management of human capital in individual organisations from the TFL sector.

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Materiały hybrydowe w innowacjach opakowaniowych

Author(s): Patrycja Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish

Przemysł opakowań to obecnie jeden z najprężniej rozwijających się sektorów gospodarki światowej. Rosnące wymagania stawiane współczesnym opakowaniom wpływają na zmiany ich form konstrukcyjnych i stosowanie materiałów o specyficznych parametrach, np. wysokiej barierowości, odporności termicznej i mechanicznej, co stwarza przestrzeń do rozwoju innowacji opakowaniowych. W ten nurt wpisuje się prezentowana monografia. Celem głównym podjętych studiów literaturowych i badań empirycznych było scharakteryzowanie organiczno-nieorganicznych materiałów hybrydowych, a także opracowanie metod syntezy nowych hybryd na bazie żelatyny i związków krzemoorganicznych. Szczególny nacisk położono na określenie możliwości zastosowania opracowanych układów hybrydowych jako potencjalnych materiałów opakowaniowych.

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7. mezinárodní kolokvium o cestovním ruchu: Sborník příspěvků

Author(s): Andrea Holešinská / Language(s): Czech

Proceedings are the output of the 7th International colloquium on tourism that was focused on the policy as a support of tourism, economic impacts and contributions of tourism, and social-cultural impacts and contributions of tourism. Proceedings also includes further current issues in tourism, e.g. stakeholders in tourism and networking in a destination.

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Окружающая среда в зеркале масс-медиа. Практика беларусских СМИ по отражению вопросов окружающей среды и деятельности экологических организаций

Author(s): Andrey Egorov,Alena Zuykova,Andrey Shutov / Language(s): Belarusian

Issues of ecology, the state of the environment, nature protection occupy an increasing place in modern human activity. Since the 1980s, there has been a general ideological shift towards the "greening" of all spheres of life: from changes in the structure of production and consumption, the emergence of new technologies, alternative energy to the environmentalization of lifestyles and everyday behavior. The need to preserve the environment on a global scale has led to an increase in the importance of environmental issues in international politics, the adoption by national states of common environmental standards, a conceptual review of the foundations of economics ("green economy") and politics (obligatory participation of citizens in making environmentally significant decisions). At the same time, in Belarus, with widespread public understanding of the importance of environmental issues, these issues are far from the first place on the social and political agenda. According to public opinion polls, only 2.5% of Belarusians put ecology on the first place in the list of areas most in need of reform. Such a situation is determined not only (and not so much) by the objective state of affairs and the priority for society of other issues of the country's development, but by the attitudes of the main subjects forming the agenda. State policy, the activities of civil society organizations, the priority of displaying certain topics on the pages and screens of the mass media largely shape the Belarusian society's view of ecology.

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МРЕЖНО МЕРЕЊЕ ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА, МОЖНОСТИ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ, ПРИМЕРИ – КАКО ДО ПОЧИСТА ЕНЕРГИЈА?

Author(s): Sonja Risteska / Language(s): Macedonian

The sector of renewable sources in Macedonia is at the very beginning of development. Apart from the potentials it offers for obtaining electricity, which are not negligible, there are also opportunities for economic development and the increase of jobs. There are many mechanisms nowadays for exploiting the potential offered by the sun, wind, thermal waters, etc., and the focus, apart from being put to their use, is also put to the realization of their economic profitability. Even Macedonia is slowly following this trend of seeking ways to promote RES, so according to the document "Adequate National Contributions to Climate Change" that Macedonia prepared as a contribution to the new global agreement on climate change that was adopted at the international conference in Paris in December 2015, with the application of climate change mitigation measures, as many as 6,000 "green" jobs can be expected by 2030. With the various RES (photovoltaics, wind, biomass, hydro-, geothermal systems and waste gas plants), it is possible to create about 1300 new jobs in Macedonia by 2030. The installation of solar thermal collectors could create around 600 jobs by 2030. This will not only revive the "green" industries in Macedonia, but also, according to the MANU document, emissions will be reduced by between 22% and 33% in 2030. Of these 6000 jobs, the largest percentage belongs to employment related to passive houses (about 2500 jobs), followed by solar power plants (about 1000 jobs), as well as solar thermal collectors and building renovation, each sector with about 600–700 jobs. places.

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Interconnecting Moldova's gas market: the Iasi-Ungheni case

Author(s): Ana Otilia Nuțu,Denis Cenușă / Language(s): English

In 2010-2013, after Moldova joined the Energy Community, the government became more committed to diversify gas supplies by interconnecting with Romania, to fully liberalize the market and to integrate in the European energy system. This supported the completion of the Iasi-Ungheni interconnector in August 2014. It cost 26.5 million EUR, of which about 80% was covered by Romania and the EU and the remaining by Moldova. The interconnector's capacity is 1.5 bcm/year, a volume that could fully cover Moldova's consumption needs (without Transnistria). However, the actual volume exported by Romania through the interconnector in 2015 was only 1 million m3, or about 1% of the country's total consumption (without Moldova's Eastern counties).

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Unintended consequences of the Russia-Ukraine gas deal: a collateral benefit for Moldova

Author(s): Denis Cenuşă / Language(s): English

The new gas deal between Ukraine and Russia (Euroactiv, 20 December 2019 ), facilitated by the European Commission, offers some short and medium term guarantees for a stable regional gas supply, over the next one to 5 years. The deal could be eventually extended for another 10 years - until 2034. Theoretically, Gazprom is supposed to ship gas to the West, using the Ukrainian gas network, 65 billion m3 in 2020, and down to 40 billion m3 until 2024 ( Unian, 21 December 2019 ). The trilateral gas negotiations between EU, Ukraine and Russia had been going on for 19 months, since July 2018. This difficulty of the negotiations explains the diplomatic excitement of the EU with the achieved deal.

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GLOBALNI I REGIONALNI POREDAK. Energetska geopolitika na Balkanu. Geopolitika i evropske integracije Zapadnog Balkana

Author(s): Sead Turčalo / Language(s): Bosnian

The analysis of the energy sector, energy policies and strategies is possible through different approaches - economic, ecological, geopolitical, etc. At the center of this analysis will be the geopolitical approach. In this approach, states and actors that we could label as unitary or approximately unitary (unitary - like actors) have a decisive influence in the energy sector. A geopolitical approach to energy issues or energy geopolitics is inextricably linked to energy security, which within this approach is the basic goal of any energy policy, in contrast to an economic or ecological approach in which issues of sustainability, competitiveness, etc. are preferred.

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GLOBALNI I REGIONALNI POREDAK. Dekarbonizacija energetskog sektora u Evropi. Zapadni Balkan, s fokusom na Bosnu i Hercegovinu – proizvođača crne energije

Author(s): Amela Jusufović / Language(s): Bosnian

The goal of this analysis is to present the fact that the process of energy transition is not simple and that in the case of BiH it will be extremely painful considering that 70% of the energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina is obtained from fossil fuels and that an entire branch of the economy is linked to mines. brown coal and lignite. When we talk about Elektroprivreda BiH (hereinafter referred to as EPBiH), as a public company that holds primacy in the field of energy in BiH, the long-term development plan of this company foresees the consolidation of all mines in the EPBiH Concern, a total of seven of them, which will lead to positive business and a profit of almost 24 million KM by the end of 2018. What happened at the end of 2018 is that only one of the mines was operating positively, and the other six reached accumulated debt in the amount of 1.4 billion KM. If we add to the total debt, which is even higher at the moment, the certain possibility of paying the CO2 tax, which has been inevitable since BiH joined the Energy Community, we come to the fact that this kind of energy sector is unsustainable, that it is collapsing and poisoning its citizens, which are leaders in the incidence of lung diseases and cancers in Europe.

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