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Motyw mesmeryzmu w literaturze romantycznej

Author(s): Julian Strzałkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article concerns the notion of animal magnetism in selected prose of Polish Romanticism. The first part focuses on the reception of mesmerism in the 19th century and the influence of Mesmer’s doctrine on the literature of this epoch. The second part presents an analysis of two short stories: Siła woli [The Will Power] by Józef Bohdan Dziekoński and Lekarz magnetyczny [The Magnetic Doctor] by Józef Dzierzkowski. The way in which mesmerism and its followers are shown by the authors is presented and confronted with the nineteenth century reality. The main aim of the article is to demonstrate the influence of the references to Mesmer’s theory on the tragic quality of the discussed texts.

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Alchemia pod znakiem Saturna. Tragizm i melancholia w Sędziwoju Józefa Bohdana Dziekońskiego

Author(s): Oskar Kalarus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the novel Sędziwój by Józef Bohdan Dziekoński, alchemists are shown as people strongly connected with the night. In accordance with Romantic poetics, the night makes it possible for the human being to reach beyond the limitations of rational thinking, traditionally associated with the day. Alchemists’ way of life, different from the widely adopted one, contributes to their isolation from the society – a situation which they themselves treat as one of the factors indispensable for the development of their skill. In Dziekoński’s view, alchemists are melancholic geniuses, forever alone, consciously sinking in despair and aware of the fact that happiness is one of the greatest obstacles on the way to excellence. The real value of the protagonists’ life consists in the determination and readiness to sacrifice everything to achieve their set goals rather than in any tangible effects of their work. The sacrifice of earthly life is the proof of reaching the height of humanity, which in the novel is symbolically expressed as possessing the secret of the philosopher’s stone.

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Alina kontra Balladyna. Tragizm antybaśni ukrytej za baśniową scenerią dramatu Juliusza Słowackiego

Author(s): Joanna Sapa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to analyse Balladyna by Juliusz Słowacki in terms of its intertextual references to popular tales by the Brothers Grimm: Snow White, Hansel and Gretel, and Little Red Riding Hood, and to two Ukrainian folk tales: Daughter and Stepdaughter and How the Emperor Married an Orphan Girl Maryjka. The main aim of this analysis is to discuss the analogies between the genre of tale and that of drama, visible in the structure of particular characters, and to identify the contradictory aesthetic categories which determine the text reception: the comic and the (dominant) tragic. The conclusions are as follows: firstly, Balladyna features a mixture of dramatic and fairy‑tale elements. Secondly, it is a two‑plane text, which can be read as a tale on the one hand, and as an anti‑tale on the other. Thirdly, the dominant aesthetic category here is the tragic. This final conclusion can be related to the question – very important in the Polish culture – whether a Pole has the right to laugh, especially at a time of national bondage, and to the nineteenth century sense of the tragic, which turned this category into a permanent element of the Romantic image of the world.

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Color jako termin retoryczny

Author(s): Piotr Osiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article briefly discusses the concept of color as a rhetorical term in Roman rhetorical literature. The term had several meanings: the style and character of work or speech, the stylistic device, the ornamentation or excuse and mitigating circumstance. A number of examples excerpted from Roman rhetoricians (especially from Cicero and Quintilian) and other authors which illustrate the above-mentioned meanings of this concept are quoted. Most attention, however, is devoted to the meaning of the term color in a type of declamation called controversia, in which it acquires the most technical sense: a brilliant turn in argumentation which, thanks to a skilful interpretation of facts, reduces or highlights the blame of an accused person. The term conceived in that way is usually associated with Seneca the Elder, the author of the work entitled „Oratorum et rhetorum sententiae, divisiones, colores”. Seneca not only lists examples of colores, excerpted from the other rhetorician's speeches, but also classifies and evaluates them, thus he becomes an important theoretician of the concept in question.

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Znaczenie białego cyprysu w orfickich wyobrażeniach o zaświatach

Author(s): Mariola Sobolewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In all the orphic gold tablets it is emphasized that the location of the fountain is indicated by a white cypress. What is new in the tablets is not so much the cypress, as the adjective by which it is qualified, λευκή, which means „shining” or „white”. Some authors have defended the translation „shining”, but the choice between „white’’ and „shining’’ is in fact a problem of our translations, not of the Greek term, which includes both notions simultaneously. I try to explain this question in my article.

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Идеите на Бахтин за Автобиографията и съвременният им литературоведски контекст

Author(s): Zapryan Kozludzhov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article analyzes the principles which the autobiographical narrative builds on. The focus is on M. Bakhtin`s views and their conceptual juxtaposition to the views on “autobiography” of P. Bourdieu, D. Verin and P. Ricœur. The study defends the thesis that through the definitely teleological and reflexive organization of the narrative about himself or herself, the autobiographer has the most immediate opportunity to defend their own identity on the basis of the narration they have taken upon themselves.

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Минко Николов и Франц Кафка

Author(s): Mladen Vlashki / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Minko Nikolov is the first literary scientist and critic in the Republic of Bulgaria to have studied Kafka’s work. The present article is a reconstruction of his sources and choices of interpretation. Furthermore, it supports the idea of revealing „how things are done“. During the stay of Minkov in East-Berlin in 1956-1958 he changes his dogmatic Marxist position and orientates his arguments in interpreting Kafka towards the work of the Austrian Marxist Ernst Fischer. After 1962 he starts correspondence with him and evaluates his works as much needed for the Bulgarian intellectuals in connection to the overcoming of the Stalinist spirit in the Bulgarian culture of the 1960s. In this way Minko Nikolov, by meeting Kafka, sets sail on the road of literature dissidence, which for him ends with suicide in 1966, and for Fischer – with a stigmatization as a renegade personally from Brezhnev and exclusion from the communist party.

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Посмъртното битие на поетите, или за три лирически антологични книги

Author(s): Gergina Krysteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present paper, entitled „The Posthumous Life of the Author, or Three Lyrical Anthologies”, is an overview and part of a larger study of the period 2008-2017. It puts an emphasis on some personal details linked to concrete anthologies of two contemporary Bulgarian poets – Veselin Sariev and Yanaki Petrov. Тhese posthumous editions were prepared and released by editors upon the poets’ demise; they present opportunities for revealing research perspectives on the actual tendency of the last decade – completing and expressing the entirety of artistic biographies through the gesture of a posthumous anthological project.

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Общуване с лирическата поезия на Шекспир: преводи, прочити, тълкувания, прозрения

Author(s): Yordan Kosturkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The recent translation of Shakespeare’s sonnets by Kiril Kadiiski has provided ground for reflection on the present situation of the published Bulgarian translations of the English poet’s lyrical poetry. It is deeply impressive that within the past fifty years or so there are so many and different translations, which is an ever so rare occasion because it provides opportunities of considering different approaches by the authors of these translations. In fact this offers opportunities of starting a theoretical debate on the Bulgarian school of translating poetry and also researching the reader response to Shakespeare’s lyrical poetry.

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Rodno osjetljiva upotreba jezika

Author(s): Sandra Zlotrg / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Raspravu o rodno osjetljivoj upotrebi jezika u našoj nauci o jeziku možemo pratiti još od polovine prošlog stoljeća. Zlatko Vince u zagrebačkom časopisu „Jezik“ 1954. godine u naslovu donosi dilemu Drugarica direktor, gospođa profesor ili drugarica direktorica, gospođa profesorica? Osvrćući se na postojeću praksu da žene, posebno poslije Drugog svjetskog rata, stječu zvanja i titule koje su nekada bile rezervirane za muškarce, primjećuje kako jezička praksa ne prati stvarnost tako da u raznim društvenim sferama možemo čuti i pročitati oblike kao Ana M., profesor, Marija Z., liječnik-pripravnik i sl. Do tada je doktorka i ministarka značilo suprugu doktora i ministra, i umjesto da se nađe novi naziv za zvanje koje obavlja žena, „kancelarijski, razgovorni, a za njime i književni jezik pošao je drugim putem. Službeni je naziv za žene, kao i za muškarce: profesor, doktor, inženjer, agronom, kapetan, major, pilot i t. d.“ (Vince, 1954, str. 116).

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Tipologia variaţiei frazeologice

Author(s): Liliana Trinca / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Phraseology, as an important language compartment, has a dynamic character. The dynamics of phraseology is manifested by the increasing number of phraseological units and by their modification, as well as by a very productive phenomenon of phraseological variation, "phraseological derailment", which is a type of reorganization (by de-structuring / re-structuring the signifier and the signified of the phraseological unit) that occurs spontaneously or with a stylistic intent. "Phraseological derailment", the emergence of phraseological duplicates, whether ephemeral or occasional, is a testimony to the fact that phraseological units are dynamic models. The perpetual competition between canonical forms alias traditional ones as well as between various duplicates and innovative variants catalyses multiple changes in expression and content. The article focuses on the dynamics of phraseological units with archaic elements in modern Romanian from the perspective of the phenomenon of "phraseological derailment" and related phenomena, highlighting, as much as possible, a series of changes of form and meaning of some phraseological models consecrated by use as canonical and traceable forms in Romanian dictionaries.

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W poszukiwaniu archetypu nauczyciela. Rozważania w świetle koncepcji Berniego Neville’a

Author(s): Paweł Sporek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author, referring to the theory of archetypes associated with variousmythological figures, reflects on the types of teachers and the attitudesthey present as well as their presence in the institutional space of theschool. Presenting the research findings of Bernie Neville, he situatesthem in relation to significant Polish studies in the field of pedagogy andgeneral didactics. The author reveals the mechanisms of the teacher’sinfluence on the student’s development and shows the relationship betweenthe pedagogue’s traits and the ways in which he or she shapesinterpersonal relationships in the workplace.

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Nauczycielskie kompetencje w przededniu 100-lecia sformułowania koncepcji progresywistycznej w edukacji

Author(s): Marek Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an attempt to show the competences of the Polish languageteachers in a broader sense, as a dispute between what is practical andsimple and what is complex and difficult. Thus, it is a dispute betweenpragmatism and progressivism. Between the “obvious” top-down reformof education (reducing pedagogy to simplifications similar to superstitions)and the competences of a teacher which allow for reflection andplanned progress.The article is published on the centenary of formulating the progressivistconcept of education by the Association for Advancement of ProgressiveEducation.

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Rozwijanie kompetencji humorystycznej na lekcjach języka polskiego

Author(s): Anna Krasowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to humour in school didactics. In addition to teachingPolish language and culture through humour, the author proposesintroducing the teaching of humour, which is understood as the developmentof humour competences. The acquisition of receiving and creatinghumour should include the component of knowledge and skills. Thedevelopment of humour competences is an integral component of language,literary and sociocultural learning.

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Lęk przed interpretacją

Author(s): Krzysztof Biedrzycki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Interpretation is a one of the most important competences taught duringclasses of Polish language and literature. This in not only a skillof reading the sense of a literary text but also a way of understandingthe world. Unfortunately, most students fear independent interpretation. Teachers not only do not help them but they confirm them in thisattitude. Teachers themselves feel anxiety about individual reading. Thecauses of the fear of interpretation are described in the article. We haveto overcome this fear in the modern teaching of humanities becauseinterpretation is a competence necessary for independent and creativehuman development.

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П. К. Яворов и българските публицистични силуети

Author(s): Kalina Lukova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the article, contexts in P.K. Yavorov’s journalistic works are identified and analyzed: biographic and historic contexts related to Macedonia; poetic contexts: the cycle „Haidouk Songs” and the poetry of Yavorov, Botev and Vazov as poets; journalistic contexts: articles by Hristo Botev and Zahari Stoyanov. The research is in the aspects of topic studies, genre studies, stylistics.

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Сатирата на Райко Алексиев и неканоничната страна на "високите идеали" на модерната нация

Author(s): Albena Vacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article is focused on the sketch named „Travel notes (Contribution to the native geography)“ of one of the most famous Bulgarian humourists between two world wars Rayko Alexiev. The general topic in Rayko Alexiev’s text, composed of 8 pictures, is Rodopi Mountain – the emblematic natural image of Bulgarian interwar exotism. The difficult lives of the people who live there, harsh economic situation, lack of medical care, corruption, bureaucracy and views of life full of superstitions are confronted with the high ideals of the modern nation. The critical attention in the article is on the Alexiev’s humour and satire, their presence in newspapers and the role of satirization in revealing the abstract nature of social ideologies.

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LOCUL LIMBILOR MINORITARE ȘI UTILIZAREA LOR ÎN SISTEMUL PREUNIVERSITAR GERMAN

Author(s): Oxana Chira / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Die Sprache(n) prägen unseren Alltag und sie ermöglichenuns die Kommunikation. Die Herkunftssprache ist Ausdruck einer kulturellenPraxis und hilft uns anerkannt zu werden. Die Schule nimmt in Bezug auf Spracheeine wichtige Funktion ein: Sie soll allen SuS gleichermaßen befähigen dieBildungssprache zu erlernen, um erfolgreich Bildungspotential zu entfalten,unabhängig von sozialer Herkunft, Religion oder Herkunftssprache. Ein wichtigesZiel schulischen Wandels ist eine qualitativ hochwertige und sozial gerechteBildung, durch die alle Heranwachsenden die Kompetenzen erwerben können, diesie benötigen, um in einer Gesellschaft unter Anerkennung der Menschenrechte zuhandeln und an demokratischen Prozessen teilzunehmen. Der Artikel versuchteinige Erfahrungen für eine inklusive Bildungspraxis in derEinwanderungsgesellschaft vorzustellen, um die Lehrkräfte und andere mit derSchule befassten Fachkräfte zu befähigen.

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ZUR ENTWICKLUNG INTERKULTURELLER KOMPETENZ IM DAF-UNTERRICHT

Author(s): Ana Pomelnicova / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the concept of intercultural competence, which is considered from the point of view of conceptual ideas of the competence approach. The author defines the concept of “competence” and demonstrates that mastering intercultural competence forms the basis for developing the necessary skills of successful intercultural dialogues in future specialists: mobility, flexibility, adaptability to new situations, which implies the integration of the individual into global and national cultures.

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OVERCOMING CULTURE SHOCK AT THE EFL LESSONS

Author(s): Micaela Ţaulean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the phenomenon of “culture shock” ateducational institutions.The author of the article tries to identify the factorscontributing to culture shock in order to find some pedagogical strategies to copewith this phenomenon, and therefore, facilitate the acclimatization in the hostcountry.

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