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The reviewer discusses Tomasz Żukowski’s approach to presenting the newest relationships between the Polish Christians and the Polish Jews. The discussion is led on the margin of Żukowski’s book “Wielki retusz. Jak zapomnieliśmy, że Polacy zabijali Żydów” („A Great Retouch. How We Have Forgotten That Poles Killed Jews”). The reviewer admires the book, and at the same time criticises its theses as unidirectional.
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The author addresses the constantly relevant problem of the relationship between language and identity, gaining a new dimension in the context of transformations related to civilisation, globalisation and glocalisation. The research concerned students’ awareness of the role they believed language to play in the shaping of identity. For this purpose, surveys were conducted among 66 students of humanities. The paper fits in the field of ethnolinguistics and sociolinguistics.
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The paper addresses the aspect of lingua-culture and its role in teaching Polish among students with migration experiences at a Polish school. Polish as the language of school education serves as a tool used in the process of learning about the world, but it is also a guarantee of efficient social integration. Moving smoothly within the lingua-cultural sphere (deciphering cultural codes hidden in the language) in the case of users of the language who come from a different linguistic and cultural background enables free communication as well as a sense of connection with the host environment. The author supports this proposition with theoretical interpretations (Edward Sapir’s and Claire Kramsch’s views) as well as with practical experience of a foreign language teacher, using the example of selected literary texts (the work of Grzegorz Kasdepke).
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The observations presented in this paper fall within the confines of a plan covering a broader scope of research on the key notions underlying the constitution and polarisation of the Polish economic discourse on popular web portals. The idealised cognitive models (ICMs) of “work”, actualised in the discourse, are subject to a linguistic reconstruction and the methodological principle consists in an analysis of semantic profiles of the key symbol and recurrent collocations as well as the standard phrases invoking the identified central notion. The divergent views on the operation of the economy presented by two distinctive groups of discourse participants: advocates and critics of capitalism provide an important interpretative framework determining the diverse profiling of the category “work” in the online debate. The controversy of the notion manifests itself also in the fact that the two contradictory cognitive models built around it are composed not only of the axioms accepted by a given group but also of the ones it ascribes to their opponents.
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Internet memes are an important element of the modern culture and their vocabulary is transmitted to other texts thus becoming an important component of communication and familiarity with it becomes necessary for the understanding of various statements and utterances. The object of the description is the meme eponyms and their derivatives. In the analysis of derivative words, the nest methodology and synchronic word formation principles were applied, and in the description of their bases, i.e. eponyms identical to the base ones, references were made to the studies by B. Dereń and M. Rutkowski. The research permitted the determination of a high word formation activity of meme eponyms the status of which varies: some of them are stabilised, which allows their recognition as dictionary units, while others are textual. A large number of the structures have been created with the use of the same formants and word formation techniques. What deserves particular attention is verbs, which are very seldom coined based on first names. Similarities to creating eponyms based on last names can be seen in derivation. Adjectives with the suffi xes –owat(y) and –ow(y) are coined fairly often. The analysed eponyms and their derivatives refer to the stereotypes of Poles functioning in online texts, which differ from the self-stereotypes functioning in the Polish culture to date.
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The observations presented in this text concern hashtags, one of the tools of communication on Twitter. The analysis covered their structure as well as pragmatic and rhetoric functions. As a result, it can be said that hashtags are not only applied on Twitter as a simple categorisation method but also created by Twitter users for the purpose of disseminating information, commenting, expressing views, promoting brands, supporting events, seeking information, and building virtual communities of people interested in specific topics. When considering their reach, in turn, it might be concluded that hashtags are more effective as acts of informing, commenting, prizing, criticising, expressing emotions, etc. on the Internet than untagged words and expressions.
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This paper is a part of the research on the language of life coaching. The text describes the infl uence of the language of business on the way of speaking of a man. In the examined text corpus containing, among others, business cards on websites and blogs of Polish life coaches, press articles, and training offers, a man is presented as capital to invest in to achieve an undefined success. A part of the study is the examination of the lexemes inwestycja (investment) and inwestować (to invest) and their collocations. The whole discussion is consistent with a broader reflection on the expansion of the language of business, the language of economics, and the language of neoliberalism over the domains of life which had not been associated with the world of entrepreneurship before.
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Hate speech is an object of interest among representatives of various disciplines. Sociology describes it as discrimination of the social groups in which one is a member regardless of their will. Hate speech is defi ned similarly from the angle of political correctness. Communication ethics treats hate speech as a variety of communication violence and an element of the exclusion strategy. Due to the legal consequences of using hate speech, linguistic criteria for recognising it are necessary. They are proposed by Jadwiga Linde-Usiekniewicz, who draws on the relevance theory. A thorough assessment of the utterance or statement categorised as hate speech requires, however, an analysis of a broader situational context.
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The object of this paper is politicians’ utterances and statements of the period 2011-2019, which were addressed in the media (the radio, television, and Twitter) to other politicians and journalists. This paper intends to describe 8 most common manners of depreciating political opponents and their actions. The research material under analysis shows that the language used by Polish politicians, no matter which party they are members of, becomes more and more impolite. At times, such verbal behaviours fulfi l the ludic function and are desired by the audience, listeners, or readers. However, the described phenomenon is disturbing since the media and the people who appear there form the everyday language behaviours of Poles.
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Over the past three decades, under the infl uence of the development of electronic techniques and changes in the awareness of media recipients arising from the freedom of speech, reportage has evolved and a new genre, i.e. a viral article, has occurred. After 1989, reporters, relishing the hint of freedom, began to depart from the habits of the passing (authoritarian) epoch and make changes to the poetics of the genre. These changes concern the following spheres: the topic taken up by reporters; the form (structure, shape); the language; the reporter’s attitudes; the media. Before 1989, journalistic texts had been addressed to the educated reader who was able to understand many overtones, understatements, and hints, and currently, authors of reportages and viral articles talk about the reality and the world surrounding them in a straightforward manner, apply the simplest stylistic solutions and devices in order to find the shortest way to the recipient’s imagination, and thus to the largest possible group of readers.
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Nouchi is a variety of dynamic French in the Ivorian sociolinguistic context. This use, born in the streets, was used by delinquents, street children, hoodlums... Today the use of nouchi has spread to other social fringes and even in certain media and political spheres. The vitality of the nouchi can be explained by its heterogeneity and its cryptic character. These different aspects can be observed through its structure, both in terms of nouns, statements and verbs. In the context of this study, we study the verb from a linguistic and descriptive perspective. This study reports on the typology and construction processes, of the verb in Nouchi.
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The topic of the article is a description of the research conducted on the corpus of titles of scientific publications in the field of linguistics, published in the series “Language and Culture”. The article analyses their structure, function and persuasive effectiveness. The latter was examined taking into account the reception, measured by quantitative indicators (number of downloads from the free web service), and quantifiable structural features (level of difficulty, readability, length of elements). The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether the language structure of scientific article titles affects their readership. Research results indicate that the success of a scientific publication is primarily determined by its content and author’s prestige, and to a small extent by the title. This distinguishes the scientific communication circulation from popular circulation.
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The author gives a concise review of the achievements of memory studies, especially Polish ones, focusing the attention on the new sub-discipline of knowledge, namely linguistic memory studies. After recalling the assumptions of his own concept of “linguified memory,” the author formulates five complex tasks which, in his opinion, are now faced by linguists dealing with memory studies. They are determined by the following: (1) the need for metamemory scientific arrangements; (2) the need for description and classification of linguistic memory exponents; (3) the need for a systemic approach to linguistic memory exponents, i.e. their analysis in clusters (constellations) allowing mapping of collective memories; (4) the need for linguistic research on collective oblivion; (5) the need to search for locations of collective memories/oblivions in order to answer the question of the possibility of transnational (Slavic, European, global) memory/oblivion.
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