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Sobre los préstamos eslavos en el idioma rumano moderno

Author(s): Alexandra Daniela Oprica,Tatiana A. Vorojichteva / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1-2/2015

Bulgarian and Russian students who learn Rumanian as a foreign language have been aware of the important presence of words from their own languages and wanted to enlarge this knowledge by consulting dictionaries and linguistic articles. This article is a preliminary register of Slavic borrowings on different levels – morphological, syntactic, and lexical – carried out by teacher Alexandra Daniela Oprica and PhD in Spanish Philology Tatiana Vorojichtcheva. Slavic borrowings appear in all registers and make Romanian language easily understandable for Slavic language speakers.

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За някои имена на българи, носещи белези на чужди антропонимни системи (по документи от архиви в Русия и Румъния през XVIII-XIX век)

Author(s): Mariyana Parzulova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

The paper analyzes names of Bulgarians which are perceived as foreign due to morphological instruments or phonetic changes.

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DAS LEBEN (DES MC)IST KRIEG’: Einbettungen einer konzeptuellen Metapher des Textgenres ‘Rap’ in zwei divergierende kulturelle Kontexte

Author(s): Ulrike Schröder / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2010

This paper focuses on the differences in the use of the conceptual metaphor (RAPPER’S) LIFE IS WAR in German and Brazilian rap lyrics based on the analysis of 150 German and 150 Brazilian rap lyrics. The results reveal crucial differences concerning the mapping of the adversary in both corpora. We will also show that the differences point to divergent discourse contexts, speech act types and speech functions in which each cultural rap style is embedded.

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Idle, Stricken, Or Retired: Challenges In Understanding Media Discourse On Nuclear Power

Author(s): Desislava Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Being politically, economically, environmentally, and socially significant, the topic of nuclear power enjoys high interest in the media with its complex character. On the one hand, there is nuclear power used for civil purposes which is viewed as one of the most cost-efficient power generation ways, while on the other, there is nuclear power used for military purposes as a weapon of mass destruction. The focus of the paper is on the metaphors used in the presentation of issues associated with nuclear power. The main method of analysis is CDA and the corpus analysed is comprised of articles published in the American The New York Times, the British The Independent and the Bulgarian newspaper Dnevnik over the period of a month, i.e. March 2013. This study adds to current research on metaphors as it compares and contrasts the thinking patterns exhibited by three different cultures through their media discourse.

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Russians In The Bulgarian And The British Press

Author(s): Desislava Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva,Iliyan Iliev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

The paper analyses the devices used in developing the identity of the Russian communities in Bulgaria and in the UK. The corpus for the study comprises articles from the Bulgarian Dnevnik and the British The Independent.

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Verbal Substitution

Author(s): Snejana Obeyd / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

Substitution is one of the cohesive devices in text. It is a lexicogrammatical relation and the different types are defined grammatically. This paper aims at analyzing the text-forming role of the verbal substitute „do”, functioning as a sort of „counter”, contributing to the semantic structure of text without disturbing its informational organization. The verbal substitute is typically used when the speaker/writer wants to contrast two verbal groups.

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Fifty Shades of Translation: On the Patterns in the English to Polish Translation of Erotica

Author(s): Patrycja Karpińska,Jędrzej Olejniczak / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Aim. The aim of this article is to investigate the patterns in the translation of sex-related vocabulary from English to Polish in search for any changes regarding the markedness, poetics, and linguistic variety. Methods. The study is conducted on the pairs of English erotic novels and their Polish translations. It involves both quantitative (corpus-based methods) and qualitative (Descriptive ranslation Studies) methods. Results. The results indicate significant change in the area of marked vocabulary. In English-Polish translation, a vast majority of the marked vocabulary related to sex is replaced with unmarked vocabulary, paraphrased, or simply deleted. The qualitative analysis also suggests certain changes in the poetics of text, introduced by the means of addition. These changes mostly result in sexual encounters becoming more romanticised in translation. Conclusions. While the observed trends in translation are unmistakeable, it cannot be concluded with certainty what have led to the changes of the source text. Since the analysed texts were all published around the same time, by different publishing houses, and were translated by different translators, we are leaning towards the hypothesis of self-censorship in translation.

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Reference in the Borderline of Space and Discourse: a Free Production Experiment in Estonian, Finnish and Russian

Author(s): Maria Reile,Piia Taremaa,Tiina Nahkola,Renate Pajusalu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

This study explores spatial reference in three different languages: Estonian, Finnish and Russian. We concentrate on the use of demonstratives (i.e. pronouns and adverbs), and the association between the demonstrative pronoun system (i.e. two- and three-term system) and the use of other referential devices (e.g. noun phrases and third person pronouns). More specifically, we test the influence of the distance of the referent from the speaker and change in the deictic field on the use of demonstratives. We show using a free production experiment that the use of demonstratives has a different susceptibility to these factors in different languages. Furthermore, in these languages, there is an association between the elaborateness of the demonstrative pronoun system and the use of other referential devices.

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Porównanie zasobu leksykalnego obu wydań Podręcznego słownika bibliotekarza na przykładzie słownictwa z zakresu prasoznawstwa

Author(s): Katarzyna Jamrozik,Jakub Maciej Łubocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Using the linguistic comparative method, the first (1955) and second edition (2011) of the Podręczny słownik bibliotekarza were checked for similarities and differences in the lexicographic world view of the press vocabulary. The analysis was preceded by an outline of the advantages and disadvantages of both editions. The analysis proceeded on three levels, which were of quantitative and qualitative character. The first level compared which of the entries appear in both editions, and which only in one. In this way, a list of 148 entries in the field of press was obtained (1955: 78 – 3.60% of all entries; 2011: 146 – 3.46%; 2011: 70 entries were added, 2 removed, and 5 non-press entries gained the press meaning). At the second level, the entries appearing in both editions (76 entries) were checked for formal similarities and differences (if the entry has literally the same shape (9) / literally the same content but in a different language shape (19) / entry has different shape of content and language (48)). At the third level, the last category of entries was checked, what was the essence of the changes: clarification of definition (12), extension of definition (10), increase (9) or decrease (2) the number of definition meanings, change in the meaning of definitions (3), change in meaning due to technological, social or ideological transformations (3), giving non-press definition the press meaning (5), replacing the enumeration of synonymous words with a full definition (2). The results of the analysis did not allow to draw general conclusions considering the trends in the development of press lexis/terminology: the majority of changes observed in the definitions did not result from their adaptation to the changes of the modern world, but from the elimination of errors and inaccuracies. It was also not gauged which part of the entries introduced for the first time in 2011 was caused by the development of the press studies and which part was caused by the removal of the omissions from 1955.

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Partitativni kvantifikatori u engleskom i crnogorskom jeziku

Author(s): Dragana Dedović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/2011

This paper analyzes partitive quantifiers and tries to deepen the linguistic understanding of partitive quantifiers, as well as to draw attention to the significance of the notion of partitive quantifiers for general linguistic theory. The analysis is based on the linguistic corpus of the English language and, applying the method of contrastive analysis, the findings and conclusions are transferred to the Montenegrin language.

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PRILOG KLASIFIKACIJI SLAVIZAMA U TALIJANSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Maja Bezić,Ivana Granić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2017

Se paragonati ai prestiti provenienti da altre lingue europee, gli slavismi non sono così numerosi nella lingua italiana e finora non stati studiati dettagliatamente. Il presente contributo si propone di raccogliere gli slavismi presenti nel vocabolario monolingue della lingua italiana, di classificarli in base al campo semantico, categoria grammaticale, lingua d’origine e datazione, nonché in base alla loro integrazione nella lingua italiana. Con il termine slavismo designiamo i prestiti integrati e non integrati che sono entrati nella lingua italiana da varie lingue slave quali il russo, croato, serbo, sloveno, ceco, polacco, bosniaco, slovacco, bulgaro e ucraino, come pure i loro derivati e i derivati formati dalle parole slave. Il corpus viene tratto dal vocabolario monolingue italiano Lo Zingarelli. Vocabolario della lingua italiana di Nicola Zingarelli (ZIN). Nel corpus predominano i nomi relativi al campo semantico della terminologia politica e militare, il che è in relazione con l’ alto numero degli slavismi provenienti dal russo. Si tratta di prestiti che entrarono nella lingua italiana nel corso dell’Ottocento e del Novecento, che nella maggior parte si sono adattati ortograficamente, fonologicamente e/o morfologicamente alla lingua ricevente. Abbiamo anche notato tanti casi di forme alterate di slavismi nei quali spesso una forma intergrata si alterna alle forme non integrate. I casi di derivati formati dagli slavismi sono rari, però sono interessanti in quanto confermano un alto grado d’integrazione e la produttività dei rispettivi prestiti.

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О СООТНОШЕНИИ ПРИЧИННЫХ И КАУЗАТИВНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ

Author(s): Victor Samuilovich Khrakovsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

The paper is a study into causal and causative constructions on cross-linguistic evidence. These constructions differ in their syntactic structure, where a causal construction is a two-clause construction typically built as a complex sentence,while a causative construction is a single-clause structure typically built as a simple sentence. Correspondingly, they are described in different grammar sections. At the same time, since both construction types characterize complex causative situations consisting of a situation of Cause and a situation of Cause-Determined Consequence, this provides a ground for their contrastive study. In complex sentences, a subordinate clause describes the cause, and a main clause – its consequence. Additionally, subordinate clauses include variously built causative relation markers. These are mostly conjunctions, though a verb morpheme or a verb clitic can fulfill this role as well. In causative constructions, causative relations can be marked by a morpheme inside a derivative causative verb form, or by a functional causative verb used in the predicate position. All verb arguments (except the first argument) in such constructions pose as situation participants,with the first argument position filled by the cause-situation agent (or the cause situation itself, where it has no participants). The fundamental difference between the two constructions is that the focus of a causal situation is the situation of Cause, while the focus of a causative situation is the situation of Consequence.

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O INICIJALNIM DISKURSNIM OZNAKAMA U HRVATSKOM I TALIJANSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Magdalena Nigoević,Ana Nevešćanin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2011

The topic of this article is to identify some Croatian linguistic elements that can function as initial discourse markers and to compare them to the equivalent elements in the Italian language. The insufficient representation of their discourse usage in Croatian and Italian dictionaries and grammar books is pointed out by the authors. Some of the difficulties which occur when describing discourse markers are indicated: semantic and pragmatic meaning oscillation, possibilities of initial marker usages in various contexts and with different functions, as well as their salient multi-functionality. Since these discourse markers have interactional functions which indicate a relationship towards the interaction process, special attention is paid to the discourse structure rules, conversation forms and mechanisms that control the communication processes in both languages. By comparing Croatian and Italian examples, the authors attempt to recognize the prototypical representatives of the functional category of initial discourse markers and to exemplify some similarities and differences in the usage of each language element which functions as initial discourse marker.

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Simultaneität ≠ Gleichzeitigkeit. Zeittheorie in anglophonen Zeiten

Author(s): Johannes Ullmaier / Language(s): English,German Issue: 28/2019

This paper pursues three goals at once: 1) to report introductory on a research project funded in Germany – see this column, which should ideally be read continuously at first, 2) to do the same in parallel in German – see (where applicable) the opposite column, which would then be explored by comparison, and so 3) to demonstrate by means of a generally understandable and interdisciplinary topic to what kind of irritations (to mono-anglophone readers) respectively difficulties (to polylingual readers) the representation of non-anglophone theories in Global Science English may entail.

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PARTICULARIDADES SINTÁCTICAS DEL LENGUAJE DE LOS JÓVENES ESPAÑOLES Y RUMANOS EN LAS REDES SOCIALES

Author(s): Carmen-Valentina Candale / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2020

Syntactic Features of the Language of Romanian and Spanish Young People in Social Media. The technological evolution from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 has generated new ways of communicating over the Internet that allow the user to create varied content and therefore promote the use of a language which corresponds firstly to its subjectivity and only secondly to the rules of the language and principles of organizing the discourse of the standard language. The aim of this study is to comparatively analyse the syntactic features specific to this type of language, within the social group of young Spanish and young Romanians, using for this a corpus consisting of language samples collected from four of the most used social media platforms: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Tinder. Therefore, some of the most relevant features identified are: the pragmatic order of the utterance’s units, the tendency to use the coordination and the creative connection of the utterances, the presence of unorganized constructions around a verb in personal form, the inseration of graphic elements and links into text and the use of exclamations and interrogations.

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ROM. ATUNCI AND SP. ENTONCES: FROM ADVERBS TO DISCOURSE MARKERS. SOME CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCES

Author(s): Cecilia-Mihaela Popescu,Oana Adriana Duță / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Rom. Atunci and Sp. Entonces: from Adverbs to Discourse Markers. Some Convergences and Divergences. This study describes the semantic and functional behaviour of the Romanian adverb atunci and the Spanish adverb entonces. Our contrastive approach puts forward a common typology for the discursive values of these two lexemes which share the same etymon and shows that, across the times, they have followed a similar evolution path, from a temporal adverb to a polyfunctional discursive marker. Using examples from the CoRoLa corpus for Romanian and the CORPES corpus for Spanish, the study outlines that atunci and entonces cover a mostly similar range of discursive functions, but with different degrees of development.

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LES ÉQUIVALENTS EN FRANÇAIS DE L’ADVERBE ROUMAIN CAM DANS SES DIFFÉRENTS EMPLOIS

Author(s): Daciana Vlad / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2020

Semantic and pragmatic values of the Romanian adverb cam and their equivalents in French. This article deals with the semantic and pragmatic values of the Romanian adverb cam and aims at identifying their equivalents in French. The adverb cam lacks syntactic and semantic autonomy and needs a lexical support to form very diverse syntactic structures, its semantic value depending on the nature and meaning of this support as well as on context. The analysis of the French translations of the examples containing cam shows that its French equivalents may also belong to other word classes besides that of the adverb. This analysis also shows that the heteronyms of cam make explicit its semantical values and that the two translation units do not establish a direct heteronymic relationship.

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DÉFIS DE LA TRADUCTION DU BÂILLON D’É.-E. SCHMITT EN ROUMAIN ET EN PORTUGAIS. ÉTUDE COMPARATIVE DES TEMPS VERBAUX

Author(s): Vlad Dobroiu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2020

Translating Le Bâillon by Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt from French into Romanian and Portuguese: Comparative Study of the Uses of Tenses. When translating Le Bâillon by Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt from French into Romanian and Portuguese, we realized that the sequence of tenses is quite different from one language to another, even though we could identify multiple pairs of apparently similar tenses, such as “le passé simple”/ “perfectul simplu”/ “o pretérito perfeito simples”. The main issue is that these tenses have different semantic and stylistic values in Romanian, French and Portuguese.

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L’UTILISATION DU SUBJONCTIF DANS LES SUBORDONNÉES COMPLÉTIVES EN FRANÇAIS ET EN ITALIEN

Author(s): Louis Begioni / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2020

The Use of Conjunctive in Object Clauses in French and Italian. Our study aims at exploring subjunctive modes in completive subordinates in French and Italian. The differences in the syntactic behavior of these verbs are sometimes important especially when French mainly employs the indicative mode while Italian prefers the subjunctive one. To understand these differences we refer to the concept of “deflexivity” which shows a different synchronic systemic balance between the two languages due to a shifting in the historical evolution. The interlocutive orientation of the verbs from a semantic point of view – the objective verbs oriented towards an external reality and the subjective verbs oriented towards the subject - and the different values of the subjunctive, modal (virtual) in French and modal and temporal in Italian, contribute to the explanation of the main differences.

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WOMEN, PROVERBS AND CULTURE DIVERSITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KOREAN AND ROMANIAN PROVERBS

Author(s): Elena Buja / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The paper aims at examining some traditional values related to the women living in two geographically and culturally distant cultures (Korean and Romanian) the way they emerge from proverbs that reflect the many roles women have had in society (daughters, mothers, wives, mother-in-laws), as well as their positive and negative characteristics. The premise I have started out from is that despite the huge differences between Korea and Romania there are many similarities in the women-related proverbs. My main interest is in unraveling the inequalities between men and women, in finding out men's attitudes towards their female peers, and in identifying whether the Korean women have enjoyed a better treatment than their Romanian sisters. I am convinced that by scrutinizing the lessons of life transmitted through their languages, we can obtain a wealth of data about these cultures and a better understanding of them.

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