CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

ASPECTE PRIVIND ACTIVITATEA ORGANELOR REPRESIVE ÎN SUDUL BASARABIEI ÎN PERIOADA 1944-1953. CAZUL FAMILIEI JOLEA

Author(s): Aliona Accebaș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2020

The article deals with the analyses of the content and main directions of the struggle of the Soviet state security bodies against the so-called anti-Soviet element in 1944-1953 based on declassified archival documents. On the example of Jolea’s family from the city of Izmail, Izmail region, is represented a multifaceted picture of the life of the average family of the region in the post-war punitive and repressive policy of the Soviet government, which caused many human tragedies: loss of relatives, forcible severance of family ties, destruction of established way life. The consequences of these repressions for decades in advance determined complex and contradictory processes and significantly affected the psychology of the post-war generations of Izmail region.

More...

Aspecte ale activităţii comuniste în Banat (1945)

Author(s): Radu Păiușan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2020

The introduction of communism in Banat, which has become more pregnant since 1945, is closely linked with the establishment of communism in Bucharest, that is, with the seizure of the political power to make communities with the help of the Soviet occupation armies. The year 1945 started for Banat, in the plan of political decisions to deport a German to the Soviet Union and a series of demonstrations for the care was installed in a request for the government of the National Democratic Front. In 1945, the main tasks of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the regional and county organization were: organizing the local level, creating parties and influencing the sale of the population. In Banat, during the time, the former mayors and notaries replaced the members or supporters of the FND, but, in the phase of doing so, the majority of the population remained faithful to the historical, parties "(the National Peasant Party and the National Liberal Party). Then, the Party The Romanian Communist is also involved in the implementation of the agrarian reform and in improving the supply of the population with products of first necessity. So, in 1945, it is possible to communicate in the otherwise intense Banat counties, which had a result of the Romanian Communist Party.

More...

Týral Antonín Zápotocký spoluvězně?

Author(s): Michal Stehlík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2021

Antonín Zápotocký (1884–1957), one of Czechoslovakia’s presidents, was on the scene of some of this country’s historical moments for more than half a century and was also sometimes directly involved. It is therefore no wonder that his life story also includes a lot of ambiguities and rumours. The greatest question of his career is the allegation of the war crimes he allegedly committed in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp against his fellow Dutch prisoners.

More...

„Milý a bodrý stařeček“

Author(s): Petr Zídek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2021

No one has as yet written a biography of Václav Šturc (1858–1939) and there is not a single study on his life and political work, which are quite difficult to reconstruct from the fragments preserved in the primary sources and scarce mentions in the historical literature. The impression they give, however, is one of a remarkable character who deserves greater attention.

More...

Socialismus činu proti „vlažnému blátu“

Author(s): Ondřej Slačálek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2021

Most of the former anarchists in the Czech lands joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in two waves. The radical ones around Stanislav Kostka Neumann were involved in its foundation, but they were only a small minority compared to the left-wing Social Democrats. The majority of the former anarchist movement led by Bohuslav Vrbenský merged with the Communist Party later, in 1925. There are specific reasons and an inner logic behind this almost complete organisational dissolution of Czech anarchism and its merger with the Communist Party.

More...

Naši němečtí soudruzi

Author(s): Jakub Vrba / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2021

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was one of the anti-system parties during the so-called First Czechoslovak Republic, while at the same time it was the only political entity that reflected the multi-ethnicity of the state. It lost its Czech-German character during World War Two, after which some German-speaking party officials moved to the German Democratic Republic. Those who stayed did not regain any great influence, even though several German-speaking officials were appointed to senior state or party positions.

More...

Ten druhý svět, ta druhá KSČ

Author(s): Jan Adamec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2021

Only a few months after the establishment of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in Prague, another party of the same type, the Communist Party of China, was established thousands of kilometres away. Even though they shared the same ideology as well as their membership of the Komintern, the two worlds could not have been farther apart.

More...

Pomohlo, že jsem žena

Author(s): Petr Zídek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2021

An interview with Dana Kyndrová focusing on how she took photographs of the last moments of the Soviet military presence in Czechoslovakia in the early 1990s.

More...

Konec neslavného spojenectví

Author(s): Matěj Bílý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2021

Thirty years ago, on 1 July 1991, the Warsaw Pact was dissolved in Prague. The anniversary of the dissolution of this military and political alliance of the Soviet Union and the states within its sphere of interest in Europe has traditionally attracted attention from the Czech media. Even though the quality of information presented to the Czech public on these occasions has been improving, many stereotypes can still be seen which considerably ignore the shift in historical research into the Warsaw Pact that has been conducted in recent years.

More...

Sinuhet za mřížemi. K osudům jednoho překladu a životnímu příběhu překladatelky Marty Hellmuthové

Author(s): Petra Loučová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 38/2021

This study presents the professional and life story of translator Marta Hellmuthová (1917–1988), both in the context of cultural and political history and as a contribution to the so‑called translator studies. Hellmuthová, the educated and linguistically gifted wife of a diplomat, decided to learn Finnish in order to make Mika Waltari’s novel Sinuhet The Egyptian available to Czech readers. Thanks to archival research, it was discovered that the translation of one of the most popular books in the Czech Republic was partly done in the late 1950s behind the bars of the Pardubice correctional labour camp, where Hellmuthová had been wrongly imprisoned. While the 1950s and 1960s were a period in which she struggled to establish a position as a translator, the years of so‑called normalization, which brought significant progress in Czechoslovak‑Finnish relations, strengthened her position and allowed her to become Waltari’s “court translator” and at the same time an esteemed translator from Finnish; this thanks to her determination, hard work and high‑quality translations, and probably also years of good relations with the diplomatic corps of Finland.

More...

Lék na všechny nedostatky? Studijně‑analytická práce v ministerstvu vnitra v 60. letech 20. století

Author(s): Milan Bárta / Language(s): Czech Issue: 38/2021

In context of the social development in communist Czechoslovakia, voices calling for the need for fundamental reforms also began to be heard in the security apparatus in the mid-1960s. Following the example of the Soviet Union and according to the instructions of the Czechoslovak Communist Party (KSČ) leadership, a study‑analytical group was established in 1963 in the Ministry of the Interior, which was expanded to the Study Department in 1966 and to the Study Institute during the Prague Spring in early August 1968. It brought together highly educated workers who maintained contacts with reformists in the ranks of the Communist Party. Against the leadership of the Ministry of the Interior and the State Security (StB), defending the continuation of the tendencies of the strictly repressive component following the 1950s, they advocated the modernization of the ministry, where the State Security would significantly reduce its activities, especially against Czechoslovak citizens. The conflict culminated in 1968 during the Prague Spring, when Josef Pavel became Minister of the Interior. The reforms prepared by the Study Institute were to become a new program for the reorganization of the security apparatus. The subsequent entry of the troops of the five states of the Warsaw Pact into Czechoslovakia in August 1968 definitively resolved that the security forces, and in particular the StB, would remain the mainstay of the regime, still associated primarily with repression against internal opponents.

More...

Časopisy Federálního ministerstva vnitra ČSSR v období tzv. normalizace

Author(s): Tomáš Malínek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 38/2021

The study deals with periodicals published in the 1970s and 1980s by the Federal Min- istry of the Interior (FMV) of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR). These are mainly the magazines Signál (Signal), Bezpečnost (Security) and Pohraničník – Stráž vlasti (Border Guard – Guardian of the Homeland). Their editorial staff also created the content of the magazines Přílohové čtení Signálu, B ‑Bezpečnost and Stop hranice. The text gives a detailed outline of the organisational, personnel, content and economic development of these periodicals. The weekly Signál was one of the most popular youth magazines of the time. In addition to texts that popularised the activities of the state security forces, it also offered readers articles devoted to sports, culture and motoring. On the other hand, throughout its existence, Bezpečnost remained more of a departmental magazine intended primarily for members of the National Security Corps (SNB). The editors of both magazines were transferred to the FMV in the early 1970s after deep personnel purges associated with the beginning of so -called normal‑ isation. The fortnightly magazine Pohraničník – Stráž vlasti was founded in 1979 and was primarily intended for members of the Border Guard (PS), pioneers and the pop- ulation of border regions. Efforts to adapt these magazines to the post -revolutionary social conditions failed. Bezpečnost and Pohraničník – Stráž vlasti ceased publication in 1990. The last issue of Signál was published in 1994. Přílohové čtení Signálu, which consisted mainly of detective stories, on the other hand, remained popular amongst readers after 1989 and is still published in a modified form to this day. On the other hand, the magazines B ‑Bezpečnost and Stop hranice, whose main task was to popular- ize the activities of the SNB and the Border Guard respectively, ceased to exist togeth- er with their “parent” magazines Bezpečnost and Pohraničník – Stráž vlasti in 1990.

More...

Žádám o vyslovení absolutního zákazu Odbor zahraničního tisku jako součást informační politiky ministerstva vnitra

Author(s): Adam Havlík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 38/2021

The paper deals with the topic of one particular department of the Czechoslovak Fed- eral Ministry of Interior (FMV), which was in charge of the control over the foreign press in the 1970s and 1980s. This included foreign magazines, officially ordered by the Czechoslovak state but also individually imported press or books. The foreign press and the dissemination of the information contained in it posed a potential risk to the ruling Czechoslovak Communist Party (KSČ), and therefore its import was subject to a relatively strict control. As part of the State Security (StB), the so -called Foreign Press Department (OZT) supervised printed matter imported into the country. Among other things, his employees worked undercover at post offices, where they inspected packages with foreign magazines and books and removed „suspicious“ titles from cir- culation. They thus participated in censoring and directing the flow of information so that it was in line with the Communist Party’s ideas. The study focuses on the mecha- nisms on which the everyday work of the department was based. At the same time, it follows the personnel and the social profile of those who participated in its operation.

More...

Der politische Strafvollzug in der Ära Honecker. Gefängniswesen, Haftbedingungen, politische Gefangene und das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit in der DDR (1970–1989)

Author(s): Tobias Wunschik / Language(s): German Issue: 38/2021

In the German Democratic Republic (GDR), both political and criminal prisoners after their conviction were kept together in prisons under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior. Formally, the same rules applied to them, but opponents of the regime (as in many dictatorships) were often treated more strictly. Supervision by the public prosecutor’s office was mostly limited to formal questions. Compared to the 1950s, de- tention conditions improved until the era of Erich Honecker: assaults by the guards be- came less frequent and contacts with family were more often tolerated. However, after phases of liberalisation, the conditions of detention also tightened time and time again. Basically nothing changed in the degrading treatment and omnipresent regimentation. Compared to the early years, work assignments were even better organised, which led to an increased workload for the inmates. The surveillance measures of the State Secu- rity (Stasi), which employed many informers among the prison staff as well as among the inmates, were also perfected in the later years. As a form of “disruptive measures”, the secret police occasionally saw to it that the very persons who did not cooperate but appeared to be particularly “dangerous” to the secret police were thought of as informers. Concealing political persecution in this way was the result of a subtle regard for public opinion in the West, which had a comparatively strong impact on the penal system of the GDR. Another peculiarity was the ransom of political prisoners, which from 1963 led to the early release of an average of 1200 prisoners per year.

More...

Trest smrti pro zrádce. Likvidační oddíl kontrarozvědky Hlavního velitelství Zemské armády v utajení a ve Varšavském povstání

Author(s): Katarzyna Utracka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2014

More than seventy years ago a Counterintelligence unit was established at the Main Directorate of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa). The soldiers of this unit, designated as 993/W, risked their lives when executing traitors and Gestapo informers in the streets of occupied Warsaw, to join the fighting during the Warsaw Uprising in August and September 1944 as the Zemsta (Revenge) platoon of the Pięść (Fist) battalion of the Home Army at the barricades in the Warsaw districts of Wola, Śródmieście and Stare Miasto, and in the Kampinos forest.

More...

Ve službách strany. Hlavní výbor KSČ na Federálním ministerstvu vnitra ČSSR v roce 1989

Author(s): Lukáš Cvrček,Milan Bárta / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2014

The absolute subordination of the security forces to the leadership of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the unconditional fulfilment of its policy was one of the pillars of the communist party’s dictatorship in Czechoslovakia. The party headquarters enforced its will through loyal individuals purposefully appointed to managerial posts at the Federal Ministry of the Interior as well as in state administration, the army, the media, economic, academic and cultural institutions, and in all other spheres of the country’s public and economic life.

More...

Operativní průzkum centrály Státní bezpečnosti. Neznámá kapitola z demonstrace 17. listopadu 1989

Author(s): Pavel Žáček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2014

The deployment of the security forces, especially the performance of the so-called operative reconnaissance by several units of the National Security Corps, remains a virtually unknown chapter in the history of the intervention against the students’ demonstration in Národní St. in Prague on 17 November 1989.

More...

Malíř spolupracovník. Dílo Přemysla Šmída malované i namluvené

Author(s): Petr Placák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2015

Přemysl Šmíd is a Czech painter and an illustrator who joined the cultural underground and an art scene during the normalisation era. Unfortunately not only as an artist, but also a secret StB collaborator. Šmíd (under his cover name Kovář) informed the State Security (StB) on the anti-regime activities, StB knew perfectly well what was going on in the underground and his collaboration also led to the cancellation of many illegal exhibitions. In a section “Galerie” we present you not only his work, but also his reports.

More...

Památník pracovního tábora v Recsku

Author(s): Jiří Plachý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2017

A forced labour camp was established in October 1950, which was unusual in that the prisoners were completely isolated from the outside world. Those who were sent to the camp completely vanished, and their families had no reports about them. Even the locals had no idea that there was a camp in the forests, some three kilometres from the village of Recsk. The prisoners worked in the nearby stone quarry. Everything was under the control of the Hungarian secret political police ÁVH (Államvédelmi Hatóság). Just like elsewhere, and possibly even more so here due to the nature of the camp, the prisoners were exposed to the cruelty of the guards, hunger, cold, and most importantly the exhausting 14–16 hours of hard labour every day. Some 1500 prisoners in total were imprisoned in the camp during its existence.

More...

„Opuštění republiky“. Devět dokumentů k odsouzení Karla Kryla v roce 1975

Author(s): Petr Blažek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2014

This year we commemorate seventy years from the birth and twenty years from the death of the songwriter, poet and artist Karel Kryl. In May 1975, he was sentenced in absentia to 15 months in prison and the confiscation of his property for the crime called “Abandoning the republic”. This edition presents nine archival documents from the investigation file kept by the State Security. They are evidence of the routine procedures employed by the authorities to punish those who decided to leave Czechoslovakia for political reasons during the communist regime.

More...