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The acquisition of linguo-cultural competence in foreign language learning has its share in the overall process of acquiring the language. In the inter-language contact situation, the speaker has to overcome not only the language but also the cultural barrier. The present paper examines the acquisition of greetings by Hungarian native speakers in the process of learning Bulgarian language, as a result of acquiring linguo-cultural competence. The question of the nation-specific aspect of the communicative act carries an important role in foreign language acquisition, undoubtedly due to the fact that it reveals language-specific features. Furthermore, the “strangeness” of the foreign language seems to be best demonstrated within the frames of a typological analysis of the two – native and foreign – languages.
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The work examines the most recent English borrowings in Hungarian, and it focuses on their morphophonological integration. By analysing the re-adjustment (if any) that they undergo in order to fit in the phonotactic requirements of Hungarian, it is revealed that the language employs a specific adaptation strategy. The aim is to show that by not obeying certain phonological laws in the process of perception and adapting the newly arrived loanwords, in fact, Hungarian demonstrates a tendency to mark these lexical items as foreign.
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The article argues that lexical borrowing is not only motivated by cultural factors linked to prestige or economical aspects but also by the speakers’ need for new lexical-semantic categories and for highly expressive metaphorical terms to operate with, which makes them borrow words. The semantic changes of the lexical borrowings point to the creation of new items in the semantic fields of the receiving language. The integration of borrowings into Hungarian and Romanian exemplifies these processes.
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The article presents a study on the role of journalistic translation (press translation) in translation teaching using a questionnaire in November-December 2016 on a sample of 52 translation teachers. The aim of the survey was to find out the role of journalistic translation in translation teaching in Hungary and three neighbouring countries: Croatia, Romania and Slovakia. The importance of the survey lies in the fact that no research has been published so far on this topic in Hungary, and only minor research has been done on the topic of journalistic translation itself (primarily limited to the field of text linguistics).Despite these facts, the study has revealed the importance of journalistic translation in the teaching of translation: more than 85% of the teachers surveyed use press texts in teaching due to different motivations, and nearly 50% of respondents use them during the entire period of translation education. The inclusion of journalistic translation in the teaching of translation is also confirmed and justified by the fact that more than 80% of those surveyed consider the subject to be relevant for the students’ future work as a translator due to the wide range of application areas of journalistic translation.
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The paper aims to demonstrate that the aorist participles active, when used as adjectives in combination with the verb be, take the role of a component of the ‘predicative’ syntactic entity (in a copula construction). We describe a simple algorithm for distinguishing between the aorist participles active which have become adjectives (and when combined with the verb be, form copula constructions), and the aorist participles active which remain in the group of the non-finite verb orms (and form periphrastic verb forms with the verb be). Further consideration is given to some other issues related to the aorist participles active.
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The idea that in foreign language classes the use of L1 can be beneficial for students is gaining ground in foreign language teaching methodology. Translanguaging is a relatively newly coined term that is often used to refer both to the process of switching between two languages and the methodology that lies behind it. After presenting the main characteristics of translanguaging and the possibility of implementing it as a pedagogical method in English language classrooms, the paper presents a translanguaging activity and also shows how the students evaluated their participation in this practice. The paper concludes that in order to employ translanguaging practices in the classroom, it is necessary to adopt a new mindset to teaching that allows for multiple language use in class and also encourages language learners to embrace their entire linguistic potential.
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Translators and language teachers are cultural and intercultural mediators, facilitators of intercultural transfers and border crossings between cultures. The abilities to understand, interpret, and produce written texts appropriately play an essential role in these professions. In the process of translation, source-language texts have to be understood and translated using the most appropriate target-language equivalents. Reading skills and awareness of reading strategies are equally essential for language teachers, who are expected to guide language learners in developing these skills. In this study, we intend to examine the reading habits and reading strategies used by a group of Hungarian translator and teacher trainees when dealing with texts written in English. Their reading comprehension performance will be assessed with a test and compared with their ability to translate English texts into Hungarian. Based on the literature and our personal experience in language teaching, teacher training, and translator training, we assume that students preparing for the above mentioned professions have a well-developed reading strategy awareness and that their reading comprehension skills in English strongly influence the ability to translate texts into their native language.
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When researchers write academic journal abstracts, they need to meet the requirements of the publisher, which may very well mean that they need to be aware of “the meaning and functions of borders” within which their work is presented in this type of academic text. This paper reports on an investigation of the use of vague language (VL) and IMRaD moves (Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion) showing the degree of informativeness of academic journal abstracts published in the “Bulletin of Transilvania University” of Brașov between 2010 and 2017. The areas of research these articles focus on range from linguistics and literature to business studies, medicine, and engineering. The analysis of the data, based on Cutting’s (2012) analytical framework, revealed that abstract authors use vague language (e.g.: “universal general nouns” and “research general nouns”) and that their abstracts mostly consist of introduction, method, and discussion moves. Results of similar research into the writing of article abstracts may be informative for both novice academic text writers and expert writers guiding their work.
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The article explores the concept of ‘long’ (Chinese dragon) in Chinese linguistic culture. It analyzes the representation of mythonyms connected with ‘long’ in myths, fairytales and proverbs.
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The article systematizes fundamental linguistic views regarding the nature of reflection and its role in the speech processes, as well as its potential scope when speech behaviour is its object. The understanding of the said issues is traced along the following theoretical lines: consciousness and focus of the reflexive processes;awareness of the speech as a technology and a product; reflection as a conscious action oriented towards the speech behaviour, and as a transition from spontaneous to controlled speech.
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The article examines the ethnic interactions of immigrant Bulgarians, which are present in the literary reflection of Bulgarian authors from the diaspora - mostly Misho Hadzhiiski (Tavria), Nikolay Kurtev and Anna Maleshkova (Bessarabia). Сontent analysis of the artistic and the journalistic writing of Bulgarian migrants has enabled us to determine their significant neighbors, the distance between them, as well as some peculiarities of the relations among them. Tavrian and Bessarabian Bulgarians’ implicit or explicit appraisals of “others” are presented too, and their conscious experience of the ethnic contacts in the “empty foreign land” is justified in the article.
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With the development of economy and social culture, advertising has become an important and indispensable part of people’s daily life. The acceleration of economic globalization has made advertising more important in the promotion of brands and products. Advertising slogans as the core of advertising play a vital role. Slogans are influenced by social life, but also contain and reflect it. Therefore, studying the similarities and differences between the Chinese and the English advertising languages plays an important role in understanding the differences between cultures and in helping Chinese and English learners to better understand and integrate cultures. This article aims to compare the similarities and differences between Chinese and English advertisements. The discussion is divided into three main parts. In the first part the author briefly describes the similarities between the Chinese and the English advertising languages and the role they play in advertising. In the second part the author selects a cosmetics advertisement and analyzes the similarities and differences of the Chinese and the English advertising languages, focusing on the vocabulary, the sentences, and the rhetoric of the language. He also touches on the deep cultural factors. The third part is based on the cultural factors behind the differences between the Chinese and the English advertising languages to give suggestions to Chinese and English learners about how to integrate into the culture while learning a language.
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The paper discusses various ways of teaching essay structure. The emphasis is on the development of a system of practical exercises aimed at developing students’ abilities in writing a good introduction, body and conclusion of an essay. Key elements in teaching essay structure refer to the writing of thesis state¬ment, topic sentences and inductive and deductive paragraphs.
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The growing popularity of streaming services has led to innumerable audiovisual material available for the audience. As movies, documentaries, or TV shows are part of the entertainment industry, they aim at reaching viewers worldwide with the help of dubbed and subtitled versions. Our aim is to collect the acronyms used in the transcripts/subtitles of several American political TV shows (24, Designated Survivor, House of Cards, and The West Wing) and analyse their translated versions into Hungarian. However, the strenuous activity of opening each subtitle file one by one and browsing through them to spot and collect the acronyms and initialisms would result in countless mouse clicks. Hence, a specific software (SRT Manager) was designed to speed up the process. As the majority of definitions regarding acronyms and initialisms focus on the fact that they result from the combination of at least two capital letters, once the software gets the input (multiple subtitle files of entire seasons), it provides all the consecutive two- or more capital letter instances (with or without periods) found in the raw data, such as AA or A.A. Further statistical data (the source file of each instance, counting all unique values and numbering occurrences, and adding sample lines from the subtitle) also saves a lot of time and energy, as it can easily be exported to spreadsheet programs for further data analysis.
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The recent civilization and culture-related transformtions in rural areas have created a need for interdisciplinary research that will capture the essence of these changes and will characterize them. To date, research has focused on the spoken language as the primary form of communication of villagers; they make use of written texts mainly to communicate with public administration institutions. Therefore, these texts pose a unique opportunity to gain insight into the linguistic competence of villagers related to communication, text-forming, and style, as well as their persuasion strategies. These documents also show the extent to which a local dialect is reflected in written texts. The value of these records has been confirmed by a study of documents submitted to social assistance centres in Lesser Poland. An analysis of the language material from other areas would allow to draw more general conclusions concerning the official language of villagers.
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The article discusses the phenomenon of styling in the genre of instructions, in its sub-form of instructions for a board game. It is recognised that the text of the instructions leads to linguistic creation, introducing the player to the game’s specific world. This involves further creation of meanings in the game process and inclusion of users in a culture-based interactive character system. Stylisation occurs in about 20% of contemporary Polish texts studied. The choice of a less typical strategy for explaining the game’s story introduces an element of surprise to the product, provides additional aesthetic impressions, and sometimes even organises the entire game world. Quantitatively, fragments subjected to language stylisation do not prevail. Such stylisation, however, appears in the text frame and concerns not only the lexical layer, but also the language variation, genre, and even discourse.
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Once a demand of the student movement of the 1960s, the call for more practical relevance in higher education is being expressed again in student surveys. This has gained importance across Europe, not least as a consequence of the implementation of the Bologna Reform. Alongside employability and competence orientation, practical orientation has become one of the central issues in the debate about the curricular focus of university programmes. This paper seeks to briefly outline the concepts behind the keywords employability, competence orientation and practice orientation and discuss how they relate to the traditional (self-)understanding of universities. On the basis of examples it will then consider what concrete contributions Applied Linguistics as an academic discipline (along with its sub-disciplines) can make to the practical orientation of degrees in languages.
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Review of: Nenad Tomović. Applied Linguistics and English Language Teaching. Belgrade: FOCUS – Forum za interkulturnu komunikaciju [Forum for Intercultural Communication], 2019, 123 pp. ISBN: 978-86-88761-11-6. Professor Nenad Tomović (the Department of English Language and Literature at the Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade) undertakes an inspiring and provocative reassessment of English Language Teaching (ELT) in the context and domain of Applied Linguistics (AL). The book opens with the author’s reflections on AL (p. 5–6), which sets the scene. In addition to this, the author reflects on his experience facing the challenging task of establishing a novel interface between EFL and AL.
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