XXIII. mezin&#225;rodn&#237; kolokvium o region&#225;ln&#237;ch věd&#225;ch: Sborn&#237;k př&#237;spěvků

ANALYSIS OF WAGE INEQUALITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

ANALYSIS OF WAGE INEQUALITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
(ANALYSIS OF WAGE INEQUALITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL)

Author(s):Marta URBANÍKOVÁ, MICHAELA ŠTUBŇOVÁ
Language:English
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Labor relations, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:10-16
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:average wage; minimum wage; education; regions of the Slovak Republic;
Summary/Abstract:At present, at a time of incoming recession in the global and domestic economy, wages are an important tool in the labor market. The paper aims to analyze the development of average and minimum wages from the perspective of the Slovak Republic and its regions. At the same time, using correlation analysis, we analyze the relationship between wages and the educational structure of the region's population and registered unemployment in the region. The analyzes showed that average wages are constantly growing. The highest wage is in the Bratislava region, while in the Prešov region it was up to 38% lower. While in the Bratislava region the ratio of the minimum wage to the regional average wage was at the level of 38%, in the Prešov region it reached almost 62%. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, it can be stated that the impact of the monitored attributes on the average monthly wage varies from region to region. We observe the most significant differences for the Bratislava region in comparison with the remaining Slovak regions.

PŘINÁŠÍ REGIONU VĚTŠÍ KAPITÁLOVÁ VYBAVENOST PRÁCE VYŠŠÍ MZDU? PŘÍPAD ČESKÝCH REGIONŮ

PŘINÁŠÍ REGIONU VĚTŠÍ KAPITÁLOVÁ VYBAVENOST PRÁCE VYŠŠÍ MZDU? PŘÍPAD ČESKÝCH REGIONŮ
(DOES THE GREATER CAPITAL EQUIPMENT OF LABOR BRING HIGHER WAGES TO THE REGION? THE CASE OF CZECH REGIONS)

Author(s):Ivana Kraftová, Jiří Kraft
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Labor relations, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:17-24
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:capital equipment of labor; wages; productivity; foreign direct investment; regions of the Czech Republic;
Summary/Abstract:The article pays attention to the relation between capital equipment of labor and wage levels on the example of the Czech regions. Its main aim is to assess the relationship of the capital equipment of labor (expressed in terms of foreign direct investment and hours worked) to the wage level using correlation analysis, as well as the relationship of the capital equipment of labor and productivity in the regions of the Czech Republic. In addition, the validity of the relation “labor productivity is higher than the wage level” is verified using a comparison of standardized values of the indicators. The results show a high spatial dispersion of foreign direct investment in the Czech Republic, caused mainly by the Prague region. The positive correlation between the capital equipment of labor and wage levels, but also productivity, is statistically significant in the Czech regions. The problem of most Czech regions is the situation when the wage level exceeds the productivity level. Thus, the capital equipment of labor should firstly have a positive effect on the unit performance of labor, which would be rightly followed by increasing wages

REGIONÁLNÍ KONVERGENCE V PŘÍJMECH V RÁMCI ODVĚTVÍ ČESKÉ EKONOMIKY

REGIONÁLNÍ KONVERGENCE V PŘÍJMECH V RÁMCI ODVĚTVÍ ČESKÉ EKONOMIKY
(REGIONAL INCOME CONVERGENCE WITHIN THE SECTORS OF CZECH ECONOMY)

Author(s):Pavel Zdražil
Language:Czech
Subject(s):National Economy, Regional Geography, Labor relations, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:25-32
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:regional disparity; income; sectoral structure; the Czech Republic;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of this contribution is to assess the development of regional disparities in income within the sectors of Czech economy. Based on the average compensations of employees per hours worked, the sectoral structure is assessed at the level of 6 individual industries and 5 aggregated industrial groups. The research is carried out at the level of self-governing regions in 1995-2018. The sigma convergence approach is proceed to analyse the disparity processes. The analysis showed that individual sectors have very different positions in the economy in terms of both the share and dynamics of changes. Moreover, in the pre-crisis period (before 2008) the level and dynamics of variability were higher in most sectors. The results suggest that regional disparities in income are converging in most sectors; however, disparities are stable at the level of the whole economy. This development is a result of absence of convergence or divergence processes in sectors with large and growing shares on the structure of economy. On the other hand, the share of the converging sectors is stable or rather declining, while the convergence tendencies proceed with a very low intensity. Higher intensity of convergence process is achieved only by very minor sectors of economy.

ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC BY EXAMINING SELECTED INDICATORS

ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC BY EXAMINING SELECTED INDICATORS
(ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC BY EXAMINING SELECTED INDICATORS)

Author(s):Milan Maroš, Jarmila Hudáková, Michal Levický
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Regional Geography, Economic history, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:33-39
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:regional disparities; regional GDP per capita; NUTS III; coefficient of variation; average growth rate; Slovak republic;
Summary/Abstract:Regional disparities are typical for many countries of the world, as well as for the Slovak Republic. Increasing regional disparities is not in the interest of any country, and is, therefore, a constantly monitored issue. The aim of this article is to analyze the development of regional differences in the Slovak Republic through selected indicators. We performed the analysis at the level of the NUTS III category in the years 1995 to 2018. As selected indicators, we have chosen the development of regional GDP per capita in euros and in purchasing power parity. Several methods can be used to examine the evolution of regional differences. We mainly used the characteristics of variability and also the average growth rate, with which we tried to identify changes in regional differences over time. We found that in the observed period, the differences between the regions of Slovakia increased overall, but the increase in differences prevailed mainly in the pre-crisis years. In recent years, we have seen a slight convergence between the regions. The government in each country always tries to put in place different measures to address this issue, but it does not always succeed. Given the current world situation associated with COVID- 19, it is very difficult to predict developments in the coming years.

HOW HAS TIME PROGRESSED WITH THE EU REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX? CONTINUED NUMBER 2. WHAT CHANGE DID THE LAST EDITION OF RCI 2019 BRING?

HOW HAS TIME PROGRESSED WITH THE EU REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX? CONTINUED NUMBER 2. WHAT CHANGE DID THE LAST EDITION OF RCI 2019 BRING?
(HOW HAS TIME PROGRESSED WITH THE EU REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX? CONTINUED NUMBER 2. WHAT CHANGE DID THE LAST EDITION OF RCI 2019 BRING?)

Author(s):Lukáš Melecký
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Regional Geography, Evaluation research, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:40-48
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:convergence; divergence; edition; EU; NUTS 2 region; regional competitiveness index;
Summary/Abstract:Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) has been measuring the significant factors of competitiveness over the past ten years for all the NUTS 2 level regions across the European Union (EU). RCI measures with more than 70 comparable indicators the ability of a region to offer an attractive and sustainable environment for firms and residents to live and work. RCI results are standardly illustrated with interactive maps and a range of interactive web tools, which is attractive as well as for the public. The scorecards make it easy to compare any region with the EU and regions with a similar level of GDP per head. Users can easily see where their region stands on aspects such as governance, infrastructure, including the digital networks, health, human capital and labour market and innovation. RCI results confirm a polycentric pattern with a strong performance of most capitals and regions with large cities, that benefit from agglomeration effects, better connectivity and high levels of human capital. Other regions in the same country in some cases, score much worse. The north-west and south-east divide across the EU is still clear and visible. The paper aims at comprehensive analysis of RCI approach is performed by the systematic review across the editions. Results show that comparing RCI over time is complicated because all editions incorporate slight modifications. The authors of RCI try to keep changes to a minimum so as not to affect its overall structure and to maintain a high degree of comparability across the editions. However, despite all its shortcomings, RCI proved to be a robust way to summarise many different indicators into one index.

IT IS NOT A REGION AS A REGION AND DIVERSITY AMONG THEM. COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVENESS OF NEW AND TRADITIONAL HEGEMONS

IT IS NOT A REGION AS A REGION AND DIVERSITY AMONG THEM. COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVENESS OF NEW AND TRADITIONAL HEGEMONS
(IT IS NOT A REGION AS A REGION AND DIVERSITY AMONG THEM. COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVENESS OF NEW AND TRADITIONAL HEGEMONS)

Author(s):Michaela Staníčková, Lenka Fojtíková
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Globalization
Page Range:49-57
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:competitiveness; data envelopment analysis; global economic powers; globalisation; Malmquist productivity index; productivity; region; World Economic Forum;
Summary/Abstract:In the past decades, the developing economies in Asia registered a higher growth rate than other world regions. Considering the increasing importance of economic growth in the competitive world, all countries possess development threats as well as opportunities. Use these options enough and hence increase competitiveness must be efficient enough. Therefore, the external environment is indispensable to Asia’s development and prosperity, where the openness and competition among different Asian economies would promote economic development efficiency. The aim of the paper is to employ the Data Envelopment Analysis method for comparing the productivity level and efficiency changes of countries from the Asian region in comparison with the traditional Western economic hegemons. We apply this approach to a real data set involving 56 states within the factors of competitiveness based on the World Economic Forum approach in reference period 2007-2018, i.e. pre-in-post crisis years. From an economic development perspective, the Asian region remains to be the core of global economic growth. Globalisation is indispensable to the development and prosperity in all multi-factorial aspects of competitiveness.

VÝVOJ ČESKÉ REGIONÁLNÍ POLITIKY V PRVNÍ POLOVINĚ DEVADESÁTÝCH LET DVACÁTÉHO STOLETÍ

VÝVOJ ČESKÉ REGIONÁLNÍ POLITIKY V PRVNÍ POLOVINĚ DEVADESÁTÝCH LET DVACÁTÉHO STOLETÍ
(DEVELOPMENT OF CZECH REGIONAL POLICY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1990S)

Author(s):René Wokoun
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Economic development, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010)
Page Range:58-64
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:regional policy; regional development; Czech Republic;
Summary/Abstract:The article deals with the development of regional policy and support for regional development in the Czech Republic in the first half of the 1990s and the development of views on this support. He focused on both the relevant legislation and the substantive aspects of regional development support. The aim of the article is to map in the historical context the issues of support for regions in the Czech Republic, as it was included in the legislation and practically implemented in the context of the political climate of the time. The first half of the 1990s is mapped, in which there was an interesting and rapid development in the sphere of regional policy and its gradually more important position in state policies.

VZNIK KRAJSKÉ SAMOSPRÁVY A REGIONÁLNÍ POLITIKY V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

VZNIK KRAJSKÉ SAMOSPRÁVY A REGIONÁLNÍ POLITIKY V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(FORMATION OF REGIONAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL POLICY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Josef Smolík
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Government/Political systems
Page Range:65-73
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:regional governments; decentralisation; regional policy; higher-level territorial self-governing units;
Summary/Abstract:The presented article focuses on the characteristics, origin and development of the establishment of regions in the Czech Republic. The basis discussions concerning decentralization, self-government and regional self-government establishment in the Czech Republic and the basis characteristics of territorial self-government units will be described. The article also introduces selected political concepts from the course of the 1990s, which focused on the formation of higher territorial units. Legislative documents and issues that are in the competence of individual regional self-governments will also be discussed. An important agenda of individual regional councils is also regional policy, which will be presented and described in more detail. The aim of the article is to present the process of the establishment of regions in the Czech Republic and the competences of regions in the field of regional policy. It is a case study, which was carried out on the basis of relevant literature and data from the Czech Statistical Office. The main finding of the article is the analysis of individual processes that led to the emergence of regions in the Czech Republic on the basis of the ideas of individual political parties on the issue of regional establishment and on the establishment of regional policy.

REGIONÁLNE ROZVOJOVÉ AGENTÚRY NA SLOVENSKU: MINULOSŤ A SÚČASNOSŤ

REGIONÁLNE ROZVOJOVÉ AGENTÚRY NA SLOVENSKU: MINULOSŤ A SÚČASNOSŤ
(REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES IN SLOVAKIA: PAST AND PRESENT)

Author(s):Nikolas SZABÓ, Lucia POSPIŠOVÁ
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Economic development
Page Range:74-81
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:regional development agencies; local economic development; institutional arrangements;
Summary/Abstract:Regional development agencies are a type of multi-sector partnership that has become popular in the second half of the twentieth century. Slovakia was inspired by this type of partnership in the 1990´s when the legal regulation of these agencies was established in Slovak legislation. The paper focuses analytically on regional development agencies from the legal aspect, the aspect of their number and geographical distribution and the financial support allocated to their activities. The methodology of the paper is supplemented by the analysis of time series using GIS tools. The achieved results point to reduced support for regional development agencies and more difficult conditions for functioning in Slovakia.

ÚZEMNÍ DIFERENCIACE STÁTNÍCH PROGRAMŮ PODPORY REGIONÁLNÍHO ROZVOJE COBY NÁSTROJE REGIONÁLNÍ POLITIKY ČR V LETECH 2013-2018

ÚZEMNÍ DIFERENCIACE STÁTNÍCH PROGRAMŮ PODPORY REGIONÁLNÍHO ROZVOJE COBY NÁSTROJE REGIONÁLNÍ POLITIKY ČR V LETECH 2013-2018
(SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF STATE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AS A REGIONAL POLICY TOOL OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN 2013-2018)

Author(s):Michal Ševčík, Ondřej Konečný
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Environmental Geography, Environmental and Energy policy, Government/Political systems, Economic development, Present Times (2010 - today)
Page Range:82-90
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:state program; regional policy; regional development support; spatial differentiation;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the presented paper is to reveal the territorial differentiation of the use of state regional development support programs financed by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Czech Republic in 2013-2018. Territorial differentiation is examined through three indicators: the share of financial allocation of programs, the share of the number of implemented projects and the financial allocation of programs per capita for individual regions of the Czech Republic. The results of the analysis show that the total amount of financial support for regions varies in the relevant years depending on the nature of regional problems and the time-limited existence of some programs. It was also found that South Bohemian Region which received the largest part of the total allocation in the period, even in terms of per capita, had the largest absorption capacity of the programs. The justification lies in the relatively high support for the remediation of flood damage after 2013. In contrast, the Karlovy Vary region, which is characterized by the localization of a number of "state-supported regions", received a relatively small amount of support compared to other regions (related to size of the area).

POLITIKA PODPORY NAJMENEJ ROZVINUTÝCH OKRESOV – HODNOTENIE PROCESOV A IDENTIFIKÁCIA ZLYHANÍ

POLITIKA PODPORY NAJMENEJ ROZVINUTÝCH OKRESOV – HODNOTENIE PROCESOV A IDENTIFIKÁCIA ZLYHANÍ
(LEAST DEVELOPED DISTRICTS SUPPORT POLICY – EVALUATION OF PROCESSES AND IDENTIFICATION OF FAILURES)

Author(s):Katarína Melichová, Michal Hrivnák, Nikolas SZABÓ, Lucia POSPIŠOVÁ
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Governance, Public Administration, Evaluation research
Page Range:91-97
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:least developed districts; policy; institutional failures; case study;
Summary/Abstract:The paper is focused on the evaluation of selected aspects of the support policy for the least developed districts in the specific environment of the Svidník district from the perspective of relevant groups of local actors in order to identify failures and barriers in various phases of formulation and implementation of the Action Plan. The methodology of the case study of the selected district is based on a questionnaire survey and conducting of interviews with actors involved in relevant processes at the district level. The results of the case study indicate the existence of typical institutional failures: the presence of information asymmetry between actors at local level as well as between different levels of governance, time consuming administrative burdens, which were partly caused and exacerbated by frequent changes in conditions regarding the support eligibility and in institutional arrangements for policy implementation.

ČERPANIE FINANČNÝCH PROSTRIEDKOV PRE OBLASŤ ŽIVOTNÉ PROSTREDIE V NITRIANSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI V ROKOCH 2014-2018

ČERPANIE FINANČNÝCH PROSTRIEDKOV PRE OBLASŤ ŽIVOTNÉ PROSTREDIE V NITRIANSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI V ROKOCH 2014-2018
(DRAWING OF FUNDS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT PRIORITY AREA IN THE NITRA SELF-GOVERNING REGION IN THE YEARS 2014-2018)

Author(s):Daša Oremusová, Hilda Kramáreková, Magdaléna Nemčíková, Matej Vojtek
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Governance, Social development, Economic development, Present Times (2010 - today), Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:98-106
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:environment priority area; EU funds; Nitra self-governing region; program of economic and social development;
Summary/Abstract:Since Slovakia's accession to the EU, European funds have become an important source of financing for regional development, which are provided on the basis of elaborated regional development programs at various hierarchical levels. The Environment area has become an inevitable priority area of each such document responding to the current state and quality of environmental components in accordance with sustainable development. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the allocation of funds for the Environment priority area in the Nitra Self-governing Region during 2014 – 2018. The funds were identified for individual measures according to the districts of the region while the focus of projects and sources of their financing were also evaluated. Several methods were used, such as system analysis (grouping and evaluation of information), comparative analysis in creating own databases, mathematical-statistical methods, etc. During the individual years, an average of more than 50 million euros were addressed to the Nitra Self-governing Region. The largest districts of the region (Nitra, Levice and Komárno) received the most funds (59.7 %). In 2018, more than half (52.9 %) of funds came from the European Structural and Investment Funds from the Operational Program Research and Innovation and 37.8 % from the Operational Program Quality of Environment.

HODNOTENIE INTEGROVANÉHO REGIONÁLNEHO OPERAČNÉHO PROGRAMU V PODMIENKACH REGIÓNOV SLOVENSKA

HODNOTENIE INTEGROVANÉHO REGIONÁLNEHO OPERAČNÉHO PROGRAMU V PODMIENKACH REGIÓNOV SLOVENSKA
(EVALUATION OF THE INTEGRATED REGIONAL OPERATIONAL PROGRAM IN CONDITIONS OF SLOVAK REGIONS)

Author(s):RADOMÍRA HORNYÁK GREGÁŇOVÁ
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Public Administration, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
Page Range:107-112
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:operational program; integrated regional operational program; regions in Slovakia; projects; evaluation;
Summary/Abstract:The Integrated Regional Operational Program provides financial assistance from European Union funds to contribute to improving the quality of life and ensuring the sustainable provision of public services with an impact on balanced and sustainable territorial development, economic, territorial and social cohesion of regions, cities and municipalities. The target group includes state and local government authorities, social partners, civil society organizations and NGOs. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the implementation Integrated Regional Operational Program in particular regions of the Slovak Republic. In the analysis, we focused on evaluating the success of individual regions in obtaining projects, the current status of projects in implementation and completed projects, which is also related to the amount of approved non-repayable financial contribution. The analysis showed that over 60% of the total number of submitted projects had been successfully implemented in each region.

ZMĚNA INVESTIČNÍCH NÁKLADŮ REGIONÁLNÍCH ROZVOJOVÝCH PROJEKTŮ

ZMĚNA INVESTIČNÍCH NÁKLADŮ REGIONÁLNÍCH ROZVOJOVÝCH PROJEKTŮ
(COST OVERRUNS IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS)

Author(s):PETR HALÁMEK
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Economic history, Economic policy, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:113-118
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:cost overruns; evaluation of the regional development projects; realization period
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the paper is to verify whether there is an increase in the amount of investment costs in regional development projects between the time of decision and completion of implementation. This assumption was not confirmed in the evaluated set of 911 projects implemented with the support from the Regional Operational Programme South-East in 2008-2015 in the South Moravian Region and the Vysočina Region. The average difference in investment costs is -3.7%, it means decrease of the investment costs. In terms of the identification of causes, only a slight dependence on the length of implementation was documented. Dependence on investment volume for projects up to CZK 100.0 million was not confirmed. The largest increase in investment costs was documented for projects implemented by the private sector (average increase in investment costs by 17%). A likely cause is the effort of the private sector to maximize the use of subsidies.

MĚNÍ SE POZICE EVROPSKÝCH VÝZKUMNÝCH LÍDRŮ?

MĚNÍ SE POZICE EVROPSKÝCH VÝZKUMNÝCH LÍDRŮ?
(ARE THE POSITIONS OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH LEADERS CHANGING?)

Author(s):Viktorie Klímová, Vladimír Žítek
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Methodology and research technology, Economic development, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today)
Page Range:119-125
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:research and development; research leader; expenditures on research and development;
Summary/Abstract:The article is based on the assumption that research and development is a crucial source for creating innovations and increasing competitiveness. There are significant disparities in research and development across the regions of the European Union. Some regions have long been considered European research leaders, and other regions perceive them as an inspiration for themselves. However, the position of leaders may not be permanent. The aim of the paper is to assess how stable is the position of European regions, which have long been considered European leaders in R&D. For this purpose, gross and business expenditures on research and development were analysed, and their changes between the periods 2007-2009 and 2015-2017 were assessed. The analysis has shown that the Nordic countries, such as Finland and Sweden, are losing their good position. Increasing research activity has been observed only in the West Sweden region. On the other hand, growing trends have been detected mainly in some regions of Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.

DYNAMIKA REGIONÁLNÍCH INOVAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ VE STŘEDNÍ A VÝCHODNÍ EVROPĚ

DYNAMIKA REGIONÁLNÍCH INOVAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ VE STŘEDNÍ A VÝCHODNÍ EVROPĚ
(REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS DYNAMICS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE)

Author(s):Soĉa Raszková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Regional Geography
Page Range:126-133
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:regional innovation system; innovation performance;
Summary/Abstract:This article examines regional innovation systems in Central and Eastern Europe, with particular attention to the regions with the highest innovation success. The articles also include a discussion of the presence of elements and dynamic of regional innovation systems in these countries. The Innovation performance of regions in Central and Eastern Europe is analyzed and selected progressive regions are further examined in terms of partial innovation and socio-economic indicators. Data on regions were obtained from the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 201 at the NUTS II level. Detailed analysis is possible through a case study of the Malopolskie region. The analysis focuses primarily on the causes of the region's innovative progress, including the setting of favorable conditions for SMEs and the associated high cluster activity, the commercialization of research and the dissemination of external knowledge. On the basis of the overall analysis, RIS in Central and Eastern Europe are far below RIS in Western and Northern Europe and their results are very low compared to these regions.

NOVÁ ETAPA VO VÝVOJI INŠTITUCIONALIZÁCIE INOVAČNÝCH PROCESOV: GRASSROOTS INOVÁCIE

NOVÁ ETAPA VO VÝVOJI INŠTITUCIONALIZÁCIE INOVAČNÝCH PROCESOV: GRASSROOTS INOVÁCIE
(A NEW STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE PROCESSES: THE GRASSROOTS)

Author(s):Michal Hrivnák, Katarína Melichová, Oľga Roháčiková
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:134-141
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:grassroots innovation; institutional environment; social economy; third sector;
Summary/Abstract:A simple sectoral division of socio-economic actors into four basic sectors is no longer enough today. With the liberalization of social processes and the growth of the dynamics of innovative and creative communities, new, often inter-sectoral, in terms of institutional form hybrid, community (bottom-up) projects and organizations based around concrete innovative projects, can be observed in the conditions of both developed and developing countries. This projects can through new solutions and the pressure to shift the social change, facilitate the mitigation of specific local sectoral and cross-sectoral problems, or partially contribute to solving global challenges by activating the interest of local society. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the existing approaches to the definition of the institutional unit "grassroot" innovation and to define the basic conceptual framework for their further research. The results of the synthesis of foreign knowledge suggest that the considerable heterogeneity of grassrots innovations requires the study of this phenomenon at the multi-disciplinary level, while it is necessary to clearly define them and systematically monitor them at the level of state authorities

PŘÍSTUP INTELIGENTNÍ SPECIALIZACE JAKO NÁSTROJ ŘEŠENÍ SPOLEČENSKÝCH VÝZEV

PŘÍSTUP INTELIGENTNÍ SPECIALIZACE JAKO NÁSTROJ ŘEŠENÍ SPOLEČENSKÝCH VÝZEV
(SMART SPECIALIZATION APPROACH AS A TOOL FOR ADRESSING SOCIETAL CHALLENGES)

Author(s):Tereza LELKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Economic development, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:142-149
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:innovation policy; societal challenges; smart specialization;
Summary/Abstract:Challenge-orientation of innovation policy is linked to the question of how to implement this policy at regional level, which is becoming increasingly important in addressing these challenges. The aim of the paper is to present the application of smart specialization approach as a tool for coping with societal challenges enabling the transformation of regions towards sustainability. The paper uses qualitative research methods, such as a literature review and case study. The application of this approach is presented on example of the Swedish Vinnväxt programme which aims to support sustainable regional growth by creating internationally competitive innovation environments in areas related to strengths of functional regions. From 2017, the driving force behind this programme is the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. Its main aspects include strengthened or new constellations of actors, formulation of societal objectives relevant to regional actors, long-term horizon and internalization. In future, the presented programme could be an inspiration for the creation and development of similar programs also in the Central European countries.

INOVAČNÉ AKTIVITY A ICH VÝZNAM V MIESTNEJ SAMOSPRÁVE

INOVAČNÉ AKTIVITY A ICH VÝZNAM V MIESTNEJ SAMOSPRÁVE
(INNOVATION ACTIVITIES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT)

Author(s):Michal Cifranič, Maroš VALACH
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Public Administration, Management and complex organizations
Page Range:150-157
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:innovations; innovation activities; innovation process; implementation of innovations; local self-government;
Summary/Abstract:Innovations are also an integral part of local self government. If the self-government wants to keep up with growing claims of the citizens, or with very quick modernization of competition, it has to outlay the necessary effort to modernize itself and its offered services. The aim of the paper is to identify and analyse the innovative activities of the city of Košice and its quarter Košice - Staré Mesto with a focus on evaluating the innovation environment, identifying implemented innovations, evaluating the financing of innovations as well as the institutional context of their creation. Both primary and secondary data were used to identify and evaluate innovation activities. In order to obtain empirical data was used the interviewing method supported by the structured interview. The municipality perceives the need for innovations in order to increase the efficiency of ongoing processes within its organizational structures, which will enable citizens to provide better services. It also considers it necessary to increase the share of funding to support introducing innovations. So far, most resources have been focused on process and organizational innovations, many of which have been created by the Office's employees, which can be considered as original.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE STATUTORY CITY OF KARVINA

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE STATUTORY CITY OF KARVINA
(ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE STATUTORY CITY OF KARVINA)

Author(s):PETRA CHMIELOVÁ
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Regional Geography
Page Range:158-165
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:business environment; entrepreneurship; Karvina; region; small and medium-sized enterprises;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to evaluate the business activity of small and medium enterprises in the Statutory City of Karviná in the Czech Republic. With regard to the objective of the work, a questionnaire survey focused on small and medium-sized enterprises in Karvina was carried out. Secondary data are obtained from the Czech Statistical Office. Within Karvina, the number of registered entities is approximately half the number of registered entities every year, except for cooperatives. Enterprises of natural persons doing business under the Trade Licensing Act have a considerable advantage over legal entities. The main motivating factors for entrepreneurship are the influence of “self-fulfillment” when entrepreneurs engage in entrepreneurial activity to achieve their inner satisfaction. The second main motive is the possibility to organize your time and take responsibility for yourself. From the perspective of barriers to starting a business, the most important factor is the bureaucracy and redundant administration.

MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISTRICT TOWNS

MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISTRICT TOWNS
(MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISTRICT TOWNS)

Author(s):Roman Vavrek
Language:English
Subject(s):Methodology and research technology, Present Times (2010 - today), Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
Page Range:166-172
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:TOPSIS technique; coefficient of variance; objective weighting methods; correlation analysis; cluster analysis;
Summary/Abstract:A technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution is a multi-criteria decision analysis method used for complex assessment of a set of alternatives. It is often combined with the CV (Coefficient of Variance) method to determine the weight of these criteria to objectify achieved results. Using these methods, we have assessed a group of district towns in the Slovak Republic based on 2016 data by using six budgetary criteria, including maximizing and minimizing ones. The main contribution of this article is the complex assessment of a selected set of territorial administration entities, differences in their results and the importance of selecting the right method to determine weights, which has a significant impact on the overall results. It can be said that there were almost no differences in results among the majority of district towns, there were no significant correlations between the results and the criteria, and there were some common characteristics in the three created clusters. The analysis has confirmed that it is necessary to pay special attention to the selection of criteria and of the method used to determine their weight, as these factors have a significant impact on the overall results of analysis.

PROBLÉMY, VÝVOJOVÉ TRENDY A INVESTIČNÍ POTŘEBY MALÝCH MĚST V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

PROBLÉMY, VÝVOJOVÉ TRENDY A INVESTIČNÍ POTŘEBY MALÝCH MĚST V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(PROBLEMS, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND INVESTMENT NEEDS OF SMALL TOWNS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Jiří Ježek, Renáta Ježková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Economic policy, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:173-181
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:small towns; development problems; future; trends and challenges; investment needs; Czech Republic;
Summary/Abstract:In the last more than ten years, interest in the phenomenon of small towns has increased. The aim of the article is to identify development problems, future trends and investment needs of small towns in the Czech Republic depending on their location in relation to large cities and metropolitan regions. The results are based on a questionnaire survey of 184 small towns. The most important problems that small towns solve today include transport infrastructure, parking options, housing. In addition, small towns in a peripheral location also solve job opportunities. The biggest problem of public services is the provision of medical and hospital care. According to the representatives of municipalities, the future of small towns will be determined primarily by the aging of the population, the departure of young, educated and entrepreneurial people and the decline in population. The main investment needs include the revitalization of urban centres, housing, transport and mobility. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that small towns in the Czech Republic are a very heterogeneous group of settlements. The assumption that small towns in peripheral regions have significantly different needs than towns in a central location has not been confirmed. They differ rather in the degree of problem, respectively urgency of their solution. Their political support needs to be approached individually and such support programs need to be created that will enable the implementation of integrated strategies.

NOVÝ NÁSTROJ PRE MIESTNY ROZVOJ V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE

NOVÝ NÁSTROJ PRE MIESTNY ROZVOJ V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE
(A NEW TOOL FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Elena Žárska
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Public Administration, Economic development
Page Range:182-189
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:local development; tool; municipality;
Summary/Abstract:In order to address the coherence between intensive construction by development companies and the need for capacity building of the corresponding infrastructure, which is by law provided by the municipality, a new act of legislation was adopted in the Slovak Republic with effect from 1 January 2016. The Local Development Fee Act is meant to be a tool that would enable funding and support building of civic infrastructure and amenities. The aim of the paper is to analyze how the fee was implemented in municipalities. Due to its facultative character – the municipality may or may not adopt it by a generally binding regulation (local ordinance) - it can be assumed that it has been implemented first in larger towns and cities and/or municipalities within the metropolitan areas of these cities. This is where the most intensive residential housing construction takes place. Small municipalities and peripheral municipalities would arguably not apply it, as it could eliminate the interest in housing construction in their territory. Their aim is to retain or attract new residents and investors. To verify this, two hypotheses are set: 1. The local development fee has been implemented by large towns and municipalities in their metropolitan areas. 2. Boroughs of Bratislava applied the maximum amount stipulated by law when levying the fee. The results of the research brought confirmation of the hypotheses as well as some interesting facts.

ROZVOJ JIHOČESKÉHO KRAJE V KONTEXTU VEŘEJNÝCH FINANCÍ A SPOLUPRÁCE OBCÍ

ROZVOJ JIHOČESKÉHO KRAJE V KONTEXTU VEŘEJNÝCH FINANCÍ A SPOLUPRÁCE OBCÍ
(DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH BOHEMIA IN CONTEXT OF PUBLIC FINANCES AND COOPERATION OF MUNICIPALITIES)

Author(s):Jiří Dušek
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Public Administration, Public Finances
Page Range:190-198
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:cooperation of municipalities; income of municipalities; public finance; regional development; South Bohemian Region;
Summary/Abstract:In the past few years, several research projects focused on the barriers of inter-municipal cooperation were carried out in the Czech Republic and abroad. As the research results reflect the respective local and regional specifics, the results and conclusions are diametrically different, depending on particular conditions in the respective country. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the uneven socio-economic development of the municipalities in the South Bohemian Region, as an example of the development of cooperation between the municipalities of the South Bohemian Region in relation to the economic background of municipalities. The hypothesis is that the economically stronger municipalities have better conditions for establishment and development of cooperation of municipalities. The theoretical part consists of research findings related to the problems of regional development and cooperation of municipalities. Furthermore, various methods are introduced, which are applied in the context of municipal analysis. The research of municipality cooperation was carried out by the author in 2007-2018. The results of the research confirmed the assumption of uneven development of the territory because economically weaker municipalities have really worse conditions for the establishment and development of cooperation between municipalities.

FORMÁLNÍ HLEDISKA FUNGOVÁNÍ DOBROVOLNÝCH SVAZKŮ OBCÍ

FORMÁLNÍ HLEDISKA FUNGOVÁNÍ DOBROVOLNÝCH SVAZKŮ OBCÍ
(FORMAL ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS OF MUNICIPALITIES)

Author(s):Marek Jetmar
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Public Administration
Page Range:199-206
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:municipalities; public administration; inter municipal cooperation;
Summary/Abstract:The article presents selected results of the analysis of a sample of voluntary associations of municipalities, which was carried out in connection with the elaboration of the methodology of well-functioning associations by the Czech Ministry of the Interior. Multipurpose voluntary associations operating in a functional micro-region identical or similar to the ORP territory (territory of municipalities with extended power) were examined. The formal aspects of their functioning, managerial models, methods of communication, value aspects, etc. were examined. This article focuses on the first examined area, ie. the formal aspects of the functioning of associations. It is based on a formal analysis of the founding documents and articles of association, their comparison and assessment. The information was subsequently verified in the form of controlled interviews with representatives of the unions. The survey shows that the variability in the setting of organs and relationships within the bundles is not significant, it concerns only some roles and names (designations) of organs. I.e. all the associations examined showed the same similar features in terms of the division of tasks between the supreme and executive bodies. Partial differences were identified in the relationship between the highest and the executive body (within the scope of the tasks that were delegated), in the way of recruiting new members, and the sanction of the member community in case of non-fulfillment of obligations. The chairman always represents the association externally. He himself, or in cooperation with the secretary or his deputy (occasionally) participates in organizing the operation of the association. Associations seldom create bodies of working, initiating or control nature. Their position does not have to be regulated by the statutes. Subsequently, recommendations for the effective operation of the bundles are formulated. In the event that the chairman cannot devote himself to the activities of the association on a full-time basis, it is necessary for the successful operation of the union to appoint the position of manager or secretary.

A COMPARISON OF PPP´S AND TRADITIONAL PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICES AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL

A COMPARISON OF PPP´S AND TRADITIONAL PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICES AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL
(A COMPARISON OF PPP´S AND TRADITIONAL PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICES AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL)

Author(s):Beáta Mikušová Meričková, Nikoleta Jakuš Muthová, Marián Holúbek
Language:English
Subject(s):Public Administration, Economic policy, Public Finances
Page Range:207-212
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:municipality; public lighting reconstruction project; public-private partnership; Slovakia;
Summary/Abstract:Implementation of alternative service delivery arrangements contributed to a rethinking of the public sector’s capacity as the public service provider. The public-private partnerships became part of the life of modern economics as the tool which enables the state or local government to carry their competences in a time that is ambitious to increase public need and decrease public expenditure. The goal of our paper (case study) is to present a set of analytical data comparing of public private partnership and traditional public procurement of public lighting reconstruction projects at the municipal level in Slovakia. This study uses a quantitative approach to investigate the research question. The study analyzes the original collected survey data from our own research in 14 Slovak municipalities. The analysis does not allow drawing normative conclusions about the desirability of PPP as a procurement method as it focuses only on construction costs, without being able to quantify its impact on life-cycle costs and benefits. Ideally, the relative costs and benefits of PPPs should be evaluated over the entire project lifecycle, from start of construction through operations and maintenance to the end of the contract period. However, most projects are either still under construction or in the early stages of operation and most available information relates to the construction phase.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
(ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Maroš VALACH, Monika Bumbalová
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Public Administration, Economic policy
Page Range:213-221
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:municipal entrepreneurship; local self-government; assets of local self-government;
Summary/Abstract:Local self-governments in Slovakia have on their disposal several ways of performing entrepreneurial activities. In general municipal entrepreneurship leads to the appreciation of municipal assets and generation of additional own budget revenues. The aim of the paper was to identify and analyse commercial enterprises, through which local self-governments conduct entrepreneurial activities. Within the research, we focused on the enterprises with the property share of municipalities, which have the status of the town. The following factors were taken into account when analysing the municipal enterprises: number of enterprises, their distribution in regions, legal form, economic activity and their economic results. Research results point to the fact that Slovak municipalities have long-term experience in performing of entrepreneurial activities using the municipal enterprises. They are mostly enterprises with 100 percent ownership of towns, and in terms of legal form, they are mostly limited liability companies. As for the economic activities, these enterprises are active in the fields corresponding with the municipal competences. An important positive effect of the entrepreneurial activities of the local self-governments is the increase in the value of assets.

KONKURENCIESCHOPNÉ PLATY V MIESTNEJ ŠTÁTNEJ SPRÁVE. REGIONÁLNY KOMPENZAČNÝ PRÍPLATOK

KONKURENCIESCHOPNÉ PLATY V MIESTNEJ ŠTÁTNEJ SPRÁVE. REGIONÁLNY KOMPENZAČNÝ PRÍPLATOK
(COMPETITIVE SALARIES IN LOCAL STATE ADMINISTRATION – REGIONAL COMPENSATION CONTRIBUTION)

Author(s):Tomáš Černěnko
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Public Administration, Labor relations, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:222-229
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:regional pay gaps; inersectoral pay gaps; district offices; civil service;
Summary/Abstract:Uniform wages offered by the public administration are not always competitive compared to private sector wages in every district. This is reflected in high levels of turnover, vacancies or an unbalanced age structure of employees and leads to a lower quality of public services provided. One way to address this would be to introduce a system to compensate for regional pay gaps. The aim of our paper is to propose a mechanism for determining the regional compensatory allowance for employees of district offices. We used two approaches to determine it. The first consists in expressing the share of individual salary classes in the national average wage and their subsequent reflection on individual regions and districts. The second is based on calculation of the gaps between individual salary classes and their subsequent projection into individual regions and districts. Together, we offer 4 scenarios (2 theoretical approaches with 2 variants) for determining the regional compensatory allowance. The result is regional pay scales and tables with the amount of the regional compensation surcharge, as well as a quantification of each scenario. From our point of view, the most suitable for implementation is a scenario based on the projection of the share of wages in the average regional wage at the district level.

MĚŘENÍ CHYTROSTI MĚST DLE INDEXŮ SMART CITY: KOMPARATIVNÍ REGIONÁLNÍ ANALÝZA VISEGRÁDSKÉ SKUPINY

MĚŘENÍ CHYTROSTI MĚST DLE INDEXŮ SMART CITY: KOMPARATIVNÍ REGIONÁLNÍ ANALÝZA VISEGRÁDSKÉ SKUPINY
(SMART CITY INDEX FOR MEASURING CITIES SMARTNESS: COMPARATIVE REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF VISEGRAD GROUP)

Author(s):Michaela NEUMANNOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Rural and urban sociology, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:230-235
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:smart city; Visegrad Group; smart city index; comparative regional analysis;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of this contribution is to analyze and evaluate the success and position of cities of Visegrad Group in the Smart City indices. The concept of Smart Cities has been anchored in regional sciences in order to improve the management of cities. The so-called Smart City rankings determine the degree of smartness or the degree of fulfilment of individual attributes of the Smart City concept. These Smart City attributes are presented and correlated with Smart City concept definitions. In order to be able to interpret the Smart City indices, it is necessary to pay attention in this paper to the criteria that make up the indices. A partial goal of this contribution is to analyze the development of Czech cities within the relevant indices. To achieve the presented objectives of this paper, a literature review on Smart Cities and Smart City index is used. Furthermore, a comparative regional analysis of the Smart City concept of Visegrad Group was carried out. The data about the position of the cities of the Visegrad Group are obtained from five international rankings of city’s smartness. The findings of this paper indicate that the most successful city within the Visegrad Group in the Smart City rankings is the capital of the Czech Republic Prague.

ÚLOHA PROTIKORUPČNÝCH MIMOVLÁDNYCH NEZISKOVÝCH ORGANIZÁCIÍ V MUNICIPÁLNEJ POLITIKE

ÚLOHA PROTIKORUPČNÝCH MIMOVLÁDNYCH NEZISKOVÝCH ORGANIZÁCIÍ V MUNICIPÁLNEJ POLITIKE
(THE ROLE OF ANTI-CORRUPTION NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN MUNICIPAL POLICY)

Author(s):Michal Lendvorský, Beáta Mikušová Meričková, Nikoleta Jakuš Muthová
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Public Administration, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:236-243
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:corruption; municipality; NGOs; case study;
Summary/Abstract:The degree of enforcement of political accountability at all levels of government affects the level of corruption. Active civil society shaping public opinion puts pressure on politicians to act responsibly and thus reduces the risk of corrupt practices. Increasing political responsibility at the municipal level is possible through the operation of non-governmental organizations as subjects / actors of municipal policy. The aim of the study is to point out the possibilities of solving the problem of corruption at the local level through the activities of anti-anticorruption NGOs as subjects of municipal policy. The research issue is anticorruption NGOs activities in corruption problem solving at the local level government. The research subject is NGO Against Corruption. The key methods of scientific research are the methods of classification analysis, comparison and abstraction in the creation of a theoretical and methodological framework for solving the problem; methods of causal analysis in the application part of the study and methods of synthesis and partial induction in drawing conclusions. Secondary data collection will take place through a constructive method and their processing and evaluation through the case study method. The methods applied to the civic association Against Corruption will be effective in mapping their complex activities and activities at the municipal level.

LOCAL REFERENDUM AS A TOOL OF DIRECT PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS IN THE DECISION-MAKING OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

LOCAL REFERENDUM AS A TOOL OF DIRECT PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS IN THE DECISION-MAKING OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
(LOCAL REFERENDUM AS A TOOL OF DIRECT PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS IN THE DECISION-MAKING OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Filip Hampl
Language:English
Subject(s):Civil Society, Public Administration, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today)
Page Range:244-251
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:direct participation; local government; local referendum act; municipality; voter turnout;
Summary/Abstract:The local referendum is the only tool of direct democracy in the Czech Republic, allowing citizens to decide on issues falling within the independent competence of municipalities directly. The aim of the paper is to assess the use, voter turnout, binding force, and thematic focus of local referenda as a tool of direct participation of citizens in the decision-making on local issues in the Czech municipalities with respect to their size defined by the population in the period 2006-2019. To fulfil the aim, descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, classification analysis and correlation analysis have been employed. A total of 288 local referenda were held in the examined period, 193 of them in the municipalities up to 1,999 inhabitants. The results do not indicate a statistically significant relationship between the municipality size and the holding of referenda. On the other hand, the results show a weakly negative correlation relationship between the municipality size and the turnout (the binding force, respectively). The referenda focused on territorial development, environment, alternative sources of power and infrastructure predominate in the municipalities up to 4,999 inhabitants. The referenda on municipal property and public order prevail in the municipalities with 5,000 and more inhabitants.

EFFECTS OF MUNICIPAL HOUSING POLICY ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT

EFFECTS OF MUNICIPAL HOUSING POLICY ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT
(EFFECTS OF MUNICIPAL HOUSING POLICY ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT)

Author(s):Barbora RAKOVÁ
Language:English
Subject(s):Public Administration, Rural and urban sociology
Page Range:252-260
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:place-based model; urban development; housing policy; municipal policy;
Summary/Abstract:Housing policy on municipal level is in the Czech realm neither thoroughly analysed, nor systematically performed. Policymakers lack basic data-base for taking competent decisions. This study shall establish a base for further discussion on factors, effects and importance of municipal housing policy for urban development. A comparative analysis of three Czech cities has been performed with the aim to answer the questions what explains a housing policy, whether and how housing policy may impact urban development (factors) and what the effects are. This study proved that housing policy does have an impact on urban development and that this fact is not clearly reflected in the Czech multilevel governance. The relevance of multiple socio-economic factors of housing policy for urban development has been examined. From the identified effects of these factors, a set of hypotheses for further research has been developed. The study consists of four parts. The first one frames housing policy in a context of place-based regional theories and explains the Czech system of multilevel governance in this field. The second section explains the use of comparative analysis and the selection of indicators as well as the collected data. The third part comments on obtained data and the final one draws suggestions for further research of academics and better decisions of policymakers.

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN CZECHIA: TOWARDS FLORIDA'S NEW URBAN CRISIS?

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN CZECHIA: TOWARDS FLORIDA'S NEW URBAN CRISIS?
(SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN CZECHIA: TOWARDS FLORIDA'S NEW URBAN CRISIS?)

Author(s):Emil Drápela
Language:English
Subject(s):Architecture, Public Administration, Rural and urban sociology, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today)
Page Range:261-268
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:housing construction; spatial autocorrelation; hotspot analysis; Richard Florida; regional development;
Summary/Abstract:Since the 1990s, there has been an increase in interregional differences in housing prices in Czechia. These differences largely depend on the size and economic strength of the municipality or regional centre, but there exist also differences between regions. The article uses the indicator of housing construction intensity (HCI) for the twenty-two-year period 1997-2018 per 1 km2, which is processed at the level of municipalities using spatial autocorrelation (Anselin Local Moran's I) and hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), and presented in GIS. By comparing the results of both methods it was found that the interregional differences in the popularity of the Czech regions are significantly influenced by their distance to the main economic centres. On the contrary, the hypothesis that some regions with a worse environment, a higher share of the socially weak population and a low supply of above-average jobs will be the cause of the negative push effect has not been confirmed. In discussion, the current situation is compared with Richard Florida's concept of “New Urban Crisis”, to which arrival in Czechia it indirectly points to, although the initial conditions in Czechia are significantly different than in the US.,

NABÍDKOVÁ STRANA LOKALIZACE Z POHLEDU ČESKÝCH MĚST

NABÍDKOVÁ STRANA LOKALIZACE Z POHLEDU ČESKÝCH MĚST
(SUPPLY SIDE OF LOCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CZECH TOWNS)

Author(s):Ján Sucháček, EVA POLEDNÍKOVÁ, Jaroslav Urminský
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Rural and urban sociology
Page Range:269-273
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:factors; location; towns; investment; supply side;
Summary/Abstract:Location analyses usually assess urban and regional milieu from the perspective of investors. This demand side is rather important for location processes. Nonetheless, supply side embodying spatially differentiated location factors of particular territories is significant too. The objective of the article is to show factors that towns of the Czech Republic offer to potential investors on the one hand and factors that these towns deem as relevant for investors. The article leans upon the research that was accomplished in 2019. The whole text is supported by an extensive questionnaire survey. It is worth noticing location factors towns deem important for investors differ from these that are offered by towns to investors. Among the factors provided by individual towns to potential investors, so-called soft factors of location played a relevant role. This is compliant with contemporary modernisation tendencies shaping the qualities of space.

TERITORIÁLNÍ MARKETING JAKO FAKTOR REGIONÁLNÍHO ROZVOJE NA PŘÍKLADU MĚSTA CURYCH

TERITORIÁLNÍ MARKETING JAKO FAKTOR REGIONÁLNÍHO ROZVOJE NA PŘÍKLADU MĚSTA CURYCH
(REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE TERRITORIAL MARKETING: THE CASE OF ZURICH)

Author(s):Lucie Herbočková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Economic development, Marketing / Advertising
Page Range:274-280
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:territorial marketing; city marketing; city of Zurich; target group; regional development;
Summary/Abstract:The article introduces the concept of territorial marketing and its reflection in the attractiveness of Zurich territory. Even though the process of globalization brings benefits, it also challenges the small territories to compete in the global market. Regarding regional development, the concept helps to maximize the level of the attractiveness of the city, thus economic growth. In general, territorial marketing strategies are quite successful in innovative regions, as well as cities. The primary reason for choosing such a city is precisely its innovative potential and strategy, as the city council effectively works with elements of territorial marketing and develops its territory sustainably. The article aims to analyze the relevance of the concept in the city of Zurich, applying the method of secondary data analysis. Zurich is a representative city that the implementation of the concept of territorial marketing may increase the attractiveness of the territory. The city council works effectively with important segments and knows its preferences. It uses local entrepreneurs, employees and residents, visitors, potential investors, and international companies to identify its target groups. The city's priorities are the development and cooperation of local entities, innovative activities, and attractiveness for potential external investors, which brings opportunities to the city.

NÁKUPNÍ PREFERENCE MLADÉ GENERACE A ON-LINE NAKUPOVÁNÍ

NÁKUPNÍ PREFERENCE MLADÉ GENERACE A ON-LINE NAKUPOVÁNÍ
(SHOPPING PREFERENCES OF YOUNG GENERATION AND ON-LINE SHOPPING)

Author(s):KAROLÍNA URBANOVSKÁ, Josef Kunc
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Behaviorism, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:281-287
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:generation Z; shopping behavior; brick-and-mortar shop; on-line shopping; Czech Republic;
Summary/Abstract:The young generation born in the mid-1990s and later is referred to as Generation Z. As the only post-war generation, they grew entirely on the World Wide Web and has been increasingly associated with the rapid increase in daily use of technology on a daily basis. Mainly the Internet and smart mobile phones have become an indispensable part of their lives and are often used in consumer preferences and during shopping. The paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of selected results of Generation Z research in the Czech Republic in relation to shopping behaviour and on-line shopping. In terms of methodology, the research is based on an extensive quantitative questionnaire survey among members of a given generation in the Czech Republic. The results show that Generation Z a bit surprisingly prefers shopping in a brick-and-mortar store compared to online shopping. On the other hand, Czech young population not surprisingly spends the largest expenditures on food, entertainment, clothing and footwear, housing and travel, and this product mix is also reflected in the frequency of visits. This finding may be important for retailers and managers because, despite the ever-increasing implementation of smart technologies and an online lifestyle across all generations, brick-and-mortar businesses are still competitive to face this trend.

PRÁCA S INTERNETOM AKO INDIKÁTOR POČÍTAČOVEJ GRAMOTNOSTI OBYVATEĽSTVA SLOVENSKA

PRÁCA S INTERNETOM AKO INDIKÁTOR POČÍTAČOVEJ GRAMOTNOSTI OBYVATEĽSTVA SLOVENSKA
(INTERNET WORK AS AN INDICATOR OF COMPUTER LITERACY OF THE POPULATION IN SLOVAKIA)

Author(s):KATARÍNA VILINOVÁ, Lucia Petrikovicova, Laura Babjaková
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:288-295
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:computer literacy; internet work; European Union; Slovakia; spatial disparities;
Summary/Abstract:Computer literacy affects all areas of human life, and our subsequent control is almost inevitable nowadays. Due to the rapid growth of scientific knowledge and development of information and communication technologies, significant changes are taking place in individual countries. New technologies are coming to the fore through which there is an increase in country's economy, employment as well as labor productivity. To some extent, this fact is influenced by the ability of basic computer skills. This aspect is also important in terms of regional development at the national, regional and local level. The aim of the paper is to characterize selected indicator of computer literacy - internet work at three levels of Slovakia (state, district and municipality). The paper will be based by data from the Statistical Office of the European Union and Statistical Office of the Slovak republic. The methods of analysis, synthesis as well as graphical and cartographic methods will be the main methods used in the paper. Based on the achieved results, it can be stated that Slovakia achieved an average of 51.4 % in the development of internet use. It is very just above the EU average. At the regional level, the highest rate of internet use is manifested in the western part of Slovakia. At the local level in the case of the Nitra district, the internet was mostly used in the hinterland of the city of Nitra.

EVALUACE POLITIKY CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU ČR ZA OBDOBÍ 2014-2020

EVALUACE POLITIKY CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU ČR ZA OBDOBÍ 2014-2020
(THE EVALUATION OF THE CZECH TOURISM POLICY IN THE PERIOD OF 2014-2020)

Author(s):Andrea Holešinská
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic history, Present Times (2010 - today), Tourism
Page Range:296-304
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:tourism policy; evaluation; Czech Republic; tools; decision-making process;
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the evaluation of the state tourism policy of the Czech Republic. Primarily it focuses on the accomplishment of the strategic document the Concept of the State Tourism Policy of the Czech Republic for 2014-2020. The activities related to particular measures are examined and as well as the implementation of tools used by the state tourism policy is analysed. The state tourism policy of the Czech Republic is also confronted with the theoretical background. Therefore, the attention is paid to the decision-making process, the legitimacy of state interference in tourism and the role of the state in tourism policy. It is emphasized that external factors (e.g. global trends or COVID-19) have an impact on the decision-making process and the direction of tourism policy. The paper is based on the qualitative analysis of documents, which is supported by the analysis of secondary data sources.

THE DYNAMICS OF TOURISM DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS

THE DYNAMICS OF TOURISM DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS
(THE DYNAMICS OF TOURISM DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS)

Author(s):Martin Luštický, Petr Štumpf
Language:English
Subject(s):Tourism
Page Range:305-312
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:tourism destination; competitiveness; system dynamics; stakeholder; CLD;
Summary/Abstract:The paper is focused on the issue of tourism destination competitiveness. It tracks the application of two mostcited models of destination competitiveness in research practice defined by the various research papers published in journals involved in ProQuest Central and EBSCO databases from 2010. The aim of the paper is to identify the principal factors of destination competitiveness and create an aggregate model in a form of a causal loops diagram (CLD). Moreover, the paper pays attention to a role of destination stakeholders in the competitiveness models. Thus, it enriches the aggregate model with the stakeholder collaboration factor. It examines connections between the factor of stakeholder collaboration and other related competitiveness factors and identifies the leverage points affecting the dynamics of destination competitiveness. In such a way the paper provides a recipe for destination managers enabling them to define tourism policy so to be able to utilize cooperation with stakeholders as a source of competitive advantage, and thus to systematically increase destination competitiveness and improve the competitive position of the destination.

THE IMPORTANCE OF COOPERATION OF TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

THE IMPORTANCE OF COOPERATION OF TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
(THE IMPORTANCE OF COOPERATION OF TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL)

Author(s):Janka BERESECKÁ, Veronika Svetlíková
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Governance, Tourism
Page Range:313-319
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:decentralization; cooperation; enterprises; regional tourism organizations; support;
Summary/Abstract:According to the results from OECD countries, the position of the tourism sector in Slovakia has been unfavourable for a long time. Tourism in Slovakia is managed in a decentralized way, which is legally and financially supported in certain forms. Support is largely conditional on cooperation. Such an example is the support of the creation and activities of regional tourism organizations. In this paper, we will examine the economic significance and justification of cooperation among entities that are members of regional tourism organizations, by determining the relationship between the number of these organizations and the amount of revenue divided into four categories at the regional level. In this work we used multiple regression and correlation analysis. Based on their results, we identified the performance of companies according to the categories of achieved revenues. The results suggest that the most productive companies are companies with revenues ranging from 100000-500000 Euros per year. The paper also offers a framework of questions for further research related to sector governance, as well as an awareness of the importance and significance of cooperation.

HIGH-SPEED RAIL AND TOURISM: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH AGENDA

HIGH-SPEED RAIL AND TOURISM: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH AGENDA
(HIGH-SPEED RAIL AND TOURISM: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH AGENDA)

Author(s):Martin Šauer, Markéta Novotná
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic development, Tourism, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:320-327
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:tourism development; mobility; decision-making;
Summary/Abstract:Transport infrastructure is an essential component of competitive tourism development and a key element in moving the tourists efficiently nearer to the tourism product. The location, capacity, efficiency, and connectivity of transport can significantly influence the mobility of tourists and enhance the destination´s accessibility. Researchers´ interest is to investigate how high-speed rail (HSR) can determine the destination choice, reinforce its attractiveness, and affect the tourists´ consumption patterns. This paper aims to define basic directions of research in the field of tourist mobility and high-speed rail. Based on the current publishing activity, it identifies the research problems and the approaches applied by the researchers. The literature review process involves searching the relevant literature, extracting data, analysing data, and synthesising the findings using descriptive synthesis. The results mostly come from areas where the HSR already exists. The HSR can affect the tourists' choice to visit neighbouring cities. Similarly, it gives value to already known and popular tourist destinations. Finally, it should be noted that the evidence is, however, often extremely limited.

AIRBNB JAKO KATALYZÁTOR NEUDRŽITELNÉ PŘEMĚNY MĚST – PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE PRAHA

AIRBNB JAKO KATALYZÁTOR NEUDRŽITELNÉ PŘEMĚNY MĚST – PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE PRAHA
(AIRBNB AS A CATALYST FOR THE UNSUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSFORMATION – PRAGUE CASE STUDY)

Author(s):Markéta Novotná, KATEŘINA HASOŇOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Rural and urban sociology, Tourism, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:328-335
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Airbnb; global trends; urban destination; Prague;
Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on one of the current global trends related to the expansion of the sharing economy and shortterm accommodation services on the Internet platform. The paper aims to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of the Airbnb service in the capital city of Prague, which is one of the most visited cities in Europe. The Airbnb phenomenon, which indirectly contributes to overtourism and the burden on city centres, usually leads to higher house prices, unequal competition, changes in residential areas, and other negative externalities for the residents. The paper applies the desk research method based on the processing of secondary data, supplemented by own observation and in-depth interview with a representative of IPR Prague. When comparing the specific situation and the measures implemented to deal with this problem in other model destinations, serving as a benchmark for the case study, it can be stated that in the case of Prague, the initiative often comes spontaneously from below. The implementation of measures is often carried out only after repeated complaints by residents.

MODIFIKACE VIRTUÁLNÍ REGIONÁLNÍ INFRASTRUKTURY PRO CRM AUTONOMNÍMI SYSTÉMY

MODIFIKACE VIRTUÁLNÍ REGIONÁLNÍ INFRASTRUKTURY PRO CRM AUTONOMNÍMI SYSTÉMY
(MODIFICATION OF VIRTUAL REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CRM BY AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS)

Author(s):Josef Botlík, Milena Botlíková, Milena JANÁKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Tourism, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:336-343
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:CRM; tourism; region; destination;
Summary/Abstract:In the context of the pandemic condition caused by the coronavirus Covid 19, it is obvious that economic sectors dependent on movement of goods and people between regions will be less economically productive. Undoubtedly it is tourist industry (TI). Partial compensation of impacts and risks is practicable by appropriate tools, in this context it is client relationship management (CRM). Basic TI services are related to a destination which is a geospatial factor determining supply and demand. Destination isn´t isolated entity, it is dependent on environment (between other and administrative). Data processing is always related to a territorial unit which is characterized, between others, relevant infrastructure which is needed for provision of services. One characteristic of infrastructure is relation between elements of infrastructure, which can be defined as interdependence of elements, e.g. spatial. The aim of the contribution is to demonstrate the geospatial relationship between selected elements of supply and demand in the TI given accommodation capacities and the number of overnight stays. Defaults data are evaluated by geospatial analysis methods, especially precedent analysis showing changes of values between elements analyzed on the infrastructure. Infrastructure is based on administrative division of Czech Republic, basic data are divide into districts and modified to regions by minimum distances. Infrastructure is generated by passage of autonomous agents. The results of the work demonstrate spatial dependencies and indicate the need to examine the relationships between quantities based on the gradient of quantities in the space, which is evident, for example, on the behavior of the average number of overnight stays between the districts of Brno city and Brno countryside.

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM
(COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM)

Author(s):Monika HILŠEROVÁ, Dominika HRABALOVÁ, MARKÉTA KALÁBOVÁ, Antonín Dvořák
Language:English
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Tourism
Page Range:344-351
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:medical tourism; tourism; Czech Republic;
Summary/Abstract:Medical tourism is one of the forms of tourism with dynamic development in recent years. To determine the strategic development of the area, it is necessary to determine the strengths of the destination with regard to trends and opportunities that the market offers. The aim of this paper is to identify the competitive advantages of the Czech Republic in terms of medical tourism and answer the key question whether the Czech Republic has the prerequisites for future development. The evaluation was performed on the basis of a comparison of research reports of the Czech Tourist Board (CzechTourism) with international reports evaluating the competitiveness and position of the Czech Republic, namely the country reports of the International Medical Travel Journal, Euro Health Consumer Index, Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index. Furthermore, the services offered for foreign tourists were evaluated. A price comparison of selected procedures was also included. Based on the analysis, the competitive advantages of the Czech Republic were determined. The identified competitive advantages show that the Czech Republic has good potential for the development of medical tourism. Based on a comparison of the main final reports of foreign and domestic organizations, it follows that the main competitive advantages of the Czech Republic in the field of medical tourism are almost zero waiting times and low cost of quality medical procedures and quality medical care.

FENOMÉN AGROTURISMU NA PŘÍKLADU JIHOMORAVSKÉHO KRAJE

FENOMÉN AGROTURISMU NA PŘÍKLADU JIHOMORAVSKÉHO KRAJE
(THE PHENOMENON OF AGRITOURISM ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOUTH MORAVIA REGION)

Author(s):HELENA KUBÍČKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Agriculture, Regional Geography, Tourism
Page Range:352-361
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:agritourism; sustainable tourism; tourism supply;
Summary/Abstract:This paper reacts to the recent trend in tourism in the form of agritourism. This branch of rural tourism has been increasing in the last decade and is becoming more attractive in the connotation to the growth of the urban population rate. Urban citizens of towns gradually seek out places close to nature for their recreation and relaxation. The presence of urban visitors and their sojourn in rural areas generate for farmers resp. entrepreneurs offering agritourism services an additional income and represent a diversification of their business. So, there is no doubt about the positive benefits of agritourism for both supply and demand. This paper, therefore, aims to observe and analyse the agritourism supply, and after data synthesis to describe the actual implementation of this form of tourism. The South Moravian Region was chosen as a research area. The goal was achieved by own data database of 23 surveyed objects, which were the only ones that fulfilled the criteria set on the background of the literature search. The object had to offer accommodation, provide relevant information on its own website and during the visit, there should be an interaction between the visitor and the domestic animals (e.g. in the form of a mini-zoo, observation, etc.). The results confirmed that, despite considerable diversity (e.g. in terms of capacity indicators, so the number of beds or rooms), agritourism serves as a cheaper alternative to vacation and provides some typical activities, such as horse riding.

KULTÚRNE DEDIČSTVO – EKONOMICKÝ ZDROJ ROZVOJA TURIZMU, ČI ODRAZ KULTÚRNEJ IDENTITY?

KULTÚRNE DEDIČSTVO – EKONOMICKÝ ZDROJ ROZVOJA TURIZMU, ČI ODRAZ KULTÚRNEJ IDENTITY?
(CULTURAL HERITAGE – AN ECONOMIC SOURCE OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OR CULTURAL IDENTITY REFLECTION?)

Author(s):Zdena Krišková
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Cultural history, Economic development, Tourism, Identity of Collectives
Page Range:362-369
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:cultural heritage; the High Tatras; tourism; identity;
Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on the issue of cultural heritage and tourism in the area of the High Tatras that are located in the Spiš region – one of the most significant historical and cultural centres of Slovakia. The study points out the aspects of presenting to the visitors the traditional cultural values of this region that are in socio-cultural and economic contexts. Moreover, we monitor the adequate forms of interpretation of those values in the present conditions of tourism. We aim at the usage of socio-cultural capital of the city in the perspective of sustainable development in the European area. The contribution copes with the long term ethnological field research, which is, predominantly, the basis for the synthesis of the results, and that is completed with the bibliography sources. The main intention of the origin of villages in the Tatra region (spas and tourism), ethnic and social reference of their founders are the essential factors for our conclusions. Those factors have conditioned and influenced many cultural specificities of the inhabitants concerning their identity and cultural roots. This phenomenon is the important determinant of the values of cultural heritage exchange, mainly towards the external visitors of the High Tatras.,

MÚZEÁ KULTÚR NÁRODNOSTNÝCH MENŠÍN AKO SÚČASŤ ŠPECIFICKÝCH FORIEM TURIZMU

MÚZEÁ KULTÚR NÁRODNOSTNÝCH MENŠÍN AKO SÚČASŤ ŠPECIFICKÝCH FORIEM TURIZMU
(THE MUSEUMS OF ETHNIC MINORITY CULTURES AS A COMPONENT FOR SPECIFIC FORMS OF TOURISM)

Author(s):Jolana Darulová, Katarína Koštialová
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Museology & Heritage Studies, Sociology of Culture, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Tourism
Page Range:370-376
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:tourism; museums; cultural heritage; museums of ethnic minorities;
Summary/Abstract:The cultural heritage of a locality, region or country plays a significant role in the domestic tourist industry. Institutions of historic memory, in particular museums are concerned with specialist processing of cultural heritage elements. They register, document, administer and ultimately present these elements. The objective of this study is to characterise the importance of specialised museums of ethnic minority cultures in Slovakia, as cultural heritage intermediaries for specific forms of tourism. The study is based on ethnological field research, with updated semi-standardised interviews and participating observations. The outcome of the study determines two aspects. One of them relates to various forms of the tourist industry, which the museum network in Slovakia also participates in. The other one specifies the researched museums of ethnic minority cultures and their involvement in the development of cultural and ethnic tourism, as well as tourism of compatriots.

CESTOVNÍ RUCH V DOMINIKÁNSKÉ REPUBLICE, JEHO AKTUÁLNÍ PROBLÉMY A BUDOUCNOST

CESTOVNÍ RUCH V DOMINIKÁNSKÉ REPUBLICE, JEHO AKTUÁLNÍ PROBLÉMY A BUDOUCNOST
(TOURISM IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE)

Author(s):Aneta Krajíčková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Economic development, Tourism
Page Range:377-383
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Dominican Republic; impacts of tourism; tourism development;
Summary/Abstract:The Dominican Republic is the most-visited country in the Caribbean. The development of tourism is continuous and, in the future, it is still going to be one of the most important sectors that brings significant source of income for the country. The country's dependence on tourism causes and is going to cause problems in economic, social and environmental areas. The aim of this article is to analyze the current situation and to identify problematic aspects of tourism and possibilities of future development based on an interview with the country's leading tourism expert. Among the most critical identified are water management, which overlaps only to tourism, but also to agriculture and the protection of natural resources, ownership of recreational facilities or the security of the country.

HODNOCENÍ KVALITY ŽIVOTA Z POHLEDU MÍSTNÍCH AKTÉRŮ: PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE ÚZEMÍ MAS PODHŮŘÍ ŽELEZNÝCH HOR

HODNOCENÍ KVALITY ŽIVOTA Z POHLEDU MÍSTNÍCH AKTÉRŮ: PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE ÚZEMÍ MAS PODHŮŘÍ ŽELEZNÝCH HOR
(EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LOCAL ACTORS: A CASE STUDY OF LAG PODHŮŘÍ ŽELEZNÝCH HOR)

Author(s):Zdeněk Šilhan, Marketa CHALOUPKOVA, Hana Svobodová
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Gerontology, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:384-390
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:quality of life; local action group; community well-being;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the article is to evaluate the subjective aspects of the quality of life and local conditions for living in the area of the Local action group Podhůří Železných hor. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Also interviews with selected actors and discussion meetings with the public were used. Where participatory methods of public involvement were used. Participatory methods of public participation were useful in the discussion meetings. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used. Standard methods were used for evaluation - basic statistical and thematic analysis. Thanks to the used methods, the local context was included in the evaluation. The highest rated area was nature and natural environment. Conversely, interpersonal relationships were the worst rated. According to the results, most need to improve are non-motorized transport and social services for seniors.

ANALÝZA VÝSLEDKOV KOMPARÁCIE SUBJEKTÍVNEJ KVALITY ŽIVOTA NA SLOVENSKO-UKRAJINSKOM POHRANIČÍ

ANALÝZA VÝSLEDKOV KOMPARÁCIE SUBJEKTÍVNEJ KVALITY ŽIVOTA NA SLOVENSKO-UKRAJINSKOM POHRANIČÍ
(ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF COMPARISON OF SUBJECTIVE QUALITY OF LIFE IN SLOVAKIA-UKRAINIAN BORDERLAND)

Author(s):Juraj Tej, MATÚŠ VAGAŠ, Róbert Modranský
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:391-400
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:quality of life; borderland; Slovakia; Ukraine;
Summary/Abstract:The main goal of the presented paper is to compare the subjective quality of life on both sides of the Slovak- Ukrainian border of Schengen. The theoretical basis of the problem is focused on the quality of life as such on both sides of the Slovak-Ukrainian border of Schengen. The research sample consisted of 400 respondents, of which 200 were Slovak and 200 Ukrainian. Subsequently, with the help of the mathematical-statistical program SPSS 25, we observed statistically significant differences in the subjective opinions of the respondents. We monitored the quality of life in four areas that we had previously created (health care, unemployment, satisfaction with cultural and sports activities, transport). The results pointed to statistically significant differences in subjective opinions in the areas of health care and satisfaction with transport. Differences in areas indicate improvements in hospitals in terms of staffing and technology. In transport, road infrastructure and urban transport vehicles need to be significantly modernized.

PRIESTOROVÉ DISPARITY SOCIO-PATOLOGICKÉHO JAVU KVALITY ŽIVOTA NA PRÍKLADE KRIMINALITY V BRATISLAVSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI

PRIESTOROVÉ DISPARITY SOCIO-PATOLOGICKÉHO JAVU KVALITY ŽIVOTA NA PRÍKLADE KRIMINALITY V BRATISLAVSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI
(SPATIAL DISPARITIES OF THE SOCIO-PATHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON OF QUALITY OF LIFE ON THE EXAMPLE OF CRIMINALITY IN THE BRATISLAVA SELF-GOVERNING REGION)

Author(s):Miroslava Trembošová, Alena Dubcova, Miroslav DRAGULA
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Criminology, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:401-408
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:quality of life; criminality; disparities; Bratislava self-governing region;
Summary/Abstract:The quality of life of the people is a broad spectrum area of scientific research. It is measured through 9 indicators, which include an indicator of physical and economic security, which includes a negative phenomenon - criminality. The aim of the paper is spatial analysis of criminality as one of the elements of quality of life in the Bratislava selfgoverning region (BSR) in four areas (violent, moral, property and economic), as well as a comparison of the crimes of the capital cities Bratislava and Prague. The basic tool of data processing is comparative analysis and techniques in GIS and Excel programs. Most criminal acts in Slovakia are committed in BSR and in Bratislava. The highest number is recorded in property crime, especially car robbery committed and car theft. 18.6% of all criminal offences in Slovakia were committed in BSR (69,635 in 2016). 56.7% were cleared up and only 43% in BSR. Although the Czech capital, Prague, has a population three times bigger than Bratislava, it has only two times larger amount of crimes per 1,000 inhabitants. In recount of 1,000 inhabitants Bratislava exceeds Prague in violent crime, which we consider to be a serious socio-pathological phenomenon of society which reflects in the quality of life of its inhabitants.

ZDRAVÍ OBYVATELSTVA V OKRESECH HOSPODÁŘSKY PROBLÉMOVÝCH REGIONŮ

ZDRAVÍ OBYVATELSTVA V OKRESECH HOSPODÁŘSKY PROBLÉMOVÝCH REGIONŮ
(PUBLIC HEALTH IN ECONOMICALLY PROBLEMATIC AREAS)

Author(s):Jana ŠTERCOVÁ, Dana Hübelová , Alice Kozumplíková, Ludmila FLOKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Demography and human biology, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today)
Page Range:409-415
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:population health; mortality structure; health interventions; composite indicators; districts (LAU 1) of Czechia;
Summary/Abstract:Health is considered to be a crucial factor of regional development and competitiveness. The main goal of the article is to evaluate selected public health factors in economically problematic areas in the Czech Republic in the years 2007 and 2016. A total of 14 indicators in four thematic areas were selected: 1) mortality structure (mortality from circulatory, respiratory and digestive system diseases, neoplasms and external causes), 2) sickness rate (average time of incapacity for work, hospitalized and treated diabetics), 3) reproduction health (total fertility, spontaneous abortion and infant mortality) and 4) medical intervention (the proportion of physicians, general practitioners for adults and general practitioners for children and adolescents). A composite indicator for year 2007 and 2016 was established in each area and each district. The highest value of the indicators sum was proved in Znojmo district, on the other hand, the least favourable situation was detected in the district of Teplice. In districts, where a lower values of indicator was determined, a high accrual in treated diabetics dominates, and most of the districts also show growth in death from circulatory system diseases. The results proved, that it is necessary to pay attention to public health factors not only in its complexity, but also on the basis of component indicators, which can significantly influence the health quality.

NEW CORONAVIRUS DISEASE – DATA FROM THE REGIONS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

NEW CORONAVIRUS DISEASE – DATA FROM THE REGIONS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
(NEW CORONAVIRUS DISEASE – DATA FROM THE REGIONS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Jana Rozmarinová
Language:English
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:416-422
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:regions of the Czech Republic; coronavirus;
Summary/Abstract:A new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread across the world from Wuhan (China) in the first quarter of 2020. The goal of our research in this paper is to map the extension of coronavirus cases across the regions of the Czech Republic and to describe the trends in dissemination within the regions. The results of a descriptive analysis of cases in the regions of the Czech Republic are reported. The survey was based on the reports by the Regional Hygiene Station of the Czech Republic The number of days to reach 100 cases in the regions, the average age of patients in the region and the median age of the population in individual regions were calculated. The number of days to reach 100 cases in a region shows in the speed of the spread of the virus in the region. The regions with the most aggressive beginning of the infection are not those currently reporting the highest numbers of infection. Concerning the division of cases into individual regions, the Prague region is the leader in absolute numbers. The Karlovarský region, together with Prague, is the most affected if taking into account the size of the population.

MAJORITY SOCIETY AND ITS COEXISTENCE WITH ARAB AND MUSLIM NEIGHBORS IN THE CITY OF TEPLICE

MAJORITY SOCIETY AND ITS COEXISTENCE WITH ARAB AND MUSLIM NEIGHBORS IN THE CITY OF TEPLICE
(MAJORITY SOCIETY AND ITS COEXISTENCE WITH ARAB AND MUSLIM NEIGHBORS IN THE CITY OF TEPLICE)

Author(s):Monika Nová
Language:English
Subject(s):Islam studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Identity of Collectives
Page Range:423-430
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Arab; coexistence; integration; majority; Muslim; society;
Summary/Abstract:Writing this paper, the author wished to define problems that stem from the process of integrating Arab immigrants into the wider contemporary society of Teplice, not least because the city has often been mentioned in Czech media as a place where the foreigners are allegedly ill-adjusted to the local culture. Relying on the methods of qualitative research and on specifically constituted focus groups, we tried to find out what makes the process of integration in the city so troubled. In so doing, we considered the views presented by the representatives of municipal authorities, the non-profit sector and charity & church organizations - all more or less professionally engaged in the subject of our interest. Our results confirmed that Teplice is an illustrative example of the suitable practice. As mentioned in the Conclusion below, the Arab and Muslim societies follow certain rules and try hard to make them understood and tolerated.

POZICE ROMSKÉHO PORADCE JAKO PŘÍKLAD REGIONÁLNÍ DISPARITY ROMSKÉ INTEGRACE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

POZICE ROMSKÉHO PORADCE JAKO PŘÍKLAD REGIONÁLNÍ DISPARITY ROMSKÉ INTEGRACE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(INSTITUTE OF ROMA ADVISOR AS A CASE OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN ROMA INTEGRATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Petr Hušek
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Public Administration, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
Page Range:431-438
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Roma advisor; Roma integration; delegated powers; Roma minority; regions; Czech Republic;
Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on regional disparities in ensuring the delegated powers of exercising the rights of Roma minority, specifically on the position of Roma adviser in municipalities with extended powers. Available data, national documents, policy papers are starting point for analysis of changing institutional back-up of the position of Roma adviser as a tool for ensuring the integration of the Roma minority at the regional level. Subsequently, there is a comparison of regional disparities in the positions of Roma advisor at the regional level. Reasons for observed disparities are identified in the persistent legislative vacuum, which arose after the abolition of district councils accompanied by the transfer of the delegated powers of exercising the rights of members of the Roma community to the municipalities with extended powers. Regional authorities are unable to enforce the establishment of the position of Roma advisor in municipalities with extended powers. Therefore, many municipalities prefer to not have any Roma advisor at all, or mostly Roma advisor became part time-job. Sometimes reluctance to ensure the Roma integration agenda by municipalities is on rise, which we can finally be seen on the three main types of argumentation lines used to defend the non-existence of the position of Roma advisor in the administrative architecture of municipalities.

POTENCIÁL ROZVOJA SOCIÁLNEHO PODNIKANIA V TREŤOM SEKTORE NA SLOVENSKU

POTENCIÁL ROZVOJA SOCIÁLNEHO PODNIKANIA V TREŤOM SEKTORE NA SLOVENSKU
(POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE THIRD SECTOR IN SLOVAKIA)

Author(s):Marcela Chreneková, ADRIÁNA KLAPKOVÁ, Veronika Svetlíková
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Economic development
Page Range:439-447
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:social economy; social enterprises; non for profit organisations; third sector; Slovakia;
Summary/Abstract:The development of social entrepreneurship in Slovakia was accelerated by the adoption of a new law on its support in 2018. Most of the 123 registered social enterprises have the legal form of a business company, they are of integration enterprises type and the founders are mainly municipalities. Third sector organizations are not active enough in setting up social enterprises. The aim of the paper is to find out what are the barriers and potential for the development of social entrepreneurship in the third sector. Primary and secondary data sources were used in the work. The survey method was used for characteristic of social entrepreneurship, the awareness of municipalities and third sector organizations about the social economy and barriers to the establishment of social enterprises in third sector organizations. The biggest barrier to the development of social entrepreneurship in the third sector is unsystematic funding, the complexity of compliance with rules and regulations and the absence of mapping the needs of disadvantaged groups. There are 2 types of entities with the potential to establish a social enterprise, namely non-profit organizations providing services of general interest and civic associations. They are prerequisites for the establishment of a social enterprise because they employ a relatively high number of disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and are engaged in public benefit activities that can be the subject of generating profits in social enterprise. The awareness of third sector organizations about social entrepreneurship is much higher compared to municipalities, but they feel barriers to the establishment of a social enterprise.

REGIONÁLNÍ ROZDÍLY V DÁRCOVSTVÍ FIREM NA ÚZEMÍ ČESKA

REGIONÁLNÍ ROZDÍLY V DÁRCOVSTVÍ FIREM NA ÚZEMÍ ČESKA
(REGIONAL PATTERNS OF CORPORATE DONATION IN CZECHIA)

Author(s):Marek HALADA
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Economic policy, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
Page Range:448-453
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:corporate giving program; corporate social responsibility; CSR; philanthropy; regional disparities; donations; charity;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to examine regional and industrial differentiation in the rate of corporate giving in the period 2002-2016. The methodology consists of calculating the ratios between the variables – donors, the number of legal entities in regions and territorial branches of tax offices. The highest donor ratios were found in the Zlín, Pardubice, and Moravian-Silesian Region, the lowest in the capital city of Prague and the Karlovy Vary Region. At microregional level the highest donor ratios were found in the eastern parts of Bohemia and Moravia, while south-western Bohemian regions and southern Moravian regions showed lower numbers. Major cities (Praha, Brno, Ostrava) scored lower than their suburban areas, which may be due to the tendency of some entities to move to the centres in an effort to escape the reach of the tax inspections. This phenomenon, on the other hand, is not so evident in smaller regional centres. This paper confirms that the number of donors (or donor ratio) in the regions remains stable over time, but it is responsive to the external shocks (floods 2002, economic crisis 2008).

REGIONAL LIBRARIES AS PART OF CULTURES SERVICES AT REGIONAL LEVEL

REGIONAL LIBRARIES AS PART OF CULTURES SERVICES AT REGIONAL LEVEL
(REGIONAL LIBRARIES AS PART OF CULTURES SERVICES AT REGIONAL LEVEL)

Author(s):Viera Papcunova, Jarmila Hudáková
Language:English
Subject(s):Library operations and management, Public Administration
Page Range:454-461
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:regional libraries; public libraries; cultural services; financing of public libraries;
Summary/Abstract:In the Slovak Republic, all libraries (regional, district, municipal and municipal, including branches) are considered to be public libraries. The Higher Territorial Unit (HTU) establishes a regional library as a legal entity operating in the territory of several municipalities, and also serves as a municipal library in its seat. The HTU shall designate a selected regional library that shall perform the function of a regional library with regional competences. The regional library may, in agreement with municipalities, provide library and also information services to users through a mobile library. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the position of regional public libraries through selected indicators in the time period 2009-2018 in the Slovak Republic. The data for the analysis were obtained from the Ministry of Culture of the Slovak Republic, and they were afterwards processed in MS Excel. The analysis showed that the number of regional libraries with regional competences has not changed during the analysis period. And also the total number of regional libraries of the analysed time period did not change. We see changes in the funding of public libraries. Transfers of HTU created, on average, 54% on total transfers of public libraries and it represented, on average, 10.8 thous.€.

COMMUNITY CINEMAS IN URBAN REGENERATION: A CASE STUDY OF CINEMA ÚSMEV IN KOŠICE

COMMUNITY CINEMAS IN URBAN REGENERATION: A CASE STUDY OF CINEMA ÚSMEV IN KOŠICE
(COMMUNITY CINEMAS IN URBAN REGENERATION: A CASE STUDY OF CINEMA ÚSMEV IN KOŠICE)

Author(s):Barbora TÓTHOVÁ, Miriam Šebová
Language:English
Subject(s):Rural and urban sociology, Film / Cinema / Cinematography, Sociology of Art
Page Range:462-472
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:cinema; culture-led urban regeneration; community;
Summary/Abstract:The paper is focused on the role of cinemas in culture-led urban regeneration, their potential in the process of place-making and community building. Existing research has shown that there is a link between social and spatial identities based on small town cinemas and that community needs to be at the centre of the regeneration process for it to be sustainable. The paper follows the debate with its objective being to explore this link using a mixed method approach based on a case study. The case study deals with a local community cinema project located in the centre of Košice, Slovakia. It started the process of cinema restoration in 2015 and reflected the collective aspirations of urban inhabitants for the cinema’s survival. The findings conclude that the cinema is an active social actor and cultural asset in the neighbourhood and contributes to the development of a vital and inclusive community. On the other hand, it opens up the debate on the Slovak Audiovisual policies and cinema situation across Slovak districts as potential for further research.

REVITALIZACE MĚSTSKÝCH CENTER V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

REVITALIZACE MĚSTSKÝCH CENTER V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(REVITALIZATION OF URBAN CENTRES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Jiří Ježek, Renáta Ježková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Architecture, Rural and urban sociology
Page Range:473-480
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:urban centres; revitalization; Czech cities; empirical research;
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the experience of Czech cities with the revitalization of urban centres. The aim of the article is to find out how cities approach revitalization, what problems they solve and how satisfied they are with the state support. It is based on a representative questionnaire survey of municipalities (114 cities were interviewed, i.e. 28.6% of all cities). The research has shown that the most important problems of urban centres today include the quality of public spaces, transport infrastructure and mobility, and last but not least, the care for cultural heritage. Together with property owners, municipalities consider themselves to be the main actor (initiator and leader) of revitalization. The implementation of revitalization strategies in practice encounters a number of conflicts, especially between transport and the environment, between monument care and business, and between the interests of residents, entrepreneurs and tourists. Most cities evaluate the results of the revitalization of urban centres positively and perceive them as essential for the overall development of the city. More than half of the cities expressed dissatisfaction with a state support. Above all, they miss comprehensive support programs, enabling financing not only the revitalization of physical structures, but also measures to increase the attractiveness and attract new residents and visitors.

REGIONÁLNÍ A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ SOUVISLOSTI PLÁNOVANÉ VÝSTAVBY VYSOKORYCHLOSTNÍCH TRATÍ V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

REGIONÁLNÍ A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ SOUVISLOSTI PLÁNOVANÉ VÝSTAVBY VYSOKORYCHLOSTNÍCH TRATÍ V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(REGIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF PLANNED CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED RAILS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Milan Viturka, Vilém Pařil
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:481-488
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:high-speed rail; stimulation; sustainability;
Summary/Abstract:The paper presents the results of evaluation of the effectiveness of construction of four planned high-speed rail/HSR routes in the Czech Republic based on their potential impacts on development and environment of the relevant NUTS 3 regions (kraje) expressed by criteria of stimulation and sustainability. The methodology developed for the evaluation of the first criterion includes the most important segments of road and rail infrastructure assessed on the basis of relevant technical and operational parameters (the significance of road and rail transport was set at 5.5: 1). As regards the second criterion, the used methodology takes into account the potential impacts of construction on protected areas of European importance Natura 2000. According to the research results, the most significant stimulation effects can be expected for the RS 3 route Praha – Plzeň (München) and the longest RS 1 route Praha – Brno – Ostrava (Katowice). In the case of the sustainability criterion, the RS 3 route was again evaluated as the best and on the contrary, the RS 1 route was evaluated as the worst, i.e. the most environmentally conflicting. The obtained results represent an important basis for setting construction priorities.

KOMPARACE METOD ANALÝZY RIZIK PRO HODNOCENÍ BEZPEČNOSTNÍCH HROZEB LOKALIT BROWNFIELDS

KOMPARACE METOD ANALÝZY RIZIK PRO HODNOCENÍ BEZPEČNOSTNÍCH HROZEB LOKALIT BROWNFIELDS
(COMPARISON OF RISK ANALYSIS METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF BROWNFIELDS SECURITY THREAT)

Author(s):VLADIMÍRA ŠILHÁNKOVÁ, KVĚTA NETÍKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Agriculture, Methodology and research technology
Page Range:489-497
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:brownfields; threats; risk analysis; PNH method; DELPHI method; what-if method; expert estimation method;
Summary/Abstract:Very few works have been devoted so far to assess the threat to brownfields by means of risk analysis. The aim of this thesis is therefore to compare selected methods of risk analysis and subsequent evaluation of their application in the assessment of security threats to brownfields as well. The assessment was performed by analyzing security threats on a selected sample of brownfields in the municipality with extended powers - Slaný, which are larger than 1 ha. There were applied four selected methods of risk analysis (DELPHI, What-If, PNH and methods of special estimates) and their comparison and evaluation of their possible application for the assessment of security threats to brownfields. Based on the performed comparative analysis, it turns out that the DELPHI and What-If methods are suitable for the analysis and could also be the primary methods for defining the relevance of threats in localities. The PNH method requires a more accurate method. Moreover, it assumes higher demands on the acquisition of input data, so its application is convenient for advanced analyses. Additionally, the method of special estimates does not seem to be very appropriate.

PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PRE-1989 AGRICULTURAL PREMISES: THE VYSOČINA REGION

PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PRE-1989 AGRICULTURAL PREMISES: THE VYSOČINA REGION
(PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PRE-1989 AGRICULTURAL PREMISES: THE VYSOČINA REGION)

Author(s):Tomáš Krejčík, Josef Navrátil, Stanislav Martinát, Kamil Pícha, PETR KLUSÁČEK, Robert Osman, Jaroslav Škrabal
Language:English
Subject(s):Agriculture, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:498-504
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:brownfields; agriculture; land-use change; reuse of brownfields;
Summary/Abstract:The large pre-1989 agricultural premises that were built in the communist period are still with us and considerably shape the face of our villages to the present times. Its new uses are particularly problematic, but some changes took place during the last three decades. That is why we tried to compare former uses with uses to the year of the EU accession, up to date uses and planned uses according to territorial zoning plans. Selected municipalities of the Vysočina Region were chosen as case study. 375 pre-1989 agricultural premises with an area of 709.8 hectares were identified. Spatial expansion of 36.2 ha by biogas stations or composting plants to 2019 was found. Agricultural use has lost 116.2 hectares by the year 2019, i.e.,16.4% of the original area - 49.6% of which are agricultural brownfields. Based on the analyses of territorial zoning plans, it was found that they are prepared “rigidly” and that no significant changes are planned in the future. No plan has been made to return agriculture to areas that lost agricultural use in the previous years. Also, agricultural brownfields will not be widely intended for farming activities.

POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKE BROWNFIELDY V OKRESE ZLATÉ MORAVCE

POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKE BROWNFIELDY V OKRESE ZLATÉ MORAVCE
(AGRICULTURAL BROWNFIELDS IN THE ZLATÉ MORAVCE DISTRICT)

Author(s):Jana Némethová, Zuzana D. Líšková
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Agriculture, Regional Geography, Public Administration
Page Range:505-512
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Agricultural brownfields; the Zlaté Moravce District; field research;
Summary/Abstract:Brownfields are mostly associated with urban areas. However, the consequences of political and economic transformation have also affected rural areas. The most common type of brownfields in Slovakia is brownfields after agricultural production. The objective of the study was to identify the brownfields in the Zlaté Moravce district and focus primarily on the localisation of agricultural brownfields in the individual municipalities of the district. The district under review belongs to the Nitra Region, which is the most agriculturally used region in Slovakia. In order to meet our goal we mainly used the field research method and within this method the techniques such as observation, interviews with the employees of the municipal authorities, the owners of brownfield areas, the inhabitants of the municipalities and collection of photographic documentation. In the District we identified 64 brownfields and according to their original use it was predominantly agricultural brownfields amounting to a total number of 36. Most of them are in private hands. In many cases there is not only a single brownfield owner. Agricultural brownfields presented up to 95 % from the overall area of all brownfield categories. Agricultural brownfields are situated almost in every municipality in the district. In the majority of the cases it is agricultural areas, which include a number of abandoned buildings. In the Zlaté Moravce District none of these areas or buildings respectively has been revitalized so far because of the complicated ownership structure and lack of funding necessary for their restoration.

SITUACE NEPRŮMYSLOVÝCH VENKOVSKÝCH BROWNFIELDS V PRŮBĚHU DESETI LET NA PŘÍKLADU OKRESU JINDŘICHŮV HRADEC

SITUACE NEPRŮMYSLOVÝCH VENKOVSKÝCH BROWNFIELDS V PRŮBĚHU DESETI LET NA PŘÍKLADU OKRESU JINDŘICHŮV HRADEC
(THE SITUATION OF RURAL NON-INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELDS DURING TEN YEARS ON THE EXAMPLE OF JINDRICHUV HRADEC DISTRICT)

Author(s):Martin Musil
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Agriculture, Environmental Geography, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today)
Page Range:513-521
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:brownfields; Jindrichuv Hradec region; rural area; school building; house of culture; Jednota retail;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the article is to summarize the main results of research conducted in 2005-2006 and 2015-2017, focused on non-commercial brownfields in rural areas on the example of the Jindřichův Hradec district. The buildings of the former schools, cultural houses and retail shops of Jednota were examined. These objects were found in 165 localities in a total of 336 objects. 69 of them were marked as so-called real brownfields, depressing their surroundings, mainly due to their poor construction condition. The second phase of the research examined changes occurred during a decade on selected 53 objects of real brownfields from the first research phase. The standardized observation, document analysis, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were used as data collection methods. Relatively variable situation of municipalities was identified. Active inhabitants, who taking care of cultural and social activities and facilities, as well as individual possibilities of using problematic objects proved to be the main factors of positive changes. The economically favorable situation after 2013 contributed to possibility of making the necessary building reconstruction. The use of public funds by municipalities was not frequent, mainly due to the non-existence of a suitable grant title or to the reluctance to run into debt and uncertainty of objects use. Nevertheless, the number of problematic objects decreased within examined decade and many of the objects found their use.

A MULTIVARIATE CROSS-NATIONAL EUROPEAN REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

A MULTIVARIATE CROSS-NATIONAL EUROPEAN REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
(A MULTIVARIATE CROSS-NATIONAL EUROPEAN REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT)

Author(s):Dominika Tóthová
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental Geography, Human Ecology
Page Range:522-528
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:ecological footprint; regression analysis; consumption;
Summary/Abstract:This empirical study provides evidence of the most critical human´s activities on environmental degradation expressed by the Ecological Footprint indicator. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of the selected data from statistics of economy and finance, land cover and use, population and social condition, tourism, agriculture, international trade, transport and environment and energy on the variance of the Ecological Footprint of consumption per capita in the countries of the European Union. Using the multivariate regression analysis, I examined the significant predictors of differences in the Ecological Footprint of consumption per capita. As the best explanatory regression coefficients of the model were estimated exports of goods and services in % of GDP, participation in tourism for personal purposes per capita and percentage share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption.

FAKTORY OVPLYVŇUJÚCE MNOŽSTVO A ZLOŽENIE KOMUNÁLNYCH ODPADOV V NITRIANSKOM KRAJI

FAKTORY OVPLYVŇUJÚCE MNOŽSTVO A ZLOŽENIE KOMUNÁLNYCH ODPADOV V NITRIANSKOM KRAJI
(FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AMOUNT AND COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE IN THE NITRA REGION)

Author(s):Melánia Feszterová
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Public Administration, Environmental and Energy policy, Rural and urban sociology, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today)
Page Range:529-537
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:waste; Nitra region; population density; settlement unit; degree of the block of flats housing;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the paper is to analyse the municipal waste state (MW) in the Nitra region at 2002-2018, and selected factors affecting the state of MW in the Nitra region, comparing the years 2002 and 2018. The amount and composition of waste depend on factors such as population, population density, size, type and function of settlement unit and degree of the block of flats housing. We used standard processing methods based on a comparative analysis of the development of statistical data, graphical and tabular expression of the issue. The results show that the number of inhabitants in the region is decreasing annually, but the amount of municipal waste increases. The amount of MW may be related to population density, especially if concerning larger urban municipalities and districts and it was shown in 2011. Regarding to size and type of settlement unit, decreases in the number of inhabitants in individual municipalities of the region may be related to the decrease in the amount of MW, which occurred in 2004, 2012, and 2013. The most significant contribution to the total employment rate in this region has industry, wholesale, retail, and the last were the economic activities of construction, building, and agriculture.

POTENCIÁL PRE PESTOVANIE ENERGETICKÝCH PLODÍN - OBNOVITEĽNÉHO ZDROJA ENERGIE VO VYBRANÝCH REGIÓNOCH SLOVENSKA

POTENCIÁL PRE PESTOVANIE ENERGETICKÝCH PLODÍN - OBNOVITEĽNÉHO ZDROJA ENERGIE VO VYBRANÝCH REGIÓNOCH SLOVENSKA
(POTENTIAL FOR GROWING ENERGY CROPS- RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE IN SELECTED REGIONS OF SLOVAKIA)

Author(s):Boris PÁLKA, Jarmila Makovníková, Stanislav Kološta, Filip Flaška
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Regional Geography, Environmental and Energy policy
Page Range:538-545
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:energy crops; region; potential; fast growing trees;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the paper was to estimate the potential and real utilization of agricultural land for growing fast-growing trees in selected regions of Slovakia - NUTS 4 level. Four model districts, which are located in different climatic areas and different soil-ecological conditions, were chosen for the analysis. In model districts we present the representation of categories of agricultural land according to its quality and suitability for growing fast-growing trees. We estimate the potential of agricultural land for growing fast-growing trees in hectares. The paper outlines a simplified economic scenario and the possible impact of the higher growing of fast growing trees on employment in selected districts of Slovakia.

PRIESTOROVÉ ASPEKTY VÝVOJA OSÍDLENIA NOVEJ BANE A ŽARNOVICE V KONTEXTE PRÍRODNÝCH A SOCIOEKONOMICKÝCH PODMIENOK

PRIESTOROVÉ ASPEKTY VÝVOJA OSÍDLENIA NOVEJ BANE A ŽARNOVICE V KONTEXTE PRÍRODNÝCH A SOCIOEKONOMICKÝCH PODMIENOK
(SPATIAL ASPECTS OF SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT OF NOVÁ BAŇA AND ŽARNOVICA IN THE CONTEXT OF NATURAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS)

Author(s):Lucia Petrikovicova, KATARÍNA VILINOVÁ
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Agriculture, Environmental Geography, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:546-553
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:novobanská štálová area; dispersed settlement; Nová Baňa; Žarnovica;
Summary/Abstract:The dispersed settlement, as the studied area in the Novobanská Štálová area is, represents an autonomous expression of socioeconomic activity, conditioned by specific natural, and historical conditions. Štál is a habitable form, which was created mostly by gradual building on divided family lands, and many of them even today still share a common family name. The aim of the paper is to analyze spatial aspects of population distribution precisely in the context of natural and socioeconomic conditions of the territory with this specific form of settlement. The complexity of landscape development research requires the application and combination of multiple scientific approaches, concepts, methods, and techniques. Therefore, the methodological basis of the paper is based on several empirical studies analyzed in terms of the applied research methodology. The input analyzes include historical-geographical analysis of dispersed settlements, as well as field research. Today, the dispersed settlement, in addition to its original and basic agricultural function, also fulfills an accommodation and recreational function for a large number of the population working outside the dispersed settlements.

VESNICE JAKO SPONTÁNNĚ VZNIKLÁ BIOCENTRA A ZÁSOBNÍKY BIODIVERZITY V SOUČASNÉ ČESKÉ ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ KRAJINĚ

VESNICE JAKO SPONTÁNNĚ VZNIKLÁ BIOCENTRA A ZÁSOBNÍKY BIODIVERZITY V SOUČASNÉ ČESKÉ ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ KRAJINĚ
(VILLAGE AS SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOPED BIOCENTERS AND RESERVOIRS OF BIODIVERSITY IN CONTEMPORARY CZECH RURAL LANDSCAPE)

Author(s):MICHAEL PONDĚLÍČEK, VLADIMÍRA ŠILHÁNKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Environmental Geography, Rural and urban sociology
Page Range:554-560
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:village; countryside; biocenter; biodiversity;
Summary/Abstract:Villages and their functions in the landscape have changed significantly, and the 21st century has brought with it a number of problems in the functioning of village settlements and the rural landscape. The aim of the paper is to analyze the role of the current village in the landscape and biodiversity in the landscape and to outline the possibilities of its functioning in this system and its further development. The work is processed mainly by means of the method of terrain and local surveys. The analysis shows that throughout the 20th century the possibilities of animal and plant move in the landscape decreased and diversity in the form of gardens, cemeteries, parks and other green formations was concentrated in settlements and their immediate vicinity. Contemporary villages and smaller towns have already had a relatively stabilized strip of greenery around them, which was created together with ensuring a quality environment (e.g., soundproofing or sun elimination). This, on the other hand, allowed animals that had not been common in settlements to move into villages. To our surprise, the villages become a treasure trove of biodiversity and the preservation of fragments of important habitats from previous stages of development. The care of intra-settlement greenery thus faces a new, as yet unknown, task - how to maintain and further develop this newly created biodiversity.

AGROEKOSYSTÉMOVÉ SLUŽBY NA SLOVENSKU

AGROEKOSYSTÉMOVÉ SLUŽBY NA SLOVENSKU
(AGROECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN SLOVAKIA)

Author(s):Petra Cisková
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:561-568
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Agroecosystem services; ecosystems; provisioning services; regulating services; cultural services;
Summary/Abstract:There are ecosystems in the soil that provide us with various services and functions that are irreplaceable for the human being. The soil value does not depend only on its economic benefits. The soil provides us with a variety of ecological functions that are essential for the stable environment in which we live. The aim of the paper is to assess the ability of agroecosystems to provide selected ecosystem services in the Slovak Republic. Based on selected indicators, we assess the current level of provisioning, regulating and cultural services provided by agroecosystems. Based on the assessment of the potential of agroecosystem services we create 6 indices. The main result of the paper is that the soil with high quality and potential of provisioning services in Slovakia provides a higher potential of regulating services such as water storage capacity, erosion, soil cleaning. In contrast, soil with a lower quality have a higher cultural and recreational potential.

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REGIONÁLNÍ A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ SOUVISLOSTI PLÁNOVANÉ VÝSTAVBY VYSOKORYCHLOSTNÍCH TRATÍ V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(REGIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF PLANNED CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED RAILS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

KOMPARACE METOD ANALÝZY RIZIK PRO HODNOCENÍ BEZPEČNOSTNÍCH HROZEB LOKALIT BROWNFIELDS
(COMPARISON OF RISK ANALYSIS METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF BROWNFIELDS SECURITY THREAT)

PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PRE-1989 AGRICULTURAL PREMISES: THE VYSOČINA REGION
(PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PRE-1989 AGRICULTURAL PREMISES: THE VYSOČINA REGION)

POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKE BROWNFIELDY V OKRESE ZLATÉ MORAVCE
(AGRICULTURAL BROWNFIELDS IN THE ZLATÉ MORAVCE DISTRICT)

SITUACE NEPRŮMYSLOVÝCH VENKOVSKÝCH BROWNFIELDS V PRŮBĚHU DESETI LET NA PŘÍKLADU OKRESU JINDŘICHŮV HRADEC
(THE SITUATION OF RURAL NON-INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELDS DURING TEN YEARS ON THE EXAMPLE OF JINDRICHUV HRADEC DISTRICT)

A MULTIVARIATE CROSS-NATIONAL EUROPEAN REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
(A MULTIVARIATE CROSS-NATIONAL EUROPEAN REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT)

FAKTORY OVPLYVŇUJÚCE MNOŽSTVO A ZLOŽENIE KOMUNÁLNYCH ODPADOV V NITRIANSKOM KRAJI
(FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AMOUNT AND COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE IN THE NITRA REGION)

POTENCIÁL PRE PESTOVANIE ENERGETICKÝCH PLODÍN - OBNOVITEĽNÉHO ZDROJA ENERGIE VO VYBRANÝCH REGIÓNOCH SLOVENSKA
(POTENTIAL FOR GROWING ENERGY CROPS- RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE IN SELECTED REGIONS OF SLOVAKIA)

PRIESTOROVÉ ASPEKTY VÝVOJA OSÍDLENIA NOVEJ BANE A ŽARNOVICE V KONTEXTE PRÍRODNÝCH A SOCIOEKONOMICKÝCH PODMIENOK
(SPATIAL ASPECTS OF SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT OF NOVÁ BAŇA AND ŽARNOVICA IN THE CONTEXT OF NATURAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS)

VESNICE JAKO SPONTÁNNĚ VZNIKLÁ BIOCENTRA A ZÁSOBNÍKY BIODIVERZITY V SOUČASNÉ ČESKÉ ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ KRAJINĚ
(VILLAGE AS SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOPED BIOCENTERS AND RESERVOIRS OF BIODIVERSITY IN CONTEMPORARY CZECH RURAL LANDSCAPE)

AGROEKOSYSTÉMOVÉ SLUŽBY NA SLOVENSKU
(AGROECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN SLOVAKIA)