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ANALÝZA REGIONÁLNEJ DISTRIBÚCIE MLADÝCH NEET NA SLOVENSKU

ANALÝZA REGIONÁLNEJ DISTRIBÚCIE MLADÝCH NEET NA SLOVENSKU
(ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF YOUNG NEETS IN SLOVAKIA)

Author(s):Miroslav Šipikal, Valéria Némethová
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Labor relations, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:9-16
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:NEET; young unemployment; spatial distribution of unemployment; Slovakia;
Summary/Abstract:The inactivity and unemployment of young people is a significant problem of development, which also has its spatial dimension. At the same time, this group is not homogeneous and requires different approaches to its activation. The aim of this contribution is to examine the spatial distribution of selected groups of young people based on data from the 2021 population census in Slovakia. At the same time, using correlation analysis, identify factors that could have an impact on the spatial occurrence of this group. The largest number of inactive young people is found in eastern Slovakia, while the rate of inactivity correlates mainly with the share of the Roma population. The results show that the young registered unemployed copy the unemployment rate of the districts and negatively average wage in the district, but the other individual groups of young people have a different spatial distribution.

KONVERGENCE A DIVERGENCE ČESKÝCH A SLOVENSKÝCH NUTS 2 REGIONŮ V RÁMCI EVROPSKÉ UNIE V OBDOBÍ 2010-2021

KONVERGENCE A DIVERGENCE ČESKÝCH A SLOVENSKÝCH NUTS 2 REGIONŮ V RÁMCI EVROPSKÉ UNIE V OBDOBÍ 2010-2021
(CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE OF CZECH AND SLOVAK NUTS 2 REGIONS WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN 2010-2021)

Author(s):Jiří Dušek, Štěpán Kavan
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Economic history, Economic development, Present Times (2010 - today), EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
Page Range:17-26
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:divergence; GDP; convergence; NUTS 2; region;
Summary/Abstract:The main objective of the paper is to assess the temporal and territorial convergence/divergence of the NUTS 2 regions of the EU with a focus on the Czech and Slovak NUTS 2 regions. The study is based on a comparison of NUTS 2 GDP per capita indicators. The source data is based on the Eurostat dataset Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant in % of the EU27 (from 2020) average) by NUTS 2 regions for the period 2010-2021. In this paper, GDP has been analysed only in terms of absolute or relative amounts, and other factors have not been taken into account. The results of the study demonstrate the heterogeneous development of Czech and Slovak NUTS 2 regions, where the example of Slovak regions shows a long-term gradual internal convergence of NUTS 2 regions, while in relation to other EU countries there is an external divergence, resulting in the second worst position in terms of GDP/cap. In the case of the Czech NUTS 2 regions, internal divergence has been identified, where individual regions are economically "moving away" from each other, unfortunately, the Czech Republic has been stagnating in the long term in relation to other EU countries.

CONDITIONAL CONVERGENCE, REGIONAL DISPARITIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. THE EVIDENCE FROM THE V4 REGIONS

CONDITIONAL CONVERGENCE, REGIONAL DISPARITIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. THE EVIDENCE FROM THE V4 REGIONS
(CONDITIONAL CONVERGENCE, REGIONAL DISPARITIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. THE EVIDENCE FROM THE V4 REGIONS)

Author(s):Martin Maris
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Regional Geography, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
Page Range:27-34
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:conditional convergence; convergence speed; regional cooperation; region; economic growth;
Summary/Abstract:The paper's main objective was an investigation of the hypothesis about conditional convergence among the V4 regions. For this purpose, cross-sectional data on the regional NUTS3 level were used for 2004-2020. The results found evidence about the conditional convergence, which should be a ground for the V4 becoming the entire convergence club within the EU. However, a more detailed analysis revealed persistent regional disparities among the regions. The Polish regions achieved the highest economic growth, and the Hungarian earned the lowest. The capital regions maintain their position as economic leaders. The V4 countries could strengthen their cross-border cooperation to help poorer regions overcome their marginal position.

VZDELANOSTNÁ ŠTRUKTÚRA OBYVATEĽOV SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY V OBDOBÍ 2001-2021

VZDELANOSTNÁ ŠTRUKTÚRA OBYVATEĽOV SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY V OBDOBÍ 2001-2021
(EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC IN THE PERIOD 2001-2021)

Author(s):RADOMÍRA HORNYÁK GREGÁŇOVÁ, DANA ORSZÁGHOVÁ
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Education, Social history, History of Education, Demography and human biology, Present Times (2010 - today), Sociology of Education
Page Range:35-42
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:educational structure; education; regions; Slovak Republic;
Summary/Abstract:The educational structure of the population of the Slovak Republic (SR) is a dynamic system that has been formed over many years and is constantly changing dynamically and will change in the future. The main goal of the contribution was to evaluate and compare changes in the educational structure in the regions of the Slovak Republic within the period 2001-2021, based on the data on the highest level of education achieved by inhabitants of the Slovak Republic. Research data were obtained from available results of the census of inhabitants, houses, and apartments in years 2001, 2011 and 2021. The comparative analysis of the data was carried out by descriptive methods of mathematical statistics using table and graphic presentation of results. Results showed that over the past twenty years, there has been a significant increase in the population of university-educated residents in Slovakia, the number of residents with primary education and with lower secondary education (GCE O Level) have decreased; the share of residents with the complete secondary education (GCE Advanced Level) has remained stable within the population development.

DŮCHODOVÝ SYSTÉM ČR: NAVOZOVÁNÍ SOCIÁLNÍHO SMÍRU NEBO KONFLIKTU?

DŮCHODOVÝ SYSTÉM ČR: NAVOZOVÁNÍ SOCIÁLNÍHO SMÍRU NEBO KONFLIKTU?
(THE PENSION SYSTEM OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC: INDUCING SOCIAL HARMONY OR CONFLICT?)

Author(s):Jiří Kraft
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Present Times (2010 - today), Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:43-50
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:old-age pensions; solidarity principle; equivalence principle; regions of the Czech Republic;
Summary/Abstract:The pension system is a very important social policy instrument of the state. An incorrectly set pension system, or one that does not respond sufficiently to the often contradictory developmental changes in its individual parameters, can cause social disharmony, not only between or within generations. The aim of this paper is to assess the regional aspect of the consequences of the current Czech pension system based on the principles of solidarity and equivalence. It seeks an answer to the question whether, from a regional perspective, the pension system is more likely to induce social harmony or to provoke conflict among regions. The starting point is an analysis of selected parameters of the pension system of the Czech Republic in the period 2010-2021, the results of which are followed by a regional analysis of average gross wages and average old-age pensions, including an assessment of the relationship between them, using normalized data for both indicators. Five types of positions of the Czech regions are identified in determining solidarity donors and solidarity recipients. At the same time, some points are pointed out that should not be overlooked in the context of pension reform, as they could be a source of social conflicts in the future.

THE LOCAL ALLOCATION OF EU FUNDS IN SLOVAKIA: DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESS IN PROJECT SUBMISSIONS IN 2014-2020

THE LOCAL ALLOCATION OF EU FUNDS IN SLOVAKIA: DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESS IN PROJECT SUBMISSIONS IN 2014-2020
(THE LOCAL ALLOCATION OF EU FUNDS IN SLOVAKIA: DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESS IN PROJECT SUBMISSIONS IN 2014-2020)

Author(s):Eva VÝROSTOVÁ, Tomáš Výrost
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics, Government/Political systems, Present Times (2010 - today), EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
Page Range:51-58
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:EU funds; local government; success rate determinants; political alignment; Slovakia;
Summary/Abstract:The objective of the paper is to identify the determinants of the success rate of submitted projects for European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) funding for municipalities in Slovakia in the 2014-2020 programming period. Regressors used in the created econometric model include proxies for project writing experience, municipalities' demographics, and financial indicators. In the model, we also use other characteristics: the share of projects that were submitted by female mayors of municipalities and the share of projects approved for a municipality whose mayor was supported in the previous elections by the parliamentary parties participating in the government between 2014 and 2020. Our results indicate that experience with submitting grants, the unemployment rate, the share of the population in productive age, debt per capita and affiliation to a political party, and women's leadership have a significant relationship with the success rate of municipal project proposals, although not always in the direction we expected.

ZHODNOTENIE ČERPANIA FINANČNÝCH PROSTRIEDKOV KOHÉZNEJ POLITIKY V PROGRAMOVOM OBDOBÍ 2014-2020 NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENSKA

ZHODNOTENIE ČERPANIA FINANČNÝCH PROSTRIEDKOV KOHÉZNEJ POLITIKY V PROGRAMOVOM OBDOBÍ 2014-2020 NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENSKA
(EVALUATION OF THE USE OF COHESION POLICY FUNDS IN THE 2014-2020 PROGRAM PERIOD ON THE TERRITORY OF SLOVAKIA)

Author(s):Romana Gašparíková
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Government/Political systems, Present Times (2010 - today), EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
Page Range:59-67
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:cohesion policy; European structural funds; program period 2014-2020; cohesion policy in Slovakia;
Summary/Abstract:In the 2014-2020 programming period, more than 392 operational programs (OP) and approx 1.5 million were financed from the cohesion policy (KP) within the EU of projects managed by approximately 500 000 project beneficiaries. The aim of the contribution is the analysis of the use of KP funds in the period 2014-2020 on the territory of Slovakia (SK) and the subsequent identification of the success of drawing funds from selected OPs and relevant thematic goals in the given program period according to the type of territory. To compare the data, methods of data analysis and synthesis were used from the EŠIF Open Data platform and the governing bodies of SK, where there is information on the allocation and use of financial resources in the EU member states in the years 2014-2020 based on more than 350 programs that are financed from the EU fund structures. The highest rate of drawing funds from EU funds within SK was in the OP Integrated Infrastructure (OP II). Depending on the type, the drawdown rate of individual OPs varied, and the possibility of drawdown rates from EU funds reached rural areas in the OP Environmental Quality, compared to large urban areas, where the highest allocation was in the OP II.

FINANČNÍ ASPEKTY REGIONÁLNÍCH ROZVOJOVÝCH PROJEKTŮ - KOUPALIŠTĚ A KOUPACÍ BIOTOPY

FINANČNÍ ASPEKTY REGIONÁLNÍCH ROZVOJOVÝCH PROJEKTŮ - KOUPALIŠTĚ A KOUPACÍ BIOTOPY
(FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS - OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOLS AND BATHING BIOTOPES)

Author(s):PETR HALÁMEK, Natálie Lacinová
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Economic development, Financial Markets, Public Finances
Page Range:68-74
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:regional development projects; financial analysis; investment costs; operational cash-flow; outdoor swimming pool; bathing biotopes;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the contribution is to verify the financial rentability of projects for the construction or modernization of public outdoor swimming pools. Verification of rentability is based on the identification of unit investment costs and the balance of operating cash-flows. The evaluation is processed for a set of 23 outdoor swimming pools in the South Moravian region. The least financially demanding solution appears to be the construction of swimming biotopes, which show the significantly lowest unit investment costs per unit of water area and the lowest operating costs. But also, the lowest unit income from entrance fees is related to this. Most swimming pools show a negative balance of operating cash-flow, a positive balance of operating cash-flow was identified only at 3 swimming pools. Even for these swimming pools, however, the payback period of invested investment funds significantly exceeds the reference period. Thus, all swimming pools are dependent on state aid in the investment phase, the majority also on operating subsidies.

REKULTIVACE JAKO PŘÍLEŽITOST PRO ZVÝŠENÍ RESILIENCE TRANSFORMUJÍCÍCH SE REGIONŮ

REKULTIVACE JAKO PŘÍLEŽITOST PRO ZVÝŠENÍ RESILIENCE TRANSFORMUJÍCÍCH SE REGIONŮ
(RECLAMATION AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO INCREASE THE RESILIENCE OF REGIONS IN TRANSITION)

Author(s):Jan Holub, Tomás Sýkora, Petr Hlaváček, Martin Domín
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Regional Geography, Public Administration, Economic development
Page Range:75-83
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:decarbonisation; transformation; reclamation; public administration;
Summary/Abstract:Europe is now at a time when coal is being actively phased out and the economy is ideally being transformed to a carbon-free one. These measures affect not only entire Member States in the European Union, but also, and most importantly, their regions and municipalities, and they directly affect the social sphere, which is most susceptible to social pathogens as a result of decarbonisation in coal regions. The aim of this paper is to identify the development processes of mining reclamation together with an assessment of the impacts on social transformation. In this paper, the collective of authors specify the processes that affect the future potential of the affected regions and identify the barriers that lead to a lack of regulatory and substantive coordination between different levels of government. Methodologically, representative indicators affecting the situation in the districts of Most and Ústí nad Labem were selected for the territorial analysis. The data were drawn from the CZSO and compared across the size levels of the territorial units. The districts of Most and Ústí nad Labem have experienced positive changes in education and unemployment since the beginning of the millennium. However, this trend is slower compared to the Czech Republic. In contrast, the regions have been population losers. Using the example of two reclaimed lakes in a brown coal region, the paper shows which decision-making processes most influence their function within the region. Finally, the article highlights the possibilities for the use of other areas in the Ústí nad Labem region, including in the context of a low-carbon Europe where lignite continues to be strip-mined.

SPRAVEDLIVÁ TRANSFORMACE JAKO CESTA K UDRŽITELNÉMU ROZVOJI REGIONŮ

SPRAVEDLIVÁ TRANSFORMACE JAKO CESTA K UDRŽITELNÉMU ROZVOJI REGIONŮ
(SPRAVEDLIVÁ TRANSFORMACE JAKO CESTA K UDRŽITELNÉMU ROZVOJI REGIONŮ)

Author(s):Vladimír Žítek, Viktorie Klímová
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Regional Geography, Labor relations, Economic development
Page Range:84-92
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:just transformation; Green Deal; coal regions; Just Transition Fund; labour market and employment; climate targets;
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the just transformation of regions. Climate targets set by the Green Deal may have a crucial impact on some of them. The European Union's effort to become a climate-neutral economy by 2050 could threaten regions dependent on fossil fuels and industries with high carbon emissions. The main focus of this paper is put on the Just Transition Fund, which is designed to help regions mitigate the mentioned negative impacts. The aim of the paper is to evaluate in which regions the transformation will have the biggest impact in terms of the affected jobs and how the budget of the Just Transition Fund is allocated to individual states. Data from the European Commission and statistical information collected by the Joint Research Center and Eurostat are mainly used for the analysis. If the impact of the transformation is expressed in the number of jobs, the transformation will most affect the Polish regions of Śląskie and Łódzkie, the Romanian Sud-Vest Oltenia, the Bulgarian Yugoiztochen and the Czech Severozápad. At the national level, the transformation will most affect Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Romania and Bulgaria. The same countries will also receive the most funding from the Just Transition Fund.

PŘESHRANIČNÍ DOJÍŽĎKA ZA PRACÍ Z ČR DO NĚMECKA

PŘESHRANIČNÍ DOJÍŽĎKA ZA PRACÍ Z ČR DO NĚMECKA
(CROSS-BORDER COMMUTING TO WORK FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC TO GERMANY)

Author(s):VÁCLAV NOVÁK
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Labor relations, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:93-100
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:labor market; commuting to work; Czech-German borderland;
Summary/Abstract:The contribution analyzes the development of cross-border commuting to work from the Czech Republic to Germany in the context of the situation on the Czech labor market. Employment policy is one of the most important policies of the Government of the Czech Republic. It solves current problems on the Czech labor market. However, it does not reflect the issue of cross-border movement of labor force from the Czech Republic abroad. The question therefore arises whether commuting to the German border is only a marginal task. Or whether it is a escalating phenomenon with the potential to significantly threaten the labor market of the source country. For the analysis, secondary data on employment obtained according to the united methodology of Eurostat was used. It was therefore possible to compare data in a cross-border geographical area. Data from the Federal Labor Office on commuting to work do not include self-employed persons. This methodological insufficiency does not affect the results of the analysis. The volume of cross-border commuting for work from the Czech Republic to Germany has increased several times over the last decade. It is clear that it affects the situation on the regional labor markets of the Czech border regions. There is a potential for continuous dynamic development, to which the Czech employment policy should respond.

MULTIKRITERIÁLNÍ HODNOCENÍ ÚČELNOSTI VÝSTAVBY VYSOKORYCHLOSTNÍCH ŽELEZNICE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

MULTIKRITERIÁLNÍ HODNOCENÍ ÚČELNOSTI VÝSTAVBY VYSOKORYCHLOSTNÍCH ŽELEZNICE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED RAILWAYS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Milan Viturka
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Methodology and research technology, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:101-109
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:high-speed rail; multi-criteria analysis; optimization scenarios;
Summary/Abstract:The main goal of this article is to present the results of evaluation of feasibility of the construction of high-speed rails in the Czech Republic. In this context, an original methodology of multi-criteria analysis of transport infrastructure projects was created, including the criteria of integration, relevance, usefulness, stimulation and sustainability. On the basis of its application, practically usable information was obtained, enabling a comprehensive focused comparison of the four main planned high-speed rails in conditions of objective uncertainty about future benefits and risks. The route connecting Prague with Brno and Ostrava (with a crossborder connection with Polish Katowice) was evaluated as the most useful. The knowledge gained is then discussed from the point of view of the most important stakeholders through relevant scenarios, i.e. investor, business and citizen scenarios. Overall, it can be stated that the used evaluation methodology puts the main emphasis on potential production of positive externalities and minimization of adverse impacts generated by the implementation of the given projects.

METROPOLITNÍ SVAZEK JAKO FAKTOR ZVÝŠENÍ EFEKTIVITY URBÁNNÍHO ROZVOJE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

METROPOLITNÍ SVAZEK JAKO FAKTOR ZVÝŠENÍ EFEKTIVITY URBÁNNÍHO ROZVOJE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(THE METROPOLITAN UNIT AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Josef Kunc, Petr Šašinka, Markéta Novotná, Petr Tonev, Zdeněk Dvořák, Soňa Raszková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Public Law, Rural and urban sociology, Economic development
Page Range:110-115
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:institutionalization; functional urban regions; Brno metropolitan area;
Summary/Abstract:The paper reflects the results of the research project TA ČR METROSPOL, which focused on organizational anchoring of metropolitan cooperation in the Czech Republic. It aims to present the functions and legal forms of the so-called metropolitan unit and evaluate the importance of this institution responsible for harmonious metropolitan area development. It is methodologically based on the results of partial investigations related to the metropolitan areas, inter-settlement relations, and intermunicipal cooperation. The project with a mixed research design used standard methods of scientific work such as inductive-deductive methods, methods of analogy, synthesis, and generalization. The metropolitan unit was defined as a specific legal entity under public law based on the core city, municipalities in the hinterland, and the role of the region. Given the need for the special legal regulation of intermunicipal cooperation in agglomerations, the unit appears to be the most suitable form of institutionalization of metropolitan cooperation in the long term.

INSTITUCIONALIZACE METROPOLITNÍCH REGIONŮ V NĚMECKU A VE FRANCII VE VZÁJEMNÉM SROVNÁNÍ

INSTITUCIONALIZACE METROPOLITNÍCH REGIONŮ V NĚMECKU A VE FRANCII VE VZÁJEMNÉM SROVNÁNÍ
(THE INSTITUTIONALISATION METROPOLITAN REGIONS IN GERMANY AND FRANCE IN COMPARISON WITH EACH OTHER)

Author(s):Jiří Ježek
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Governance, Rural and urban sociology, Economic development
Page Range:116-124
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:metropolitan governance; institutional development; inter-municipal cooperation; France; Germany;
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with identifying the circumstances of the emergence and development of metropolitan governance in Germany and France (two key EU countries with different administrative and political cultures) and to highlight both the advantages and the problems and limits of each solution. It draws on a study of German and French literary sources and interviews with German and French colleagues. The stability of the German institutional framework contrasts with the many administrative reforms in France over the last fifty years. French regions have a limited capacity for action compared to German federal states. The key actors in metropolitan governance are municipalities and cities in Germany and inter-municipal structures in France. In Germany, this is an evolutionarily slow, bottom-up process, gradually responding to emerging challenges and events, whereas in France, metropolitan governments have been institutionalised in a top-down manner. The emergence and development of metropolitan governance is a difficult process, hindered and resisted by established sub-national power structures. As the French experience in particular shows, there is a long and thorny road from theoretical vision (political legitimacy, a high degree of autonomy and relevant territorial delimitation) to practical implementation.

AGGLOMERATION AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES AS A BASE FOR AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER FORMATION IN THE NITRA REGION

AGGLOMERATION AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES AS A BASE FOR AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER FORMATION IN THE NITRA REGION
(AGGLOMERATION AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES AS A BASE FOR AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER FORMATION IN THE NITRA REGION)

Author(s):LUKÁŠ VARECHA
Language:English
Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Regional Geography, Economic development
Page Range:125-132
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:automotive cluster; spatial concentration; innovation activities;
Summary/Abstract:The automotive industry has been one of the major contributors to the growth of the Central and Eastern European economies. The paper aims to evaluate the potential of automotive cluster formation in the Nitra region based on spatial agglomeration of automotive industries and innovation activities performed by firms located in the Nitra region. We analyse relative and spatial concentration of automotive, including its suppliers. Analysis of the innovative activities was based on questionnaires/interviews with representatives of automotive companies. Results show that firms that are potentially part of the automotive industry are highly concentrated mainly in the northern part of the Nitra region, and its position has strengthened. LISA indicators show that the northern part of the Nitra region is part of a hot spot of high concentration of automotive. In the case of innovative activities, those were implemented mainly in cooperation with foreign organizations, not with Slovak organisations. In the case of foreign firms, these activities are carried out primarily in research and development centres of parent companies abroad and not in Slovakia. We conclude that the emerging cluster is still immature. It is in the initial stage of forming cooperation with public institutions and establishing cooperation between companies.

EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF INNOVATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NORDIC AND WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF INNOVATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NORDIC AND WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
(EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF INNOVATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NORDIC AND WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES)

Author(s):Ramil Namazov, Leyla Shahvaladova
Language:English
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Labor relations, Human Resources in Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:133-139
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:R&D; science and technology; patent; Nordic countries; Western European countries;
Summary/Abstract:The study aims to employ a comparative analysis of various indicators such as R&D expenditure, patent applications, human resources in R&D, and employment in high-tech sectors to identify similarities and differences in innovation performance between the two groups of countries: the Nordic countries (Finland and Sweden) and Western European countries (Netherlands and Belgium). The researchers collected data from Eurostat to conduct the analysis. The methodology used a comparative approach to identify notable trends or differences between the Nordic and Western European regions based on results from innovation indicators. While the researchers were able to present data on human resources in science and technology (HRST) and the percentage of employment in high-tech sectors for NUTS 2 regions, other two indicators gross domestic expenditure on R&D and patent applications are analyzed from country perspective due to the lack of data available for some regions. Nonetheless, using indicators for both country and NUTS 2 provides valuable insights into the innovation performance from both a country and regional perspective. The study finds that Nordic countries generally perform better in terms of innovation indicators in high sectors compared to the other Western European countries.

ŠPECIFIKÁ CHEMICKÉHO PRIEMYSLU V NITRIANSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI

ŠPECIFIKÁ CHEMICKÉHO PRIEMYSLU V NITRIANSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI
(SPECIFICS OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN THE NITRA SELF-GOVERNING REGION)

Author(s):Miroslava Trembošová, Nina Machová
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Regional Geography
Page Range:140-148
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:chemical industry; localization factors; Duslo a.s.; Nitrian self-governing region;
Summary/Abstract:The chemical industry has an important position within Slovakia. In 2022, total industrial production reached 10% of Slovakia's GDP, which according to Sario (2022) is 7.79 billion. €. On the territory of the Slovak Republic, it is concentrated exclusively in cities with a developed transport infrastructure. The aim of the paper is an idiographic analysis of the spatial relations of chemical industry subjects in the Nitra self-governing region with regard to selected localization factors, i.e. transport infrastructure, raw materials and settlements. In relation to the selected location factors, it is evident that all enterprises are located in cities, to a greater extent in mediumsized cities, near oil pipelines, gas pipelines and railway lines. Duslo a.s. is a leading chemical company of international importance. Among its most important partners are the advanced Western European countries of Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands, as well as Russia. The war in Ukraine caused the termination of these relations and the transfer to other markets. According to the growth rate, the most important market is in the category of technical products with the Netherlands, France, Spain as well as Hungary. In rubber products, the highest export is to the Czech Republic and Belgium.

VÝVOJ A PROGNÓZA POČTU PODNIKOV V REGIÓNOCH SLOVENSKA

VÝVOJ A PROGNÓZA POČTU PODNIKOV V REGIÓNOCH SLOVENSKA
(DEVELOPMENT AND FORECAST OF THE NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES IN THE REGIONS OF SLOVAKIA)

Author(s):Milan Fila, Michal Levický
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Regional Geography, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Economic development
Page Range:149-156
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:entrepreneurship; SME; number of enterprises; regional disparities;
Summary/Abstract:The development of the number of enterprises is of great importance for economic growth, job creation, resistance to crises or productivity growth. The aim of the article is prediction and a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the number of enterprises in Slovakia and its regions. In addition to general theoretical scientific methods, we used time analysis methods. We forecasted the number of enterprises using a linear trend. We monitored the intensity of differences in the development of the number of enterprises in the regions of Slovakia through the coefficient of variation. The main results show that the number of enterprises in Slovakia has been growing for a long time. The largest part is made up of small and medium-sized enterprises, while most of them are long-term concentrated in the capital and the surrounding area. The remaining regions have been lagging behind for a long time, and the dynamics of business growth does not reach the level necessary to mitigate regional disparities compared to the Bratislava self-governing region. The least favorable situation is in the Prešov self-governing region, where in the last ten years the number of micro-enterprises has grown, while the growth of medium-sized enterprises has been significantly slower.

APLIKACE METOD VÍCEKRITERIÁLNÍHO ROZHODOVÁNÍ V OBLASTI LOKALIZACE MALOOBCHODNÍCH JEDNOTEK NA ÚZEMÍ MĚSTA BRNA

APLIKACE METOD VÍCEKRITERIÁLNÍHO ROZHODOVÁNÍ V OBLASTI LOKALIZACE MALOOBCHODNÍCH JEDNOTEK NA ÚZEMÍ MĚSTA BRNA
(APPLICATION OF MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING METHODS IN THE AREA OF LOCALIZATION OF RETAIL UNITS IN THE CITY OF BRNO)

Author(s):Klára Charvátová
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Rural and urban sociology
Page Range:157-165
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:multi-criteria decision-making methods; localization; retail; shopping centres; city of Brno;
Summary/Abstract:Localization is one of the key factors influencing the success of retail units. A well-chosen location can significantly increase the attractiveness of a given retail unit and consequently its profitability. However, the decision on location is very complex, as it involves the evaluation of many factors. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to compare and analyze multiple factors that are relevant for the decision on the location of a retail unit in shopping centres in the city of Brno, using multi-criteria decision-making methods. At the beginning of the research, individual criteria, including their weights, were determined. Three approaches using cardinal information on the alternatives according to each criterion (weighted sum method, basic variant method, and TOPSIS method) were used for the calculation. In addition, one approach requiring ordinal information on the alternatives according to each criterion (ranking method) was used. These methods allowed to systematically compare and evaluate multiple criteria related to the location of a retail unit simultaneously and to determine the ranking of shopping centres in Brno in terms of their attractiveness. It was found that the most attractive shopping centre in terms of retail unit location is the Galerie Vaňkovka shopping and community centre, followed by the Olympia shopping and entertainment centre.

ANALÝZA ORGANIZAČNÝCH MODELOV ALTERNATÍVNYCH POTRAVINOVÝCH SIETÍ VO VIDIECKOMESTSKOM ROZHRANÍ

ANALÝZA ORGANIZAČNÝCH MODELOV ALTERNATÍVNYCH POTRAVINOVÝCH SIETÍ VO VIDIECKOMESTSKOM ROZHRANÍ
(AN ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS OF ALTERNATIVE FOOD NETWORKS IN THE RURAL-URBAN INTERFACE)

Author(s):Lucia Laginová, Jana Jarábková, Michal Hrivnák, Peter Moritz
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Agriculture, Rural and urban sociology
Page Range:166-173
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:short food supply chains; alternative food chains; rural-urban interface;
Summary/Abstract:With the growing interest in short food chains from farmers, consumers, private and public institutions around the world, it proves that it is necessary to look for alternative food systems which are able to provide some of the "requirements" that the traditional short food chain does not currently meet. Alternative food networks (AFN) are local food systems and networks with short supply chains replacing global food systems. They are often located at the interface between the countryside and the city and, as a result of the high effort towards innovative network organization, they have different forms. As the demand for locally sourced, sustainable food continues to grow, alternative food networks have emerged as a promising solution to connect small producers with urban consumers. The aim of the case study is to find out the organizational models of alternative food networks in Europe and to identify the specific parameters of these networks using case studies. Another goal of the study is to identify and describe food initiatives on the territory of the Slovak Republic based on available sources. To achieve these goals, it was necessary to conduct a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Content analysis has the task of mapping alternative food chains and proving that these chains can be a suitable way for short food chains. The findings show that alternative food networks have the potential to support a food system that is more sustainable and equitable. However, the success of these networks depends on how well they can work at the urban-rural interface.

POTENCIÁL PRÍRODNÉHO KAPITÁLU POSKYTOVAŤ PRODUKČNÉ EKOSYSTÉMOVÉ SLUŽBY V REGIÓNOCH SR

POTENCIÁL PRÍRODNÉHO KAPITÁLU POSKYTOVAŤ PRODUKČNÉ EKOSYSTÉMOVÉ SLUŽBY V REGIÓNOCH SR
(THE POTENTIAL OF NATURAL CAPITAL TO PROVIDE PROVISIONING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN SLOVAK REGIONS)

Author(s):Jarmila Makovníková, Boris PÁLKA, Stanislav Kološta, Filip Flaška
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Political Ecology, Environmental interactions, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:174-181
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:provisioning ecosystem services; assessment; evaluation; potential;
Summary/Abstract:Provisioning ecosystem services are directly related to people's living standards, and their degradation reduces the quality of human well-being. Evaluation and mapping the individual ecosystem services is one of the main objectives of the Biodiversity Strategy 2030 within the EU. The aim of the paper is to provide an alternative perspective on the evaluation and assessment of the potential of natural capital to provide provisioning ecosystem services in four model regions of the Slovak Republic with diverse natural and geographical characteristics. The evaluation was based on the cartographic layer of ecosystems in model districts and a modified matrix of ecosystem services. The Brezno and Michalovce regions had a significantly higher point and monetary value of the potential of the region's natural capital to provide provisioning ecosystem services.

DOPAD KLIMATICKÝCH ZMIEN NA VINOHRADNÍCTVO NITRIANSKEHO KRAJA – PREDIKCIE VÝVOJA A TERÉNNY VÝSKUM

DOPAD KLIMATICKÝCH ZMIEN NA VINOHRADNÍCTVO NITRIANSKEHO KRAJA – PREDIKCIE VÝVOJA A TERÉNNY VÝSKUM
(THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE VITICULTURE OF THE NITRA REGION – PREDICTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND FIELD RESEARCH)

Author(s):Jana Némethová, Filip Krajči
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic development, Environmental interactions
Page Range:182-190
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:climate changes; winemaking entities; Nitra Region;
Summary/Abstract:Ongoing global climate changes bring new challenges for the viticulture sector as well. The aim of the paper was to explore the impact of climate change on viticulture in the Nitra Region, using the prediction of the average annual air temperature and total atmospheric precipitation for the years 2050 and 2080 under a moderate emission scenario (RCP4.5) and the results of field research. We applied statistical-mathematical methods to the processing of statistical data. When comparing multi-year and annual climatic phenomena, we used the historicalgeographical, comparative, and cartographic method. After applying the emission scenario to the Nitra Region in the forecast years 2050 and 2080, the expected increase in the average annual air temperature was confirmed and we found a reduction in the difference in total precipitation in areas with different altitudes. 29 winemaking entities of the region perceive the current impacts of climate change as a lower amount of precipitation and a drier climate, and 22 entities as higher air temperatures and the amount of sunshine. Each entity solves climate change problems differently, e.g. by harvesting grapes earlier, by increasing protection against a higher incidence of diseases and pests, or they started growing vine varieties resistant to higher temperatures and drought.

TOWARDS INCLUSIVE PROSPERITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES USING THE TRANSITIONING PERFORMANCE INDEX

TOWARDS INCLUSIVE PROSPERITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES USING THE TRANSITIONING PERFORMANCE INDEX
(TOWARDS INCLUSIVE PROSPERITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES USING THE TRANSITIONING PERFORMANCE INDEX)

Author(s):Rashidatu Bassabi
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic history, Economic development, Present Times (2010 - today), EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
Page Range:191-198
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:sustainability performance; inclusive development; Transitioning performance index;
Summary/Abstract:The need to assess sustainable processes and states is a driving assumption for the paper, having as an objective to explore the assessment model of the Transitioning Performance Index by the European Union. The purpose is to analyze for 24 out of the EU-27 countries for the year 2020 using multivariate, the distribution of performance within the 37 indicators used for the estimation of the transitioning performance index. The results produced 24 principal components of which the first 8 accounted for 89 percent cumulative variation and 10 accounted for 93 percent. The 24 countries selected were further classified into 4 groups based on the PCA results and the observable correlations between the original variables and the PCA were also determined. The results showed that the main indicators and the new PCA could be used as policy and decision-making guidelines for individual countries to determine strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for inclusive and sustainable development initiatives and programmes.

VZNIK SOCIÁLNYCH INOVÁCIÍ V KONTEXTE FORMOVANIA INOVAČNÝCH SOCIÁLNYCH KLASTROV

VZNIK SOCIÁLNYCH INOVÁCIÍ V KONTEXTE FORMOVANIA INOVAČNÝCH SOCIÁLNYCH KLASTROV
(THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF INNOVATIVE SOCIAL CLUSTERS)

Author(s):Michal Hrivnák, Peter Moritz, Lucia Laginová, Jana Jarábková
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:199-207
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:grassroots communities; communities; social innovation; social clusters; cross-sector cooperation;
Summary/Abstract:Grassroots initiatives represent various formalized institutions emerging from the initiative of active local communities, in order to address local challenges or global challenges at the local level. Based on theory and existing empirical results, they can be considered as important social innovators who capitalize the resources of civic communities and the knowledge accumulated through the rich cross-sectoral ties in order to generate new, socially beneficial products and services. The contribution focuses on the evaluation of the importance of crosssectoral ties for the introduction of innovative products and services with a public-beneficial character by grassroots initiatives. The influence of the breadth of inter-sector networks on social innovation is investigated using econometric tools. In the case of specific 5 social innovators, we demonstrate the formation of social innovation clusters and compare their sectoral composition. The results indicate that grassroots initiatives manage to introduce social innovations mainly due to the accumulation of experience, human capital and inter-sectoral cooperation.

ANALÝZA SOCIÁLNÍHO PODNIKÁNÍ V JIHOMORAVSKÉM KRAJI

ANALÝZA SOCIÁLNÍHO PODNIKÁNÍ V JIHOMORAVSKÉM KRAJI
(AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION)

Author(s):Tereza LELKOVÁ, Tereza Děcká, Lucie Herbočková, Petr Tonev
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Regional Geography, Economic development, Environmental interactions
Page Range:208-216
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:social entrepreneurship; social economy; sustainable local development;
Summary/Abstract:Research on the social economy shows that social entrepreneurship can be an important tool for balancing sustainable social and environmental development with economic growth. In recent years, therefore, social entrepreneurship has been gaining popularity among both socially (and environmentally) responsible entrepreneurs and policy-makers. The aim of the paper is twofold: firstly, to quantify, analyse and assess the scale and structure of social entrepreneurship in the South Moravian Region, and secondly, to highlight its importance in terms of sustainable local development. The database of social enterprises was created based on the analysis of the Social Enterprise Directory, the Social Enterprises Chamber and the list of beneficiaries of EU funding in the period 2014-2020, and a manual search. The identified entities are classified according to their legal form, number of employees, turnover, predominant economic activity and year of establishment. The positive impacts of social entrepreneurship on sustainable local development are then illustrated by case studies of two selected social enterprises. A total of 98 establishments of social enterprises were found. The economic activities are very diverse and cover almost all industries. The case studies suggest that social enterprises have great potential to become full-fledged actors of sustainable development at the local level.

CHANGES IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE REGIONS OF SLOVAKIA

CHANGES IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE REGIONS OF SLOVAKIA
(CHANGES IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE REGIONS OF SLOVAKIA)

Author(s):Viera Papcunova, Jarmila Hudáková, Roman Vavrek, Ingrid Varešinská
Language:English
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Welfare systems, Health and medicine and law, Welfare services
Page Range:217-225
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:health facilities; hospitals; ambulances; regions of Slovakia;
Summary/Abstract:The health systems of individual countries differ not only in terms of organizational security, but also in terms of financing. Significant changes in the healthcare system began to be implemented in Slovakia after 1989, when healthcare services became mixed goods from purely public goods. In practice, this meant the entry of the private sector into the field of providing health services. The aim of the article is to evaluate the development in the field of healt facilities in the regions of Slovakia on the basis of selected indicators. On the basis of the analysis of secondary data obtained from the Statistical office of the Slovak Republic for the period 2000-2021, it emerged that there were significant changes in the number of health facilities in individual regions in 2009, also as a result of legislative changes regarding the location and scope of these facilities. At the level of Slovakia, in 2021, compared to the year 2000, the number of health facilities increased by 20%, but the number of health workers increased only slightly by 0.6%.

CAPACITY AVAILABILITY OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

CAPACITY AVAILABILITY OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
(CAPACITY AVAILABILITY OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES)

Author(s):Ivana Vaňková, Iveta Vrabková
Language:English
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Welfare systems, Health and medicine and law, Welfare services
Page Range:226-233
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:availability; Mental health; Psychiatric care; Region; TOPSIS Technique;
Summary/Abstract:The concept of psychiatric care was formulated already in 2000. In 2013, this original concept was revised under the name of the Strategy for the Reform of Psychiatric Care, the main goal of which is the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care, the provision and increase of ambulatory and acute inpatient care capacities. The aim of the article is to evaluate regional differences in the capacity availability of psychiatric care in the regions of the Czech yoRepublic for the years 2012 and 2021. To evaluate the availability of psychiatric care capacities in the regions of the Czech Republic, the TOPSIS Technique was used within two models, M1 and M2. The models differed in the set weight of individual criteria. The results show that the best availability of psychiatric care capacities was in the capital city of Prague, followed by the Pilsen Region and the Vysočina Region. Conversely, the worst rated regions in terms of capacity availability include the Central Bohemian Region and the Zlín Region. Within the monitored years (2012, 2021), there was an improvement in the availability of capacities in all regions of the Czech Republic, with the exception of the Olomouc region.

VÝVOJ SUBURBÁNNEJ ZÓNY MESTA NITRA ZA OBDOBIE POSLEDNÝCH 20 ROKOV

VÝVOJ SUBURBÁNNEJ ZÓNY MESTA NITRA ZA OBDOBIE POSLEDNÝCH 20 ROKOV
(THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBURBAN ZONE OF THE NITRA CITY OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS)

Author(s):Gabriela Repaska, Katerina Vilinova
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Rural and urban sociology, Economic development
Page Range:234-244
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:suburbanization; Nitra city; suburban zone; rural municipalities;
Summary/Abstract:In Nitra suburban zone, new residential complexes as well as new commercial zones are springing up. The aim of the paper is the analysis of the development of the suburbanization of Nitra city in the last two decades from 2001 to 2020, the evaluation of its expansion based on the gradual migration of the population from the Nitra city to rural municipalities, as well as the rural municipalities growth affected by suburbanization. In the paper were used standard geographic methods focused on several suburbanization indicators: emigration of population from the city, migration balance, population development but the key indicator was the proportion of immigrants into a rural municipality from Nitra city of the total number of immigrants into a given rural municipality. This proportion of immigrants from the Nitra city reaches higher values than the proportion of immigrants from other directions. From a comparison of the results, it can be seen that at the beginning of the monitored period there was an increase in the number of municipalities in the suburban zone (23), but at the same time, at the end of the monitored period from 2016 to 2020, there was also a decrease in municipalities in this zone (13).

SUBURBÁNNÍ TLAK HL. M. PRAHY NA OBCE V CHKO ČESKÝ KRAS

SUBURBÁNNÍ TLAK HL. M. PRAHY NA OBCE V CHKO ČESKÝ KRAS
(SUBURBAN PRESSURE OF THE CAPITAL CITY PRAGUE TO MUNICIPALITIES IN THE CZECH KARST PLA)

Author(s):MICHAEL PONDĚLÍČEK, VLADIMÍRA ŠILHÁNKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Rural and urban sociology, Environmental interactions
Page Range:245-252
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:suburbanization; Protected Landscape Area; Czech Karst PLA; Prague;
Summary/Abstract:In the last 30 years, the Czech Karst PLA has been increasingly threatened by suburbanization and its negative influence due to the large influence of Prague. The aim of the article is, based on the analysis of statistical data, to evaluate the increase in the number of inhabitants of municipalities on the eastern edge of the Czech Karst PLA in connection with suburbanisation trends created by low housing construction in the capital. As part of the research in the part of the PLA adjacent to Prague, the population of seven municipalities increased by 1680 people between 1992 and 2022, that is, 61.5%. In the period 2001-2011, the number of new houses also increased disproportionately, by 772 houses, that is, by 101.6%). Most new houses are in the villages of Třebotov and Karlík. From the number of houses compared to the number of inhabitants with permanent residence in the municipality, it is evident that there are at least 20% of people who live within the PLA, have real estate but are not registered here. This confirms both the strong negative impact of suburbanisation in social and environmental areas and the negative impact on sustainable development and local quality of life.

EKONOMICKÉ, SOCIÁLNÍ A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ DOPADY ROZVOJE MĚSTA NA PŘÍKLADU MĚSTA KUŘIM

EKONOMICKÉ, SOCIÁLNÍ A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ DOPADY ROZVOJE MĚSTA NA PŘÍKLADU MĚSTA KUŘIM
(ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CITY DEVELOPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY KUŘIM)

Author(s):Jaroslava Hédlová, Dominika Tóthová
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Human Ecology, Rural and urban sociology, Economic development, Environmental interactions, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:253-261
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:territorial development; sustainable development; Kuřim;
Summary/Abstract:Some smaller cities in the Czech Republic are undergoing significant territorial development. However, the rapid growth of the city, in combination with socio-economic changes, leads to substantial pressure on the city's economy, residents and the environment. Therefore, in further developing the territory, emphasis must be placed on its sustainable development. Using the example of Kuřim, this article shows what effect its growth can bring. Currently, the construction of a new residential district of Záhoří is taking place, the completion of which will cause a rapid increase in the number of inhabitants in Kuřim. The paper's main goal is to evaluate the impact of its planned development in the following years based on the analysis of the current situation in the city of Kuřim. This evaluation is based on the fundamental pillars of sustainable development, i.e. economic, social and environmental. The newly built residential complex will create a new public space in the city, which will function as an independent unit. The land will be taken economically during construction, and the necessary civic amenities will be created. Due to the geographical proximity of the city of Brno, the current high offer of jobs and the creation of new ones, the unemployment rate is not expected to increase.

HISTORICKÝ A URBANISTICKÝ VÝVOJ MESTA BANSKÁ BYSTRICA A JEHO REFLEXIA V ULIČNEJ NOMENKLATÚRE

HISTORICKÝ A URBANISTICKÝ VÝVOJ MESTA BANSKÁ BYSTRICA A JEHO REFLEXIA V ULIČNEJ NOMENKLATÚRE
(THE HISTORICAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF BANSKÁ BYSTRICA AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE STREET NOMENCLATURE)

Author(s):Jozef Petrikovič, Lucia Petrikovicova, Henrich Grežo, František Petrovič
Language:Slovak
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Economic history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Rural and urban sociology
Page Range:262-270
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:urbanonymy; urban space; religiosity; political situation; Banská Bystrica;
Summary/Abstract:As part of urban toponymy, urbanonyms are subject to constant changes. Until the end of the 19th century, they mainly served an orientation function within the city. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, they became an effective tool for political propaganda The aim of the contribution is the historical-urbanistic development of the city of Banská Bystrica in the context of the development of street names in its historical core. In the article, we used the historical-geographical method to identify certain trends in the naming of streets and squares. We consider it one of the most important methods used in this type of work, as it has been applied on several levels. The result of the analysis is a historical overview of the development and changes in street names and their names for the period from 1918 to the present. Socially unmotivated street names prevail in Banská Bystrica. Thus, the city mainly used local and historical names when naming and renaming streets. It was mainly influenced by the changing political situation. Despite this, the art and culture category has the largest representation, with the writer's names dominating street names.

VLIV TEXTILNÍHO PRŮMYSLU NA POPULAČNÍ VÝVOJ VE VYBRANÝCH EVROPSKÝCH MĚSTECH

VLIV TEXTILNÍHO PRŮMYSLU NA POPULAČNÍ VÝVOJ VE VYBRANÝCH EVROPSKÝCH MĚSTECH
(TEXTILE INDUSTRY INFLUENCE ON POPULATION TRENDS IN SELECTED EUROPEAN CITIES)

Author(s):Kateřina Důbravová, Michaela NEUMANNOVÁ, Josef Kunc
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Rural and urban sociology, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:271-279
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:textile industry; population trends; Manchester; Łódź; Brno;
Summary/Abstract:The paper analyses and discusses development trajectories of the textile industry in selected European cities where textiles have played a decisive role in influencing socio-economic and urban development as well as population changes. The British city of Manchester is recognized as the birthplace of cotton manufacturing in Europe and served as an example for building textile factories in other European cities that were later also called ʻManchesterʼ. The research paper identifies key moments of textile industry development in Manchester, Łódź and Brno. Case studies are linked by historical context, appropriate location, the importance of textile production in city development and population growth followed by depopulation of the core city. The results show that the textile industry has had a very significant impact on the cities analysed in terms of the economy, social environment and population changes. Both Manchester and Brno were identified as relatively successful in transition to modern post-industrial cities. In contrast, Łódź as a city almost completely dependent on a single industry is beginning to cope with the textile industry decline through brownfield regeneration and urban change, but very robust shrinkage in the cityʼs population size, which is also reflected in economic development, is still a major problem.

UDRŽITELNOST A ZODPOVĚDNOST – NEZBYTNOST SOUČASNÉHO I BUDOUCÍHO CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU

UDRŽITELNOST A ZODPOVĚDNOST – NEZBYTNOST SOUČASNÉHO I BUDOUCÍHO CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU
(SUSTAINABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY - A NECESSITY FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE TOURISM)

Author(s):Iveta Hamarneh, Petr Jeřábek, Olga Soboleva
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism, Business Ethics
Page Range:280-289
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:questionnaire survey; structured interviews; corporate social responsibility; sustainable business;
Summary/Abstract:Entities in tourism seek an economic, social, and environmental balance to satisfy investors, employees, and customers. However, the transformation toward sustainable tourism is accompanied by challenges. The submitted contribution aims to determine how companies in the field of tourism in the Czech Republic perceive content of the concept of sustainability and whether they implement or plan to include specific projects to support sustainability within their activities. The primary research was conducted in 2021-2022. Only half of the respondents correctly understand content of the concept of corporate social responsibility, and 63 % of respondents correctly understand the concept of sustainable business. The evaluation of the research hypotheses showed that understanding the content of the idea of sustainable business and awareness of the Green Deal for Europe is independent of the age of the respondents. The implementation of CSR activities is independent of the size of the company or the field in which the company operates. Specific sustainable activities implemented by companies in tourism include sorting waste, supporting local production, using gentle cleaning products, or implementing energy-saving technologies. The main obstacles to implementing sustainability strategies are financial and time demands, little information, and partial support from the state and the European Union.

DESTINACE – TURISTICKÝ REGION VS. ADMINISTRATIVNÍ JEDNOTKA

DESTINACE – TURISTICKÝ REGION VS. ADMINISTRATIVNÍ JEDNOTKA
(DESTINATION – TOURIST REGION VS. ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT)

Author(s):Andrea Holešinská, Martin Šauer
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Management and complex organizations, Economic development, Tourism
Page Range:290-297
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:destination; tourist region; destination management organisation (DMO); tourism regionalization;
Summary/Abstract:The paper is about defining tourist regions. The types of regions (homogeneous, nodal, planning/administrative) and corresponding approaches to tourism regionalization are presented. These approaches are compared with each other based on the criterion of tourism performance. The number of overnight stays of tourists in collective accommodation establishments is the key tourism performance indicator, which represents the size of the purchasing power of tourism in a curtain region. The findings show that the analysed approaches in some cases very significantly influence the current tourism performance. These disproportions are evident especially in the case of administratively defined "tourist" regions. The aim of this paper is to identify criteria for complex competitive tourist regions. As a result, the complexity of the region is in the connection of the territory's potential and destination processes (3C – cooperation); the competitiveness of the region is determined by the purchasable demand and financial resources of the DMO; and the touristic aspect of the region is contained directly in the territory's potential.

DESTINATION MANAGEMENT, EVENT TOURISM, COMPUTERS AND SLUŠOVICE, INSPIRATION FROM HISTORICAL CONTEXTS

DESTINATION MANAGEMENT, EVENT TOURISM, COMPUTERS AND SLUŠOVICE, INSPIRATION FROM HISTORICAL CONTEXTS
(DESTINATION MANAGEMENT, EVENT TOURISM, COMPUTERS AND SLUŠOVICE, INSPIRATION FROM HISTORICAL CONTEXTS)

Author(s):Josef Botlík, Milena Botlíková
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
Page Range:298-307
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:computers; event tourism; destination; destination management; Slušovice;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the performed analysis was to identify and compare traces of destination and event management based on a historical analysis of dominant regional entities, specifically JZD Slušovice and its activities in the 1980s. Regional analyzes rely on a wide range of tools. Historical comparison is a method that allows to identify and modify "already known". Based on this method, historical precedents of destination and event management were identified, especially links between dominant regional subjects and interests determined on the basis of political and social, artificially created concepts, applicable also to contemporary destination and event management. An economic calculation using the "German tank problem" method (Goodman, 1954) proved the importance of computer production in the JZD Slušovice, the subsequent economic prosperity created a background for "nonproduction" activities. The identified targeted influencing of the social and cultural development of the region (by an economically dominant entity) can be meaningfully compared with the forms of current destination and event management. Due to the unavailability of statistical data from the analyzed period, the data were taken from contemporary sources, or from references to these sources, it was not always possible to verify the data.

DOPADY PANDEMIE COVID-19 NA CESTOVNÍ RUCH PAMÁTEK UNESCO V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

DOPADY PANDEMIE COVID-19 NA CESTOVNÍ RUCH PAMÁTEK UNESCO V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
(THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON TOURISM UNESCO HERITAGE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):Libor Lněnička, Tetiana Butenko, Tomáš Burda, Veronika Židová, Sára Bouzková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Museology & Heritage Studies, Health and medicine and law, Tourism
Page Range:308-316
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:UNESCO; convention; management; heritage; covid-19;
Summary/Abstract:The main goal of this paper is to examine impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on the attendance of selected UNESCO monuments in the Czech Republic. This is the first step of a more extensive research focused on methodological recommendations of the effects the covid-19 pandemic on tourism. The authors present a study focused on the number of visitors to selected monuments in comparison between 2019 and 2021. The mechanism of protection, popularization and development of UNESCO cultural heritage in the Czech Republic is investigated. The features of formation and improvement of management mechanisms in this area of socio-cultural relations are clarified. The procedure for including candidate sites in the World Heritage list has been investigated. The main UNESCO conventions in the field of culture are considered and attention is drawn to their key provisions. The main problems in the legislative regulation of the preservation and management of cultural and natural heritage in the Czech Republic are analyzed. It is established that cooperation with UNESCO significantly affects the foreign policy of the world's countries. At the end is possible to find a set of three areas of recommendations, which will be examined in more detail in the next stages. The results confirmed that the most visited UNESCO monuments heritage after the covid-19 pandemic: Prague (734 thousand people); Spa triangle: Františkovy Lázně, Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně (559 thousand people); Lednice-Valtice area (311 thousand people) and Kroměříž (162 thousand people). Their attractiveness is due to the high level of nature protection, the conservation status of the heritage fund and their historical value.

ZMĚNILA PANDEMIE GEOGRAFICKOU STRUKTURU NÁVŠTĚVNOSTI EVROPY?

ZMĚNILA PANDEMIE GEOGRAFICKOU STRUKTURU NÁVŠTĚVNOSTI EVROPY?
(HAS THE PANDEMIC CHANGED THE GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF EUROPE'S VISITORS?)

Author(s):Jiří Vystoupil, Martin Šauer, HELENA KUBÍČKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Health and medicine and law, Tourism
Page Range:317-324
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:international tourism; covid-19 pandemic; tourist flows; geographical structure of visitors to Europe;
Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses changes in the distribution of inbound tourism inside and into Europe from 2019 to 2021, which makes the period before and at the "end" of the covid-19 pandemic. The goal is to analyze and assess the main tourist streams primarily measured by the number of overnight stays, and secondly, changes in the geographic structure of foreign tourists. It provides tabular and cartographic analysis of their spatial distribution. The article identifies the most important source countries of international tourism inside and into Europe. The result of the paper is an evaluation of the negative impact of the pandemic on Europe as a whole, in more detail in European sub-regions and finally in the most important European countries in terms of tourism, on the decline of international tourism and related economic losses.

REGIONÁLNÍ ODOLNOST NA PŘÍKLADU FIREM ZPRACOVATELSKÉHO PRŮMYSLU VE STARÝCH PRŮMYSLOVÝCH REGIONECH ČESKA

REGIONÁLNÍ ODOLNOST NA PŘÍKLADU FIREM ZPRACOVATELSKÉHO PRŮMYSLU VE STARÝCH PRŮMYSLOVÝCH REGIONECH ČESKA
(REGIONAL RESILIENCE BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN CZECH OLD INDUSTRIAL REGIONS)

Author(s):Lucie Kokešová, Simona Šťastná
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Regional Geography, Health and medicine and law, Economic development
Page Range:325-332
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:regional resilience; old industrial regions; pandemics; manufacturing industry; economic linkages;
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the regional resilience based on the example of companies in the manufacturing industry in old industrial regions in Czechia. The aim is to evaluate how companies responded to the situation caused by the Covid-19 and to identify the most significant strategies that contributed to the resilience of companies during the pandemic crisis. Research was carried out through the collection of primary data obtained from interviews with managers of companies. Qualitative content analysis was used for the data evaluation and interpretation technique. Empirical findings point to the fact that the Covid-19 pandemic had an effect on the supplier-customer ties of companies. Companies whose suppliers are located at the European or global level had to establish relationships with suppliers at lower hierarchical levels. Companies whose customers are located at the local/regional were forced to reduce the volume of regional production. Manifestations of the pandemic have shown, in particular, a reduction of production, a change in supplier-customer ties, or the dismissal of employees. Strategies of companies are the change of product characteristics, the use of warehouse stocks, the reduction of the distance of supply chains, safety measures for workers, online marketing and financial resources from support subsidy programs.

RETROSPEKTÍVNY POHĽAD NA ŠÍRENIE OCHORENIA COVID-19 V NITRIANSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI V KONTEXTE ZRANITEĽNOSTI

RETROSPEKTÍVNY POHĽAD NA ŠÍRENIE OCHORENIA COVID-19 V NITRIANSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI V KONTEXTE ZRANITEĽNOSTI
(A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE EXTENSION OF THE DISEASE COVID-19 IN THE NITRA SELF-GOVERNING REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF VULNERABILITY)

Author(s):KATARÍNA VILINOVÁ, Gabriela Repaska
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Politics, Regional Geography, Governance, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:333-339
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:COVID-19; Nitra Self-governing Region; District; Municipality; Vulnerability;
Summary/Abstract:In the course of 2020, the coronavirus became a phenomenon that, albeit unwanted, created a wide space for the study of various scientific disciplines. The pandemic situation of COVID-19, which affected almost the entire civilized world with its consequences, therefore offered a unique opportunity to analyze the geographical space as well as human activities in it. It can be implemented at different hierarchical levels - from global, regional to local. It is precisely the circumstances with COVID-19, which also affected the territory of Slovakia and its individual regions, that form a sufficient prerequisite for their analysis. This phenomenon can also be analyzed through the evaluation of the vulnerability of the territory of Slovakia using the example of this disease. In each country, during this pandemic, indicators that provided information on current risks and the possibilities of their operative solution were primarily monitored. The aim of the contribution is to point out the spread of this disease in the given territory based on the assessment of the vulnerability of the territory at the local and regional level of the Nitra self-governing region. For the evaluation, we used a complex indicator of vulnerability in relation to the spread of the COVID-19 disease through captured positive PCR tests. We evaluated the data over four time periods. The selection of data and methods used in this study together with the achieved and presented results can serve as a suitable tool to support the decision making of further measures for the future.

THE IMPACT OF THE "FIRST WAVE" OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MUNICIPALITIES IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION: THE MAYORS' PERSPECTIVE

THE IMPACT OF THE "FIRST WAVE" OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MUNICIPALITIES IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION: THE MAYORS' PERSPECTIVE
(THE IMPACT OF THE "FIRST WAVE" OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MUNICIPALITIES IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION: THE MAYORS' PERSPECTIVE)

Author(s):Michal Ševčík, Josef Smolík, Jitka Brožová
Language:English
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Governance, Management and complex organizations, Economic development
Page Range:340-348
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Covid-19; semi-structured interview; municipal management; emergency management;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the paper is to identify the impacts of the first wave of the pandemic Covid-19 in 2020 on the management and performance of the municipal agenda in the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic. The research was conducted through the method of semi-structured interviews with ten mayors of municipalities of distinct size categories. The research questions focused on various aspects of municipal functioning (municipal management, implementation of support measures for the elderly and entrepreneurs, and communication with citizens...), on which the mayors commented based on their own experience. The results show that the municipal governments and municipal authorities in the first wave of Covid-19 played a key role in terms of providing medical supplies and support to the local population and entrepreneurs, although they faced some constraints, such as a lack of communication and information from public authorities or problematic behavior of citizens. The research also suggests that already in the first wave of the pandemic, the introduction of modern communication tools in the municipalities took place.

EFEKT PŘELÉVÁNÍ CEN NA TRHU PRAŽSKÝCH NOVOSTAVEB

EFEKT PŘELÉVÁNÍ CEN NA TRHU PRAŽSKÝCH NOVOSTAVEB
(SPILLOVER EFFECT ON THE PRAGUE NEW DWELLINGS MARKET)

Author(s):Filip Emmer
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:349-355
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:local property market; ripple effect;
Summary/Abstract:This paper is focused on identification of one of the subparts of house price Ripple effect. Study is conducted on the area of Czech capital city of Prague and its city districts. Ripple effect describes the impact of house price rise in region on the other regions and on of the possible explanation is through house price convergence between the source area of ripple effect and the affected region. In this paper, the source area is represented by Prague 1 city district and the possible affected areas are being represented by other Prague city districts. To test the convergence between areas of Prague, stationarity tests are adopted. Results of the tests indicate ripple effect in the particular areas of Prague.

REGIONAL HOUSING AFFORDABILITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

REGIONAL HOUSING AFFORDABILITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
(REGIONAL HOUSING AFFORDABILITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

Author(s):DAVID SLAVATA
Language:English
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:356-361
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:housing affordability; Czech Republic; housing; ownership; real estate market; regions;
Summary/Abstract:Housing affordability is the topical problem of current society. There are many athors who are publishing in this field. The aim of the paper is to analyze housing affordability in the Czech Republic from the level o regions. The main aim is to find out whether the housing affordability is increasing or decreasing in Czech regions. Using data of real estate market there are created the basic statistical indicators. The data were colected from day to day real estate searching server. The separate indicators are transformed to the general indicator SAI. The main result is the statement the housing affordability in the Czech Republic and in most of the region is increasing. The increase in comparison of the year 2020 is still weak.

STRATEGICKÉ ŘÍZENÍ PORTFOLIA NEMOVITOSTÍ VE VLASTNICTVÍ ČESKÝCH MĚST – REŠERŠE VĚDECKÉ LITERATURY

STRATEGICKÉ ŘÍZENÍ PORTFOLIA NEMOVITOSTÍ VE VLASTNICTVÍ ČESKÝCH MĚST – REŠERŠE VĚDECKÉ LITERATURY
(STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO OWNED BY CZECH MUNICIPALITIES - OVERVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE)

Author(s):Lucia Dobrucká, Martin Maštálka, VLADIMÍRA ŠILHÁNKOVÁ
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Politics, Governance, Management and complex organizations, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation
Page Range:362-368
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:real estate; real estate portfolio; public property management; property management; SMART governance;
Summary/Abstract:Czech cities own the portfolios of various real estates which need to be not only managed but strategically optimised and developed as well. However, public sector in the Czech Republic lacks methodological guidance for portfolio strategies, and cities use systems that are out-of-date. To fill the gap, authors provided the search of scientific literature concerning the strategic management of real estate portfolios owned by cities, both within the Czech Republic and world-wide. No relevant scientific literature was found in the context of the Czech Republic, and searching the Scopus database showed that this issue was neglected internationally. Only 52 texts (articles, books, and conference papers) could be connected to the topic, of which only 24 outputs related to the researched issue directly. None of the findings concerned the strategic management of real estate portfolios owned by cities in the Czech Republic. Moreover, findings did not show any common point in terms of keywords, territorial affiliation, or time limits. The topic seems to be heavily neglected; which makes it relevant for systematic scientific considerations and research.

HODNOCENÍ MÍSTNÍCH VEŘEJNÝCH SLUŽEB V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE: PŘÍKLAD MĚSTSKÝCH KNIHOVEN

HODNOCENÍ MÍSTNÍCH VEŘEJNÝCH SLUŽEB V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE: PŘÍKLAD MĚSTSKÝCH KNIHOVEN
(EVALUATION OF LOCAL PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: THE CASE OF THE MUNICIPAL LIBRARIES)

Author(s):Renata Halásková, Martina Halásková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Politics, Library and Information Science, Library operations and management, Governance, Management and complex organizations
Page Range:369-377
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:local public services; library services; standard of library services; satisfaction evaluation; municipal libraries;
Summary/Abstract:The submitted contribution focuses on two approaches towards the evaluation of local public services in the Czech Republic, using municipal libraries as an example. The aim of the paper is to assess selected services provided by municipal libraries in Opava and Krnov according to standard of library services and according to the satisfaction rate of users of 15+ years of age. A descriptively analytical approach is applied in the evaluation of the indicators of library-service standards and a method of direct asking for the purposes of assessing users’ satisfaction with the service of the libraries. According to the selected indicators of library and information service standards, the municipal library in Opava reached better results in years 2016-2020, compared to the library in Krnov. Partial results of satisfaction with services of the evaluated municipal libraries slightly differ among the users aged 15+. The results of total satisfaction rate confirmed higher satisfaction with the municipal library in Opava in comparison to the municipal library in Krnov. The findings present valuable information, in particular for directors of the evaluated local libraries, but they can also provide inspiration for creators of local public policies in culture and education.

ROLE KRAJŮ V PODPOŘE IMPLEMENTACE KONCEPTU SMART CITIES V ROZVOJI OBCÍ A MĚST

ROLE KRAJŮ V PODPOŘE IMPLEMENTACE KONCEPTU SMART CITIES V ROZVOJI OBCÍ A MĚST
(ROLE OF THE REGIONS IN THE SMART CITIES CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION IN RURAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT)

Author(s):Zuzana Khendriche Trhlínová, Petr Čechák
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Regional Geography, Rural and urban sociology, Economic development
Page Range:378-384
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:smart cities; smart region; strategy; public sector;
Summary/Abstract:Strengthening of the competitiveness of the private sector via innovations linked with digitalisation, use of autonomous systems in production, logistics and resource management opens new development challenges for public sector. Digital transformation makes new opportunities of the public goods provision systems. It can be used in solving current development problems of urban regions (environmental issues, mobility, social services, healthcare) as well as of rural regions (availability of public services). Implementation of Smart solutions is supported via national and European public policies by financial tools (subventions), institutionally (methodology, strategy) and legally. Regions can contribute to implementation of Smart concepts due to their good knowledge about the specific local needs. The objective of the text is to compare the current approaches of regions to the Smart Cities concept implementation. The article is based on literature review and on the secondary analysis of regional documents and strategies. We analysed fourteen Czech regions. Regions work with the Smart region status, some of them have specific subsidies to implement Smart Cities solutions in municipalities. Region´s support of Smart Cities concepts is quite different. Main supported domains are mobility, energy, IT projects and environment. Culture and circular economy belong to the least supported domains.

POSTOJE KRAJŮ K LEGISLATIVNÍMU NÁVRHU SPOLEČENSTVÍ OBCÍ

POSTOJE KRAJŮ K LEGISLATIVNÍMU NÁVRHU SPOLEČENSTVÍ OBCÍ
(REGIONS' POSITIONS ON COMMUNITY OF MUNICIPALITIES LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL)

Author(s):Marek Jetmar
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Politics, Regional Geography, Governance, Administrative Law
Page Range:385-392
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Inter-municipal cooperation; administrative district of municipality with extended power; public administration; regions;
Summary/Abstract:Legislative proposal of community of municipalities as qualified form of union of municipalities resulted in series of fundamental comments of regions. The variability of attitudes was underlined by absence of statement of Association of Regions. The article analyses the individual positions of regions focused on principles of regulation - constituent communities of municipalities, entry conditions, method of registering communities, use of the services of a shared official and issues of accountability for the prepared acts. In subsequent discussions, a substantial part of the comments was settled positively (keeping the register of the community of municipalities by regions), the regions backed down from their comments or changed them to a recommendation. Conditions for formation of a community were significantly reduced and the possibility of several entities in large administrative micro-regions was greatly liberalised. The fundamental method of processing is analysis and comparative analysis of the positions of regions and legislative proposal. When formulating conclusions, it is then a method of synthesizing partial knowledge. The final treatment is very short. It is focused on set up of communities and ensuring the joint exercise of administration through a shared official. The smaller scale of the proposed changes is due to the disunity of the players concerned and the difficulty of reaching consensus.

HOW TO INVOLVE INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS INTO THE PROCESS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITIES

HOW TO INVOLVE INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS INTO THE PROCESS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITIES
(HOW TO INVOLVE INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS INTO THE PROCESS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITIES)

Author(s):Kateřina Vyhnánková, Tomás Sýkora
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic policy, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Economic development
Page Range:393-400
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:informal institutions; local development; strategic planning; community coordinator; community platform;
Summary/Abstract:The topic of this paper is informal institutions (InIn) in community development, with a focus on rural communities. The trouble with InIn, however broadly their importance for the qualitative aspect of development is acknowledged, is that they are difficult to grasp. We therefore attempt to design and test a model that a) contributes to a more holistic consideration of these dimensions of community development and b) is realistically practicable in local development with local actors. We refer to this model as "integrated community development" ("ICD"). In designing the model, we are aware of the dynamic nature of InIn and the fundamental role of local actors. Therefore, the starting point is to identify together with them an expression for InIn that is understandable and engaging for them (as non-experts). The methodological framework is participatory action research. The main methods are in-depth interviews with locals and case studies of three municipalities following the process of validating interventions taking InIn into account. The main results are detailed findings on the operation of two of these elements: community platform and community coordinator, both in terms of site-specific solutions (situations) and in terms of contribution to generally applicable theories and practices.

HODNOTOVÉ POSTOJE ZASTUPITELŮ JAKO PROMĚNNÁ MÍSTNÍHO ROZVOJE

HODNOTOVÉ POSTOJE ZASTUPITELŮ JAKO PROMĚNNÁ MÍSTNÍHO ROZVOJE
(VALUE ATTITUDES OF COUNCILLORS AS A VARIABLE OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT)

Author(s):Radek Kopřiva, Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Politics, Governance, Economic development
Page Range:401-406
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:value attitudes; representatives; local government; decision-making; local development;
Summary/Abstract:The post is dedicated to municipal councillors as important actors of local development. It traces their value attitudes in an attempt to contribute to the debate on the endogenous variables of municipal development perspectives. The purpose of the post is to assess the influence of selected variables (mainly party affiliation and gender of the councillor) on the internal value consistency of the defined groups of councillors. The paper is based on data collected through a questionnaire survey. Factor analysis is used to identify factors describing the value dimensions of the respondent population. Using regression analysis, the relationship between the selected variables and the value attitudes of the representatives is assessed. The results of the survey show different groups of councillors. Some political parties are characterized by internal homogeneity in the value attitudes of their members who serve as municipal representatives, and it is clear that certain issues are important to these parties. Other political parties are apparently unanchored in values. The other variables chosen do not appear to be factors in the internal value homogeneity of the defined groups of councillors.

SPD V KOMUNÁLNÍCH VOLBÁCH V ROCE 2022 V JIHOMORAVSKÉM KRAJI

SPD V KOMUNÁLNÍCH VOLBÁCH V ROCE 2022 V JIHOMORAVSKÉM KRAJI
(SPD IN THE MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN 2022 IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION)

Author(s):Josef Smolík, Michal Ševčík
Language:Czech
Subject(s):Politics, Regional Geography, Electoral systems
Page Range:407-415
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:municipal elections; political parties; populism; municipalities; election results;
Summary/Abstract:This paper focuses on the analysis of the local elections, emphasizing the SPD's electoral gains. Municipal politics has a significant impact on the development of municipalities and regions. The text focuses on the analysis of the electoral results of the SPD political movement in the municipal elections in the South Moravian Region in 2022. The theoretical part of the paper describes the basic mechanisms and principles of municipal elections and the political programmatic of the SPD political movement. The analytical part deals with the results of the elections in the South Moravian region, emphasizing the gains of the SPD political party, which is classified as far right. The data is based on the statistical server volby.cz, which is provided by the Czech Statistical Office. The results of the survey can be seen as a contribution to the discussion on municipal politics, municipal elections, and the strategies of individual political parties. The main finding is that the SPD political movement did not become stronger in municipal politics in the South Moravian Region.

USING HOT SPOT ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY SPATIAL CLUSTERS OF STABILITY OF LOCAL POLITICAL ELITES

USING HOT SPOT ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY SPATIAL CLUSTERS OF STABILITY OF LOCAL POLITICAL ELITES
(USING HOT SPOT ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY SPATIAL CLUSTERS OF STABILITY OF LOCAL POLITICAL ELITES)

Author(s):Jan Prener
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics, Governance, Government/Political systems, Methodology and research technology
Page Range:416-423
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:local political elites; Czechia; elections; hot spot analysis; territorial differentiation;
Summary/Abstract:The transformational processes after 1989 brought several qualitative changes of a fundamental nature. Along with these facts, there was also a substantial transformation of the electoral behaviour of inhabitants and its discontinuity across territories. Given the above, it is evident that the electoral behaviour of the Czech population selectively affects the stability of local political elites (municipal representatives). Therefore, the presented text aims to identify territorial differentiations of the stability of representatives in Czechia through hot spot analysis and further understand and clarify the factors, processes, or mechanisms that ultimately condition the mentioned (in)stability. The results of stability indicate several variables (mainly social, economic, or demographic) that (co)determine significant territorial differentiation and, simultaneously, the ambivalence of the investigated stability of local political elites in different types of territories. High stability is evident in the so-called inner peripheries, which have long exhibited unfavourable socioeconomic parameters. Conversely, instability of representatives can be found in border areas that have been resettled in many cases. In both cases, we can talk about problem areas that need to be given appropriate attention for the sake of further development.

HIGHER REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN ON CANDIDATE LISTS - THE KEY TO MORE GENDER-BALANCED MUNICIPAL POLITICS?

HIGHER REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN ON CANDIDATE LISTS - THE KEY TO MORE GENDER-BALANCED MUNICIPAL POLITICS?
(HIGHER REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN ON CANDIDATE LISTS - THE KEY TO MORE GENDER-BALANCED MUNICIPAL POLITICS?)

Author(s):Simona Šimovičová
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics, Gender Studies, Sociology, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:424-432
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:gender equality; local politics; women in politics;
Summary/Abstract:This article aimed to examine the determinants that influence the representation of women in town councils in Slovakia. We extended the current research by examining the influence of the gender composition of male and female candidates for local council seats and analysing the impact of liberal political orientation. The influence of socio-economic, cultural, political and institutional factors on the percentage of female councillors in municipal politics was analysed through the econometric model and multiple regression method. We found that the representation of women in municipal councils is positively affected by the increase of female candidates for this position and by political culture measured through the representation of female councillors in the last term. Political and institutional determinants, such as the size of the local council and the political orientation of the members in the council, did not prove to be statistically significant.

THE DESIRE FOR EQUALITY: THE FUNCTION OF THE PARTICIPATION AND PARTNERSHIP DISCOURSES IN DEVELOPMENT

THE DESIRE FOR EQUALITY: THE FUNCTION OF THE PARTICIPATION AND PARTNERSHIP DISCOURSES IN DEVELOPMENT
(THE DESIRE FOR EQUALITY: THE FUNCTION OF THE PARTICIPATION AND PARTNERSHIP DISCOURSES IN DEVELOPMENT)

Author(s):Tomáš Imrich Profant
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic policy, Economic development
Page Range:433-439
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:discourse; partnership; participation; development;
Summary/Abstract:The partnership and participation discourses are crucial development discourses that are at the intersection between an abstract development and a local democracy. The aim of this paper is to analyze one segment of the functions of the participation and partnership discourses and the relation between desire and these two discourses. The methodology of the analysis follows Foucault’s Archaeology of Knowledge, in particular the rules of formation of a discourse using mostly secondary sources as the basis of reconstructing the analyzed discourses. The analysis focuses on the legitimizing, depoliticizing and hierarchizing functions and finds out that both terms – partnership and participation – legitimize projects conducted in their name. Similar to the term ‘development’ they contain a positive connotation while remaining rather empty. At the same time by focusing on technical solutions participation and partnership depoliticize unequal relations of power. Finally, despite its aim the partnership/participation discourse may actually undermine attempts at equality within development discourse. The desires connected to the discourse show that the participation and partnership may be the result of the lack in the liberal democracies.

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