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The Membership of Bulgaria in the European Union: Nine Years Later. The conference dedicated to the forthcoming Bulgarian Presidency of the Council of the EU Cover Image

Членството на България в Европейския съюз: девет години по-късно. Конференцията е организирана под патронажа на ректора на УНСС проф. д.ик.н. Стати Статев и посветена на предстоящото българско председателство на ЕС
The Membership of Bulgaria in the European Union: Nine Years Later. The conference dedicated to the forthcoming Bulgarian Presidency of the Council of the EU

Contributor(s): Bistra Boeva (Editor), Dimitar Hadjinikolov (Editor), Iordanka Stateva (Editor), Mirko Tripunoski (Editor), Milanka Slavova (Editor), Ivan Stoytchev (Editor), Svetla Boneva (Editor), Oleg Lozanov (Editor), Silvia Kirova (Editor), Alexander Hristov (Editor), Silvana Jovcheska (Editor), Maia Tripunoska (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Political Theory, Public Administration, Sociology, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Political economy, Management and complex organizations, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Accounting - Business Administration, Marketing / Advertising, Tourism, Human Resources in Economy, Business Ethics, Globalization, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: Bulgaria; European Union; EU Development; Cohesion; Eurozone; Energy Union; Sustainable Development; Fiscal Stability; Regional Policy; Competitiveness; Public Finance; EU Energy Union; Management; Corporate Management
Summary/Abstract: This book collects scientific papers and reports presented on the conference ‘The Membership of Bulgaria in the EU: Nine Years Later’ organized by the International Economic Relations and Business Department at University of National and World Economy (UNWE), Sofia, Bulgaria. The conference, held on 7 October 2016, was dedicated to the upcoming Bulgarian Presidency of the Council of the EU. The contributors to the present edition of the book explore topics such as European integration and Cohesion, the role of the financial centres in the EU, development in the banking sector, Banking union, Eurozone and inflation, financial risk mitigation. Researchers discuss some EU strategic goals such as the energy union and environmental policies, energy economics, electricity generation, energy markets and liberalization as well as research activities and initiatives such as the program Horizon 2020. Authors review aspects related to the organizational issues, change management, communication in organizations, business culture, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, irregularities and financial corrections. The book contains in-depth research related to the innovations and outsourcing, digital marketing, regional financial sustainability in Bulgaria and analysis on the local tourism. ‘The Membership of Bulgaria in the EU: Nine Years Later’ is an annually organized academic event with the vision to foster open dialogue, offer contemporary research and exchange of ideas between fellow academics, policy makers, businesses, stakeholders and the public.

  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-954-644-976-4
  • Page Count: 432
  • Publication Year: 2017
  • Language: English, Bulgarian
Лондон като финансов център в Европейския съюз и извън него

Лондон като финансов център в Европейския съюз и извън него
(London as a Financial Center in and out of the European Union)

  • Author(s):Iordanka Stateva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:11-18
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:London; Financial Center
  • Summary/Abstract:The presented material is about the perspectives for London as a financial center. After UK voted to leave the EU, two big and interconnected questions arise. Will London preserve its status as a global financial center after UK leaves the EU? Will London remain the financial capital of Europe and respectively financial center of the EU or another financial center in the union will attract, in fact will deprive London of business on a scale to replace it as the first leading financial center in the EU? The author presents the main characteristics of London as a global and European financial center and corresponding serious problems nowadays.
Кохезионата политика на ЕС: иновативни подходи за инвестиране в МСП

Кохезионата политика на ЕС: иновативни подходи за инвестиране в МСП
(The EU Cohesion Policy: Innovative Approaches for Investing in SMEs)

  • Author(s):Svetlana Aleksandrova-Zlatanska
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:19-27
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Financial Instruments; Risk Capital; Innovations
  • Summary/Abstract:Alike other countries benefiting from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Bulgaria strives to achieve competitive production aimed at innovations and growth. In order to achieve the priorities for sustainable projects as laid out in Europe 2020 strategy there is additional utilization of financial instruments which provide additional resource to accommodate the business. Author reviews the main aspects of administering and governance of the financial instruments which support the business in a form of loans, grants, interest rates subsidies, shares and other risk mechanisms. The role of the European Investment Fund in mobilizing additional financial resources is being highlighted. The focus of the research is on the financial instruments for risk financing for the Central European countries.
Modern Management in the Era of Globalization – An Indicator for Dynamic Society

Modern Management in the Era of Globalization – An Indicator for Dynamic Society
(Modern Management in the Era of Globalization – An Indicator for Dynamic Society)

  • Author(s):Mirko Tripunoski, Fisnik Ferati, Borche Sibinovski
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Management and complex organizations, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:28-35
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Modern Management; Changes; Challenges; Globalization; Economy
  • Summary/Abstract:In a modern-global world, the role of the organization is performed by working in a business environment which is a complex structure made up of internal and external elements. Today the functioning and the performances of the organizations are determined by the modern business environment. The information about the trends and the characteristics of today's global business environment are the starting point in the process of decision-making and achieving goals. Through frequent and systematic exploration of the environment, organizations identify their internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats. By using the information available, the organizations strive to activate their power effectively, thus eliminating the weaknesses and seizing the opportunities, avoiding the obstacles and the external threats. Modern business environment nowadays is changing constantly and rapidly by exposing the organizations to new challenges, such as global competition, rapid technological development, demographic changes, diversification of the workforce and many others. We are witnesses of today’s global economic crisis and the negative consequences it has on all national economies, as well as many organizations, both national and multinational. Within modern dynamic society, the organizations must adapt to the global changes and conditions in this turbulent business environment, because both their success and their existence are depending on it. It is therefore required to apply the modern management practices in the organizations and use the new organizational forms and structural solutions, which are flexible enough as well as adaptable. Modern organizations today are continuously exposed to changes and are increasingly losing the traditional pyramid structure at the expense of the horizontal one. Regardless of the constant changes and challenges, the main bearers of all activities in the business environment are still the humans. With their knowledge, skills and abilities they are an important factor for the implementation and development of the modern management practices.
Change Management, A Factor for Development of International Business in The Business Environment

Change Management, A Factor for Development of International Business in The Business Environment
(Change Management, A Factor for Development of International Business in The Business Environment)

  • Author(s):Aleksandar Nikolovski, Lazar Arsovski, Maia Tripunoska
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Management and complex organizations, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:36-42
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Change; International Business; Modern Management; Business Environment
  • Summary/Abstract:The existence of effective, professional and independent managers is of crucial importance for the development of modern change management, an appropriate response to the modern management challenges and implementation of the practices of modern management, thus creating the conditions for the development of the economy and the public sector. The managers are the ones who direct the functioning of their organization in accordance with the strategy and accomplishment of the company’s goals. Today’s environment is becoming more and more diverse and complex to govern, especially for the real global managers. As business is becoming more and more globalized, there is a necessity for more global managers, who act globally, that do not merely deal with the professional goals, but also with the cultural differences and the human interactions at the workplace; they need to keep under control the cultural differences. Managing i.e. governing the employees from different cultural backgrounds means that they should keep pace with the production. Managing the differences of the cultures in different environments in which they work requires a great deal of pressure over them which is why it is necessary to develop certain qualities in order to be a successful change manager. In order to be successful in today’s global economy, managers need to be prepared to do business all around the world. International businesses have activities, partners, alliances and senior managers which represent every global region.
Non-Verbal Communication in Business and Culture

Non-Verbal Communication in Business and Culture
(Non-Verbal Communication in Business and Culture)

  • Author(s):Silvana Jovcheska, Natka Jankova
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Psychology, Communication studies, Organizational Psychology, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:43-47
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Non-Verbal Communication; Body Language; Silence; Marketing; Management; Interpretation
  • Summary/Abstract:The professional communication nowadays is the basis for successful connection on professional and personal level. But the ability to understand and use non-verbal communication and body language is a powerful tool which helps in connecting with others in expressing what they really think. Experts in communication agree that when two people talk face to face, only a small part of the entire message which is shared contains the words they use. Most of the message is contained in the tone of voice, the accent, speed, volume and accidence. The use of non-verbal communication (silence) in writing, speaking and daily business communication is a routine in every culture, in each of the areas mentioned. A modern trend in modern companies worldwide is the usage and interpretation of non-verbal communication of their customers through marketing strategies with aim to improve their distribution and marketing in the world market but also the personal contact with their consumers. Understanding non-verbal communication and interpretation of silence in certain cultures and meeting them in person enhances their feeling of things, both in culture, business and literature.
Предимства и предизвикателства за България от по-ранно присъединяване към банковия съюз на ЕС

Предимства и предизвикателства за България от по-ранно присъединяване към банковия съюз на ЕС
(Benefits and Challenges for Bulgaria From the Earlier Accession to the EU Banking Union)

  • Author(s):Kaloyan Simeonov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Economic policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
  • Page Range:48-66
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:Banking Union; EU; Bulgaria; EU Development; Single Supervisory Mechanism; European Central Bank; Banking Authority
  • Summary/Abstract:This article reviews benefits and challenges for Bulgaria from the earlier accession to the Banking union in the EU. The Banking Union foundation was established in 2014 with the Single Supervisory Mechanism and two related regulations allowing the European Central Bank to exercise monitoring of the banks from the Euro area whilst the second regulation amends the predecessing legislative act setting up the European Banking Authority. The author reviews the present situation in the Bulgarian banking sector, analyses the benefits emanating from earlier participation in the EU Banking Union and mentions several risks that shall be considered prior to the accession to the Banking Union. The research concludes that the Bulgarian accession to the Banking Union would be rather political than solely economic decision in a domestic perspective. This decision will be taken on a national level after consultation with the European partners and ECB in particular. Author highlights that Bulgaria historically gained more when transferred some sovereign functions (e.g., currency board in 1997, EU legislative compliance).
Развитие на банките от Еврозоната в старите страни членки на Европейския съюз - Белгия, Германия, Италия, Люксембург, Холандия и Франция през периода 2007 – 2015 г.

Развитие на банките от Еврозоната в старите страни членки на Европейския съюз - Белгия, Германия, Италия, Люксембург, Холандия и Франция през периода 2007 – 2015 г.
(Development of the Euro Area Banks in the Old Member States of the European Union - Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and France in the Period 2007 – 2015)

  • Author(s):Aglika Kaneva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy
  • Page Range:67-75
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Banks; Banking System; Financial Indicators; EU; Euro area
  • Summary/Abstract:This research is dedicated to the development of the banking sector in member states from the EU and Euro Area - Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and France for the period 2007-2015. Author analyses main indicators of the banking system for the mentioned countries and time span. The article compares the dynamics of the financial indicators of the banks included in the analysis for the years between 2007-2015. The author presents main trends and conclusions for the banking sector in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and France.
Влиянието на приемането на еврото върху инфлацията в страните от Еврозоната. Поуките за България

Влиянието на приемането на еврото върху инфлацията в страните от Еврозоната. Поуките за България
(Influence of the Euro Implementation on the Inflation in the Eurozone. Lessons for Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Valentin Bilyanski
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:76-85
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Euro Changeover; Customer Prices; Inflation
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the impact of the euro changeover on consumer prices in the 19 countries of the euroarea. An overview of the mechanisms they apply to curb inflation during the transition is also made. The main conclusion which can be reached is that the negative effects can be minimized with appropriate government policies on price setting and implementation of a comprehensive information campaign involving multiple customer organizations and organizations of vendors. Based on the analysis we have made specific recommendations on the process of Bulgaria's accession to the euroarea. The author's opinion is that the euroarea membership is mandatory for the country and the procedure for membership should be started as soon as possible.
Банково-финансовият сектор на Европейския съюз през периода на дълговата криза в Еврозоната

Банково-финансовият сектор на Европейския съюз през периода на дълговата криза в Еврозоната
(The Banking and financial sector of the European Union during the debt crisis in the Euro area)

  • Author(s):Viktor Dinev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:86-95
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Eurozone; Debt Crisis; Euro area; Banking Sector; Financial Sector
  • Summary/Abstract:This article reviews banking and financial sectors in the EU during the debt crisis among the Euro area member states. The research objective is the interdependence between the Euro area debt crisis and the banking and financial sectors in the EU. The thesis of the research states that it is necessary to continue the reforms in the institutional framework of the banking and financial sectors in the EU considering the present economic and political conditions. The author’s hypothesis is that reforms in question are overdue and insufficient for the efficient governance of the EU. The main goal of the paper is to underline the specific role and significance of the Eurozone debt crisis in the overall reformation of the EU and Eurozone institutional framework, and in particular, in the banking and financial sectors. The latter would be achieved through the following specific tasks: first, presentation of academic views on the banking and financial sectors in the EU; second, review of the main macroeconomic indicators relevant to the research topic; third, review of the banking and financial sectors in the EU during the crisis period.
Пътят към изграждане на Европейски енергиен съюз

Пътят към изграждане на Европейски енергиен съюз
(The Road to the European Energy Union Construction)

  • Author(s):Nikolay Donchev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies
  • Page Range:96-103
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Energy Union; EU; Energy Independence; Energy Security; RES
  • Summary/Abstract:This article reviews the EU Energy Union establishment in light of the strategic decisions being taken on union level. The author reviews the structural changes that are expected to occur as a result of the energy transition process through clear, transparent and practically oriented measures. The research highlights some requirements for energy diversification and targets for energy security of the EU member states. It mentions seven pillars for transition to decarbonization of the energy system: improvement of the energy efficiency; ever growing role of the renewable energy sources in the EU energy mix; substitution of the coal and oil with natural gas; technological development; internal market optimization; price flexibility on the energy market and supporting investment interests; adequate infrastructure for inter-connectivity and long-distance transit. Author reviews some issues noticed on a national level during the strategic planning, policy preparation and implementation.
Програма „Хоризонт 2020” и европейския Енергиен съюз

Програма „Хоризонт 2020” и европейския Енергиен съюз
(“Horizon 2020” Program and the European Energy Union)

  • Author(s):Ivan Tsvetanov, Ivaylo Toskov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
  • Page Range:104-112
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Energy Union; European Energy Union; Horizon 2020
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper reviews Horizon 2020 Program of the EU in light of the proposed European Energy Union in 2015. Authors discuss briefly Horizon 2020 program and in a greater detail the inter-relation between the Horizon 2020 priorities and the Energy Union. The focus in on different aspects pertaining to the energy efficiency, competitiveness, low-carbon energy, coherence in the EU energy systems, renewables, innovation and research as well as socio-economic aspects. In conclusion, authors note that the presented framework for the establishment of the Energy Union in the EU reaffirms its commitment to sustainable development, energy security and competitiveness. This is being achieved through expected proactive participation from the scientific community and technological innovators. Horizon 2020 is an instrument that will assist in achieving the strategic goals for sustainable energy through financing measures and initiatives aimed at energy efficiency and low-carbon energy. Horizon 2020 program foresees cooperation with nationally financed initiatives or private sector participants aimed at enhancing the energy technologies as well as achieving high level of efficacy.
Потенциал за производство на електроенергия от ВЕИ в България и ЕС

Потенциал за производство на електроенергия от ВЕИ в България и ЕС
(Potential for Electricity Generation from RES in Bulgaria and in the EU)

  • Author(s):Svetla Boneva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
  • Page Range:113-123
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Renewable Energy Sources; RES Potential; RES Types; EU; Bulgaria;
  • Summary/Abstract:This research presents some concepts regarding the opportunities to develop electricity production from renewable energy sources (RES). Study notes that hydropower, wind power, solar energy as well as biomass present promising potential for electricity production in Bulgaria. It is demonstrated a necessity of full utilization of the Bulgarian natural resources as well as complete utilization of the already installed capacities in some RES power plants. Author discusses the overall potential of RES in the EU.
Третият енергиен пакет на Eвропейския съюз и либерализацията на пазара на електроенергия в България - резултати и предизвикателства

Третият енергиен пакет на Eвропейския съюз и либерализацията на пазара на електроенергия в България - резултати и предизвикателства
(The Third Energy Package of the EU and the Liberalization of the Electricity Market in Bulgaria – Challenges and Results)

  • Author(s):Vasil Stoynov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Environmental and Energy policy, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:124-139
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Liberalization; Electricity Market; Transposing; Independent Transmission Operator; Consumer Protection
  • Summary/Abstract:Bulgaria has been conducting a vivid and consistent policy since 2012 in regards to the harmonization of the electricity market with the European standards as stipulated in the EU’s Third energy package. The first step into this direction was the adoption of national legislative changes transposing Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council requirements and adapting them to the national energy sector specifics. The changes include all key requirements by the EU and, most of all, the selection of a model to separate the electricity transit from the chain of production and delivery. Bulgaria has adopted the model of an independent transmission operator where the ownership and the management of the electricity grid are mandated to a certified company which is part of the vertical integrated company and it meets certain conditions for independence. Along with those changes, the national legislature pays attention to consumer protection, enhanced the role of the national regulator and encouraging cross border partnerships. The adopted legal texts serve as a fundament for the process of electricity market liberalization which shall be continued with certain actions by both the regulator and the market participants. The article reviews the positive changes which had occurred in the recent years during the implementation of the requirements for more competitive, efficient and secure market. To latter we could refer the separation and certification of Electricity System Operator EAD as an independent transmission operator, establishment of the Independent Bulgarian Energy Exchange, implementation of a free deregulated energy trade segment and accommodating opportunity for the consumers to choose their energy supplier. In conclusion, the article turns attention to still existent serious issues and challenges to the Bulgarian energy sector liberalization which shall be addressed.
План за овладяване на изменението на климата в периода след 2020 г.

План за овладяване на изменението на климата в периода след 2020 г.
(Plan for Managing Climate Change After 2020)

  • Author(s):Ivan Tsvetanov, Ivaylo Toskov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:140-147
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Climate Change; EU; Climate Change Mitigation
  • Summary/Abstract:This article reviews the actions foreseen by the EU in regards to climate change mitigation post-2020. Authors review the present framework on climate mitigation related to the constatations made by the International Panel on Climate Change and current EU commitments made through various strategic initiatives such as Europe 2020 strategy. Article discusses the Paris Agreement and its targets. The authors present goals defined by the EU in regards to the Paris Agreement ratification – green house gas emissions reduction, appropriate combination of innovation and new technologies financed by relevant financial instruments to share the risk between the public and private sector as well as coherence with the goals of other EU policies and programs.
Икономически растеж и динамика на преките чуждестранни инвестиции в страните от Централна и Източна Европа в периода 2005-2016 година

Икономически растеж и динамика на преките чуждестранни инвестиции в страните от Централна и Източна Европа в периода 2005-2016 година
(Economic Growth and Dynamics of FDI in SEE Countries in the Period 2005-2016)

  • Author(s):Ruslan Tsankov, Stella Valeva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy
  • Page Range:148-158
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Foreign Direct Investment; Central and Eastern Europe; Financial Crisis; Growth
  • Summary/Abstract:This report concerns the dynamics of foreign direct investments in Central and Eastern Europe and their impact on economic growth in this region. The period covered by this paper starts from the years preceding the global financial crisis, continue through crisis itself years 2008 – 2012 and the period of recovery, which takes place until today. The aim of this report is a comparative analysis of the structure of capital inflows associated with foreign direct investment, growth that is generated by them in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe before the global crisis and post- crisis period taking into account the specificities of the different economies in the region. The analysis of statistical information for the period covered, gathered for each economy shows a clear link between the type and structure of foreign direct investment country by country before the crisis, the impact on the intensity of economic growth and the success and speed of recovery during the period after the crisis. Putting capital inflows into Central and Eastern Europe as the main factor of growth in the region in general and analyzing their dynamics during a major crisis displays some dependencies that can more clearly be seen in a subsequent crisis processes.
Връзка между значението на показателя P/E, инфлацията и пазарната възвращаемост на фондовия пазар в България

Връзка между значението на показателя P/E, инфлацията и пазарната възвращаемост на фондовия пазар в България
(Correlation Between the P/E Indicator, Inflation and Market Return at the Stock Market of Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Petko Valkov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:159-166
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:P/E Indicator; Rule 20; Market Return; Inflation; Required Rate of Return
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this report is to present the degree at which the Price/Earnings indicator (P/E) of the publicly traded companies in Bulgaria correlates with the so-called Rule 20 regarding the relation between the significance of the P/E and the inflation level in the country as well as the future market return. In other words, author would like to determine whether the P/E indicator, through the Rule 20, could be used to indicate future inflationary levels and market performance in a short run. The P/E indicator is considered a key parameter utilized by investors to analyze the stock market. Its main purpose is to give an answer to the question whether the shares of a publicly traded company are over- or undervalued.
Управление на финансовия риск във верига снабдяване на транснационалната корпорация

Управление на финансовия риск във верига снабдяване на транснационалната корпорация
(Management of Financial Risk in the Supply Chain in a Multinational Company)

  • Author(s):Nikolay Mazadzhiev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Transport / Logistics
  • Page Range:167-174
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Supply chain risk; Currency risk; Corporate governance; Subcontracting; Multinational company
  • Summary/Abstract:The publication is related to survey of the financial currency risk in supply chain in a multinational company. An international industrial group has been research and it has been found that the group is exposed to changes in currency value on the markets which could impact negatively profit and loss statement, statement of cash flow and financial position. It has been investigated how the issue is managed in practice and has been identified that mainly two methods are being used – Six Sigma approach and COSO framework for risk management. The empirical survey shows that in the real life companies the main approach for control of risk is actually choosing a suitable stable currency in the supply chain contract with the supplier – USD or EUR. Reinforced is the concept that along with the currency risk, the other main risk that is being faced by companies in supply chain is the sole sourcing.
Развитие на корпоративната социална отговорност в банковия сектор след влизането на България в Европейския съюз

Развитие на корпоративната социална отговорност в банковия сектор след влизането на България в Европейския съюз
(Development of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Bank Sector After the Accession of Bulgaria in the EU)

  • Author(s):Ivet Tileva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
  • Page Range:175-183
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Corporate Social Responsibility; Good Practices in Business; Banking Sector
  • Summary/Abstract:Corporate social responsibility is a relatively unexplored concept for Bulgaria, especially as regards the banking sector. The report examines the concept of corporate social responsibility in banking companies in Bulgaria, with an emphasis on its development in the period after accession to the European Union. In particular, a special attention is paid to a branch of a foreign commercial bank and the good social and ecological practices it imports by its activities at regional level. On base of the collected date a conclusion is formulated: whether the accession to the European Community favors positive trends in corporate social responsibility at a local level.
Тенденции на развитие на безработицата в България преди и след присъединяването ѝ към Европейския съюз

Тенденции на развитие на безработицата в България преди и след присъединяването ѝ към Европейския съюз
(Trends of Development of Unemployment in Bulgaria Before and After the EU Accession)

  • Author(s):Atanas Atanassov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:184-191
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Unemployment; Trends; Distribution of Unemployment; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:Careful study of unemployment trends in Bulgaria before and after membership in The European Union (EU) is an important topic. The main objective of this report is to examine the dynamics of unemployment in Bulgaria before and after its accession to the EU. For this purpose, are used a number of key indicators measuring unemployment in the country and were made comparisons of the indicators in the country with those of the EU. The study covers the changing structure of unemployed in Bulgaria before and after accession to the EU and for this purpose are used indicators such as age, gender, education of the unemployed and others. The report finished with conclusions about estimated trends in unemployment and the labour market in the country after EU accession.
Принципите на счетоводството в контекста на анализа на финансовите резултати и финансовото състояние на предприятието

Принципите на счетоводството в контекста на анализа на финансовите резултати и финансовото състояние на предприятието
(Accounting Principles in the Context of the Analysis of Enterprise’s Financial Results and Financial Position)

  • Author(s):Rositsa Ivanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Accounting - Business Administration
  • Page Range:192-202
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Directive; Financial Statements; Accounting Principles; Financial Analysis
  • Summary/Abstract:In compliance with Directive 2013/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013, a new Accountancy Act has been adopted in Bulgaria, which is in force from the beginning of 2016. The Act sets out the accounting principles on the basis of which the items stated in the enterprises’ financial statements are recognized and measured. Financial statements should accurately and fairly present the enterprise’s property and financial position, financial results, cash flows, equity and the efficiency of its overall business. This publication studies the issues of accounting principles in the context of the new accountancy legislation. The subject matter of the study is the effect of the accounting principles on the financial results and the financial position of the enterprise.
Ритейл кредитирането в България: девет години по-късно

Ритейл кредитирането в България: девет години по-късно
(Retail Lending in Bulgaria: Nine Years Later)

  • Author(s):Valya Vasileva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy
  • Page Range:203-211
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Retail Lending; Consumer Loans; Housing Loans; Banks
  • Summary/Abstract:The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the state and the trends of retail lending in Bulgaria. The analysis covers the period from the beginning of our country’s membership in the European Union in 2007 until mid-2016. The study outlines the general picture of the main types of loans extended to households by the commercial banks – consumer and housing loans. The analysis of the state and the trends in these segments of the banking credit market indicates significant changes, caused by the impact of various factors regarding the quantity and quality of loans. The paper extrapolates the main issues and prospects for growth of retail lending.
Дигитален маркетинг и промени в управлението на международния маркетинг

Дигитален маркетинг и промени в управлението на международния маркетинг
(Digital marketing and changes in the international marketing management)

  • Author(s):Alexander Hristov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Marketing / Advertising
  • Page Range:212-218
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Digital Marketing; International Marketing; Marketing Management
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents some of the main contemporary trends in the development of digital marketing – both in a global perspective and in the operational activities in the companies. A position has been discussed, that following the development of the digital marketing activities there are increasing needs for changes in the international marketing management. Those changes can be hardly classifies as directed either to universalization or regionalization, since they are combining elements of both of them.
Маркетингови стратегии на външните пазари

Маркетингови стратегии на външните пазари
(Marketing Strategies for the Foreign Markets)

  • Author(s):Nadya Ivanova Marinova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:219-222
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:Marketing; Market Share; Profit; Strategy; Foreign Market
  • Summary/Abstract:Marketing strategy is the basis for activities in specific market conditions. In international activities distinguish the following basic marketing strategies: a strategy for winning or expanding market share; innovation strategy; Strategy for differentiating the output; strategy of waiting; strategy to reduce production costs; strategy for individualization of users. The release of one entity level international marketing it is to choose the best – best organization in its international activities. It can be at – least three basic forms -export, joint venture and direct property.
Възможности за постиганe на иновации чрез аутсорсинг

Възможности за постиганe на иновации чрез аутсорсинг
(Opportunities to Achieve Innovation Through Outsourcing)

  • Author(s):Magdalina Genova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:223-234
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Outsourcing; Business Process Outsourcing; Innovations; Strategic Management
  • Summary/Abstract:Innovations are one of the main preconditions for achieving competitive advantages in the international business. One of the possible ways to obtain such advantages is though the utilization of external innovation channels – scientific organizations, start-up investments and service providers – independent entities. One of the most flexible and fast innovation channels is the business process outsourcing to external organizations which though their experience and resources could contribute to the business process improvement, technology advancement and even to create new products for the client company. The innovation outsourcing bears certain risks though due to the often lack of adequate strategy, planning, systematic understanding of the innovation activities, reliable contractual framework, poor relationship management with the service providers. These risks could be minimized with the alignment of the innovation strategy with the general business strategy of the company, change in the company culture and the management of the innovation project since earlier stages in accordance with the best practices and through specific instruments such as Oshri and Kotlarsky Innovation Steps. This way, by maximizing the utilization of external service providers and the establishment of long-term partnerships we could create competitive advantages and benefits for all stakeholders.
Стратегическите съюзи и партньорства като форма на международно фирмено сътрудничество в автомобилната индустрия

Стратегическите съюзи и партньорства като форма на международно фирмено сътрудничество в автомобилната индустрия
(International Strategic Alliances as a Form of Business Cooperation in the Automotive Industry)

  • Author(s):Svetoslav Mladenov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:235-248
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Firm Strategy; External Growth; Strategic Alliances; Strategic Partnerships; Automotive Industry
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper studies the forms and the motives for formation of international strategic alliances encompassing the different economic activities of the firm across the value chain. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that the international strategic alliances are a viable alternative for the companies from the automotive industry to achieve their strategic objectives and improve their competitiveness. To achieve this goal a classification of the forms of strategic alliances in the different areas of cooperation across the value chain is made. Additionally, several examples of cooperation are outlined based on the case study approach.
Управление на рисковете, свързани със заинтересованите лица, в поделения на международни компании в България или местни компании с чуждо участие

Управление на рисковете, свързани със заинтересованите лица, в поделения на международни компании в България или местни компании с чуждо участие
(Management of Risks Related to Stakeholders in Affiliations of Foreign Companies in Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Zhelyazko Valchev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Management and complex organizations
  • Page Range:249-258
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Stakeholders; Stakeholders Relations; Risk Management; International Companies; International Management; Corporate Governance
  • Summary/Abstract:The article reviews risk management conducted by stakeholders in affiliations of foreign companies in Bulgaria or local companies with foreign participation. Author defines what is risk and cites various factors determining the risk level for a company. The research aims at presenting good practices in risk mitigation and risk management related to the companies’ stakeholders. The second objective of the research is to review some specifics in the acquisition of affiliations in Bulgaria or involvement from international shareholders in the local companies – transition from socialism to capitalism, privatization and supranational factors such as the Bulgarian membership in the EU. The third goal of this research is to analyze the business activity of some of the prominent companies in Bulgaria owned by international groups or those who attracted foreign direct investments. In conclusion, author summarizes the data analyzed in the research and defines main trends and observations through the prism of the international business, international management and corporate governance.
Имплементиране на принципите на "Зелената книга - Европейска рамка за корпоративно управление" - по примера на БФБ

Имплементиране на принципите на "Зелената книга - Европейска рамка за корпоративно управление" - по примера на БФБ
(Implementing of the Principles of 'Green Paper - The EU Corporate Governance Framework" - Case Study of BSE)

  • Author(s):Stanislava Lalova, Dimitar Ivanov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:259-272
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Corporate Governance; Stock Exchanges; Listed Companies
  • Summary/Abstract:The current economic and social lives have repeatedly shaken by a number of financial and debt crises, the consequences of which led to the collapse of many corporations and organizations which simultaneously served as a lesson for the future work of others. The recommendations, which were derived in the field of modern corporate governance were set out in a series of Books, Regulations, Principles, Laws and Codes forming the framework for corporate governance based on the acquired practices. An interesting endeavour is tracking the recommendations drawn 5 years ago in the "Green Paper – European framework for CG" and whether and how they have been transposed to the National Code of CG of the Bulgarian Stock Exchange nowadays. The report examines all the principles in details and is trying to find some common ground also reflected by the Principles of CG OECD that also underwent a revision in the past year. The joint regulatory system for CG represents a great interest because it is based on a set of regulations in the form of laws and also the so-called soft law – some recommendations of the best CG practices. And it is this unity of regulations that put in the current Bulgarian business situation is undeniably intriguing for every economist, researcher and economic subject.
Споделена социална отговорност между частния сектор и наддържавните институции в Европа – къде стои бизнеса в бежанската криза

Споделена социална отговорност между частния сектор и наддържавните институции в Европа – къде стои бизнеса в бежанската криза
(Shared Social Responsibility Between the Private Sector and Supranational Institutions in Europe - Where is the Business in The Refugee Crisis)

  • Author(s):Stanislava Lalova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Welfare systems, Human Resources in Economy, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
  • Page Range:273-283
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Refugee; CSR; Petrol Business; European Institutions; Dublin Regulation; UNHCR
  • Summary/Abstract:The last decade has made the whole world, in particular Europe and the EU, direct witnesses and participants in a number of processes and phenomena that have left a strong mark on the economic and social situation of the new globalized world. Undoubtedly one of the biggest events that still stays under the public eye and is continuously covered by the media is the refugee wave that swept the EU. European institutions and the UN tirelessly launch and build programs in order to address and tackle the pressing problems. It is of particular interest to follow the reaction and actions of the private sector in this situation. The object of this study are three of the major oil companies that have European origin and their headquarters are based in the EU – how and whether they introduce and update their programs for corporate social responsibility in connection with the current events? What other major European-based companies handle the situation? Can the private sector and the supranational institutions work together and find the right path to economic and social stabilization?
Сравнителен анализ на практиките по корпоративно управление на банковите групи на Сосиете Женерал и Уникредит в ЕС

Сравнителен анализ на практиките по корпоративно управление на банковите групи на Сосиете Женерал и Уникредит в ЕС
(Comparative Analysis of Corporate Governance Practices of Societe Generale and UniCredit Bank Groups in the EU)

  • Author(s):Dimitar Ivanov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:284-302
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:Corporate Governance; Banking Sector; Financial Institutions
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this report is to analyse to what extent Societe Generale and UniCredit bank groups are following corporate governance practices recommended by international institutions such as Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Bank for International Settlements, European Banking Authority, EU directives and regulations as well as other country-specific rules. The ratio regulations-good practices in banks’ corporate governance serves as a factor determining their good economic performance and which factor occurs similarly in both baking groups. Considering the significance and the span of their business activities, it is of extreme importance to establish an adequate framework for corporate governance which shall adhere to, and where possible, to pre-empt regulatory requirements by the supervisory authorities. This is being done with the purpose of delivering better reporting and supervisory functions over the banking structures not only on a parent company level but on subsidiaries level too.
Усъвършенстване ориентирането на нови служители в компаниите

Усъвършенстване ориентирането на нови служители в компаниите
(Elaborating the Orientation Process for New Employees in the Company)

  • Author(s):Kiril Dimitrov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:303-310
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Human Resource Management; Human Capital; Talent Management
  • Summary/Abstract:This report reveals important nuances in the rich palette of ways in realizing the activities, attributed to onboarding of new employees as a part of talent management initiatives, undertaken by a leading outsourcing company in India. A set of good practices is identified that may support other business organizations – even from different industries, to accelerate new employee performance to the levels of the colleagues with long tenure in the company, to reduce the personnel turnover to acceptable (healthy) levels for the respective business and continuously to engage them with the aims of the firm.
Нов подход в организация на маркетинга в сектор "Услуги"

Нов подход в организация на маркетинга в сектор "Услуги"
(New Approach in the Organization of Marketing in the Sector of Services)

  • Author(s):Nikolai Shterev, Dariel Ignatov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Marketing / Advertising
  • Page Range:311-316
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Marketing Organization; Marketing Process; Services Sector
  • Summary/Abstract:After years of market growth of various types of services for the general population and for business organizations and in view of the "new" priorities for industry renaissance as a factor for economic growth, the upper limits for development of the sector for services for the general population are becoming vividly visible. With the emerging trends and ever-increasing competition of companies offering a variety of business and individual services, the issues related to the marketing of the services are becoming increasingly relevant. The traditional understanding of marketing, its organization and application in the services sector refers mainly to medium and mostly large companies, but it is not applicable or respectively suitable for utilization by a number of micro and small enterprises. In accordance with the above, the report is a theoretical and methodological study of the possibilities for organizational restructuring of micro and small companies in the services sector in order to expand the marketing scope as part of their general activities. The report is structured as follows: the theoretical foundations of the marketing organization in the first paragraph, methodological guidelines for organizational restructuring of marketing in the second paragraph, and conclusions and summaries in the third, final, paragraph.
Ролята на националните пощенски оператори за интернационализиране на дейността на малкия и среден бизнес

Ролята на националните пощенски оператори за интернационализиране на дейността на малкия и среден бизнес
(The Importance of National Post Operators for the Internationalization Small and Medium Business in Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Kalina Toteva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Transport / Logistics
  • Page Range:317-332
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises; National Postal Operators; Supply Chains; E-Commerce; Internationalization
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the report is to show how national postal operators can encourage more active participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the system of international business by improving existing services and developing new ones. Two important trends in the international business environment create good preconditions for cooperation between the two groups of companies. On the one hand, the fragmentation of production stages and their establishment in different geographical areas means design and management of supply chains, and is accompanied by an increase in the importance of delivery services and new opportunities for SMEs to become suppliers of big companies. On the other hand, the use of information and communication technology in various business areas, including e-commerce, facilitates the participation of SMEs in the international market. At the same time there are various barriers with regards to the internationalization of their activities. The report brings forward a model for cooperation between SMEs and national postal operators, which takes into account the above-mentioned trends.
Влияние на Европейския съюз върху развитието на туризма в България

Влияние на Европейския съюз върху развитието на туризма в България
(Influence of the European Union on the Development of Tourism in Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Nikolay Tsonev, Stiliyana Basmadzieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Tourism
  • Page Range:333-340
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:European Policy; Alternative Tourism; Trends; European Funding; Sustainable Development
  • Summary/Abstract:Nowadays the tourist industry is one of the major and large scale sectors in the World economy. Bulgaria's EU membership influences every aspect of the country's politics and economy including the tourism sector. The development of the tourist industry and the increase of the consumer demands leads to the need for developing alternative and innovative ways for entertainment and recreation, causing the increase in popularity of the alternative specialized forms of tourism like rural tourism. The current study's goal is to capture the European politics' influence on the country's tourism, focusing on its specialized forms, while also outlining the perspectives for future development.
Изпълнение на предварителните условия и тяхното значение за програмния период 2014-2020 г.

Изпълнение на предварителните условия и тяхното значение за програмния период 2014-2020 г.
(Implementation of Pre-Conditions and their Importance for the Programing Period 2014-2020)

  • Author(s):Stoyan Neytchev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
  • Page Range:341-348
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Preconditions; Partnership Agreement; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:This report provides a brief overview and analysis of the specific document signed between the European Commission and the Republic of Bulgaria in regards with the implementation of measures and priorities during the current programming period, namely the Partnership Agreement and its section "Preconditions". A systematic analysis has been carried out on the four strategically inter-related funding priorities outlined in the Agreement, and the relation between these priorities and the respective objectives set through the Partnership Agreement has been examined.In addition to the above, author reviews the nature, scope and significance of the Preconditions section and demonstrates the link between the thematic objectives and the content of the Preconditions. Furthermore, the degree of their implementation is presented with an emphasis on those that have not yet been implemented and conclusions are offered in this regard.
Проблеми свързани с финансовата дисциплина на публични бенефициенти, при реализиране на проекти финансирани със средства от фондовете на ЕС

Проблеми свързани с финансовата дисциплина на публични бенефициенти, при реализиране на проекти финансирани със средства от фондовете на ЕС
(Problems Related to the Financial Discipline of Public Beneficiaries in the Implementation of Projects Financed by EU Funds)

  • Author(s):Stefan Petrov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
  • Page Range:349-353
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:EU Funds; ESIF; Cohesion Fund; Bulgaria
  • Summary/Abstract:After its accession to the EU, Bulgaria and especially the public entities in the country have initiated the process of an active participation and absorption of EU structural and cohesion funds. Within this process and in a situation of active and ongoing amendment of the national legislation, a number of difficulties arise pertaining to the understanding of the legal provisions. Some of these problems suggest the lack of capacity of the beneficiaries, and some appear due to misunderstanding of the regulations by the administration managing the operational programs in the country. The purpose of the study is to present individual examples of how legal provisions remain misunderstood in the process of managing EU funds, which creates preconditions for financial corrections or loss of public funds from the national budget.
Способи за избягване на нередности и финансови корекции

Способи за избягване на нередности и финансови корекции
(Means for Avoiding Irregularities and Financial Corrections)

  • Author(s):Stanislava Tzvetkova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Economic policy, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
  • Page Range:354-359
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Financial Corrections; Operational Programmes; Project Management
  • Summary/Abstract:Applying financial corrections is the most widespread way to sanction violations related to improper spending of EU funds. European and local institutions, including the European Commission, European Court of Auditors and the control authorities of the Member States are the ones who should ensure the legality and regularity of operations, financed from the EU budget. Any irregular or not due cost should be penalized and bound with corrective actions to protect the budget and to comply with the legal framework.
Показатели за финансова устойчивост на Общините в България

Показатели за финансова устойчивост на Общините в България
(Indicators of Financial Sustainability of Municipalities in Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Stefan Petrov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
  • Page Range:360-366
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Fiscal Sustainability; Fiscal Indicators; Municipalities; Bulgaria; Public Finance; Fiscal Discipline
  • Summary/Abstract:The financial stance of the municipalities and the fiscal discipline observed by them is an essential factor for the capacity of the local authorities to carry out their delegated through various laws functions at a local level. Financial position and fiscal discipline are assessed through a set of indicators defined in the Public Finance Act and supervised by the Ministry of Finance. The main goal of this paper is to calculate and analyze the values of these indicators, drawing conclusions regarding the extent to which municipalities in Bulgaria have capacity for full and effective governance of its budgets.
Българското участие в Стратегията на Европейския съюз за Дунавския регион - принос и ползи

Българското участие в Стратегията на Европейския съюз за Дунавския регион - принос и ползи
(Bulgarian Participation in the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region - Contribution and Benefits)

  • Author(s):Silviya Todorova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Sociology, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
  • Page Range:367-376
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Danube Region; EU Strategy for the Danube Region; Danube Strategy
  • Summary/Abstract:This report aims to show what the main effect is and how significant the benefits for Bulgaria are as a result of the country's participation in the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region. The first part of the report addresses key issues such as: What is the Danube Region? What are the main problems and challenges facing the countries involved? Why is it necessary to have a joint European strategy in this direction?The answers to these and other questions will give us a clear perception on the idea and the mission set in the establishment of such strategies at an EU level. The second part of the report is devoted entirely to Bulgaria's participation in the Strategy. The strategy is reviewed in detail and considered under its realization in Bulgaria in particular. The main emphasis is on the contributions and benefits of our participation in the Strategy for the Danube Region. In conclusion, the author allowed herself to draw some conclusions about the achieved results in Bulgaria.
Съюзи в рамките на Европейския съюз

Съюзи в рамките на Европейския съюз
(Unions Within the European Union)

  • Author(s):Hristo Draganov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
  • Page Range:377-386
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Development of the European Integration
  • Summary/Abstract:The European Union (EU) is created during continuous process of widening and deepening of intergovernmental cooperation and integration of European countries. The transition from one to another form of economic integration (customs union, internal market, economic and monetary union) is accompanied by the creation of particular areas of widened and deepened integration in the form of distinct unions within the EU (Financial Union, Energy Union, etc.). The creation of particular areas of widened and deepened integration in the form of distinct unions within the EU becomes a specific element of the methods applied in the EU integration.
Последици за България от отлагане на членството ѝ в Шенген в контекста на усложнената международна обстановка

Последици за България от отлагане на членството ѝ в Шенген в контекста на усложнената международна обстановка
(Consequences for Bulgaria as a Result of the Postponement of Joining the Schengen Area in the Context of Complicated International Situation)

  • Author(s):Todor Kondarev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
  • Page Range:387-396
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Schengen Area; Bulgaria; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:This report reviews the consequences experienced by Bulgaria as a result of the delayed joining to the Schengen Area. Author explains the main purpose, functions and responsibilities among the Schengen Area member countries. The aim of the research is to analyze possible domestic and foreign political reasons which cause the postponement of the Bulgarian membership to the Schengen Area.
Здравният туризъм в контекста на националното потребление

Здравният туризъм в контекста на националното потребление
(Health Tourism Within the Context of National Consumption)

  • Author(s):Zlatina Karadzhova, Stoyanka Petkova-Georgieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Micro-Economics, Tourism
  • Page Range:397-405
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Health; Medical; Wellness; Spa; Tourism; Needs; Consumption
  • Summary/Abstract:This report examined and analyzed the concepts of "health," "medical," "wellness" and "spa" tourism. It is standed and displayed strong evidence that the first term combines next three. The report highlighted the needs of society to develop and maintain the health tourism. In conclusion it is highlight the potential of Bulgaria to become a leading destination in the title field.
Етапи на професионалната компетентност на туристическия екскурзовод

Етапи на професионалната компетентност на туристическия екскурзовод
(Stages of Professional Competence of the Tour Guide)

  • Author(s):Zachary Dechev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Adult Education, Higher Education , Tourism, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:406-414
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Tour Guide; Professional Competency; Stages; Education; Qualification
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper presents the formal dimensions, criteria and possible construction stages in the development of the professional competence of a tourist guide. The first stage - primary professional competence, focuses on professional orientation and acquired professional training and education. The second stage - secondary professional competence, refers to the practical implementation of the tour guide profession, increasing the basic training and additional postgraduate qualification.
Отговорности на вносителя произтичащи от прилагането на Регламент (ЕО) №1907/2006: критичен преглед

Отговорности на вносителя произтичащи от прилагането на Регламент (ЕО) №1907/2006: критичен преглед
(Responsibilities of the Importer Ensuing from Implementation of Regulation (EC) №1907/2006: Critical Review)

  • Author(s):Bogdan Stoyanov, Venelin Marinov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, International relations/trade, Transport / Logistics
  • Page Range:415-419
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:REACH; Chemical Substances; Import; Importer; UVCB
  • Summary/Abstract:The Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 of the European parliament and the Council known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals), is imposing serious responsibilities on companies that manufacture or import chemicals into the territory of the EC in quantity bigger than 1 t/year. The present study examines the obligations of the importers and the problems in case of some non-standard business schemes and types of substances. Solutions are proposed, some of which are successfully implemented in practice.
Дигиталната парадигма в обучението и новите медии

Дигиталната парадигма в обучението и новите медии
(Digital Paradigm in Training and New Media)

  • Author(s):Zheneta Karavasileva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Adult Education, Higher Education , Human Resources in Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:420-430
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:e-Learning; Information and Communication Technologies; Digital Media; New Media Paradigm; Virtual Space; Internet
  • Summary/Abstract:The ability to choose, find and use information in today's internet society learns early years of the young digital generation. For this family, school and society are responsible for education and culture of the younger generation in an electronic environment where the world is seen on the computer screen or other electronic device. Education must be adapted to their thinking and perception of knowledge. At the same time to build a thinking person in today's online environment needed clear criteria for e-learning and access to electronic information.
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