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Pojęcie równowagi na konkurencyjnym rynku ubezpieczeń

Author(s): Łukasz Kuryłowicz,Adam Śliwiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article shows the possibility of analyzing the insurance market by using the Rothschild–Stiglitz equilibrium model and its subsequent modifications. As an example the Polish market of compulsory third party liability insurance was used. The first part of the article describes this market, both in terms of its structure and the financial results of insurance companies operating in the group 10 of insurance. In the next part, the main focus is on describing the assumptions of the Rothschild–Stiglitz model both for the markets characterized by full common knowledge and those operating under the conditions of information asymmetry. In the last part, the authors used the Rothschild–Stiglitz model to simulate the market behavior after having introduced a new type of insurance contract which allowed access to information collected byon-board ADR recorders. The simulation showed that, in accordance with the model, the use of new technologies can bring the market closer to the state of equilibrium.

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Porządkowanie liniowe z wykorzystaniem wskaźników finansowych zakładów ubezpieczeń w Polsce

Author(s): Anna Gierusz,Agnieszka Pobłocka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Insurance companies play a very important role of investors and stabilizers in the economy of a country and of the world. In Poland, in 2019, 58 insurance companies conducted insurance activities. How to rate/evaluate insurance companies, their financial condition, using many technical and economic indicators at the same time? How to choose diagnostic variables? How to build a ranking of insurance companies according to a specific aggregation criterion of selected insurance characteristics? The aim of the study is to assess the financial condition of insurance companies according to synthetic objective functions containing simultaneously many technical and economic insurance values. Secondary goal is to determine the hierarchy of the surveyed insurance companies according to one of the synthetic measures applied. For this purpose, one of the methods of multidimensional comparative analysis will be used–linear orderingfor pattern and non-pattern methods using set of insurance statistics from financial results published by The Polish Chamber of Insurance.

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Uvodne napomene

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Projekat „Jednake šanse za sve medije“ ima za cilj da doprinese kreiranju jasnih mehanizama kontrole državnog finansiranja i dodjele pomoći medijima, u skladu sa propisima Evropske unije i najboljim međunarodnim praksama i standardima.

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Javne nabavke i medijsko oglašavanje organa javne uprave

Author(s): Jovana Marović / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Sistem javnih nabavki u Crnoj Gori je uspostavljen 2001. godine, ali je u normativnom i institucionalnom smislu unaprijeđen 2006.godine kada je usvojen drugi zakonski okvir. Potpuno razdvajanje nadležnosti i pozicioniranje institucija u sistemu postignuto je važećim Zakonom o javnim nabavkama koji je usvojen 2011. godine. Zakon uvodi bitne novine koje se odnose na povećanje transparentnosti objavljivanjem svih planova, kao i poziva i ugovora na portalu javnih nabavki. Ipak, ovaj Zakon uključuje i manjkave odredbe o antikorupcijskim pravilima i sukobu interesa i ne usklađuje u potpunosti postupke s acquisjem, u prvom redu šoping metodu. Institucionalni okvir obuhvata Upravu za javne nabavke koja vrši monitoring nad primjenom Zakona, kao i upravne i stručne poslove u oblasti javnih nabavki, dok Državna komisija za kontrolu postupaka javnih nabavki odlučuje po žalbama učesnika u postupku.

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Uporedna iskustva

Author(s): Tanja Maksić,Wanda Tiefenbacher / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Ekonomski odnosi medija i države u Srbiji dinamično su se razvijali od demokratskih promjena 2000. godine do danas. Medijsko tržište se u pojedinim periodima naglo razvijalo i raslo, dok posljednjih godina doživljava ozbiljnu recesiju uslijed ekonomske krize. Za sve to vrijeme, država se ustanovila kao značajan faktor medijskog tržišta. Istovremeno, mediji u posttranzicionoj Srbiji nijesu stekli mehanizme da se odupru ekonomskoj nestabilnosti.

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Poglavlje 10: Informaciono društvo i mediji

Author(s): Chiara Gaia Iascone / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Poglavlje 10 sadrži pravila koja omogućuju efikasno funkcionisanje zajedničkog tržišta u području telekomunikacionih usluga i mreža, kao i njihovu promociju, razvoj i širu dostupnost. Cilj EU je da korisnicima osigura usluge po povoljnim cijenama (mobilna i fiksna telefonija, pristup internetu, besplatni hitni pozivi i dr.) uz stimulaciju tržišne utakmice i smanjenje dominacije monopola koji se i dalje održavaju za određene usluge (npr. pristup internetu velike brzine). Jedan od prioriteta EU je inkluzija informatičkog društva, radi smanjenja digitalne podijeljenosti na različitim nivoima. U području audiovizuelne politike odnosno medija, naglasak je na zaštiti maloljetnika od neprimjerenih programskih sadržaja i oglašavanja, kao i na pravilima o televizijskoj trgovini i oglašavanju.

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Dylematy banków spółdzielczych w dobie rewolucji cyfrowej 4.0 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wyzwań w sferze marketingu

Author(s): Grzegorz Kotliński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to answer the following questions: How can the business of cooperative banks be shaped in the face of the challenges of the digital revolution 4.0? What dilemmas do member banks pose in this situation? What are the marketing challenges facing the entire cooperative and individual banking sector? How can we secure and maintain an edge on local markets in the digital revolution 4.0? Cooperative banks were forced to take measures to meet the demands of the digital revolution. Most of them benefit from the support offered to them by their member banks. However, this makes it difficult to achieve economies of scale (some activities are duplicated rather than centralised) and to maintain a unified identity across the sector and makes it difficult to achieve coherent marketing. The managers of the individual cooperative banks have to make decisions which either lead to a gradual loss of autonomy or to difficulties in establishing an identity on the local markets. This situation needs to be considered, as the Digital Revolution 4.0 offers many opportunities that can be used properly to streng then the coherentidentity of the entire industry, while at the same time enabling more efficient marketing and increasing operational efficiency.

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Branding as a Part of Tourist Destination Development

Author(s): Brankica TODOROVIĆ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Destination branding is of special importance to the development of tourism in accordance with the requirements of tourist demand. The brand builds loyalty and reduces the risk associated with the intangibility of tourism products. In addition to the growth of tourist demand, the number of protected areas within which tourism is developing in accordance with the prescribed protection system is also increasing. The objectives of the analysis in the paper are: importance of tourist destinations and protected areas as brands; opportunities for tourism development in protected areas; and elements of branding in the tourist region of Western Serbia.

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REFLEXIA VEDECKÉHO VÝSKUMU CESTOVNÉHO RUCHU V DIZERTAČNÝCH A HABILITAČNÝCH PRACACH OBHAJOVANÝCH NA EKONOMICKEJ FAKULTE UMB V ROKOCH 1990 – 2012

Author(s): Andrej Malachovský,Ľubica Šebová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Scientific research is an essential part of the work of each university teacher and a natural part of his qualification growth in doctorate and habilitation procedure. PhD and habilitation thesis reflect the level of knowledge and their own thought processes. Every scientist in his research and publications follows specific basic line of content, which is also a natural result of the qualification growth. Forty-six doctoral and habilitation thesis have been defended from 1990 to 2012 at the Faculty of Economics MBU, of which 33 doctoral and 13 habilitation thesis. Most attention is devoted to the economy and policy of tourism (12), management and marketing of tourism (8), quality in tourism (6), business economy and controlling in tourism (5), business environment in tourism (4). Other thesis has dialed the problems of ecologic management, information systems, strategic management, regional policy and investitions in tourism.

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Приложение на платформите за медиен мониторинг в кризисния PR

Author(s): Dimitrina Petrova Stefanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Digital interaction, new ways of processing and interpreting data, the sense of connectivity and the speed of over-response of stakeholders leads to the challenge of a „race against time“ in response to crises. The chain reaction of the movement of information leads to changes in crisis communications. Deeply influenced by these changes, the field of crisis PR seeks the most rational research tools in management practices. In this article, we claim that in case of systemic crises and threats to organization and trust, media monitoring platforms are a key tool. In the context of theoretical synthesis based on international studies, comparative and comparative analysis shall be used.

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Geleneksel Pazarlamadan Yeşil Pazarlamaya Geçiş Süreci: Tüketicinin Yeşil Ürün Tercihini Etkileyen Faktörler

Author(s): Necmiye Kapusuz,Cihat Kartal,Tülin Durukan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In this study, a literature review on the process that transforms from traditional marketing to green marketing has been made and the green marketing classification has been evaluated comparatively. For this purpose, a wide range of national and international articles published in marketing, business and management journals between 1992-2022 were scanned. The findings obtained from the review constitute the main theme of this study.

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Yeşil Organizasyonlar

Author(s): Deniz Yildiz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Since organizations are social systems that interact with the environment, the development of green environmental awareness among the organization is inevitable in order to make natural resources sustainable. Regardless of the sector, organizations must develop an awareness of environmental problems. Today, environmental awareness is very important in order to provide competitive advantages and to make this superiority sustainable. Therefore, green organization functions have taken the place of classical functioning in organizations. Green organizations have a strategic importance in terms of using resources economically, developing green awareness towards nature and making this awareness sustainable. In this way, while the costs of the organizations decrease, the corporate image is also positively affected. While the main purpose of the top management in traditional management approaches was to produce and market the needed product or service, today, in addition to this purpose, environmental awareness has been added as an extension of corporate social responsibility. In this direction, in addition to the basic objectives of the organizations, it is ensured that they use their resources economically with green environmental awareness, reduce their costs and contribute to the sustainability of the resources. In this section, under the title of green organization, it is emphasized the place and importance of some functions in the management of organizations such as human resources management, production and marketing. At the same time, it is aimed to investigate the current studies on green organizations in the literature. According to the result, green environmental policies come first among the corporate social responsibilities of organizations. A green organization with environmentally friendly strategies, sustainability and green behavior is a beacon of hope for future generations. Sustainable green strategies give organizations a competitive advantage.

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Wpływ przyjętej polityki rachunkowości na wyniki analizy finansowej – decyzje jednostek w warunkach niepewności

Author(s): Zofia Wierzbińska,Marek Wierzbiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to present the impact of the adopted accounting policy and its impact through the financial statements on the results of the financial analysis—by influencing the base data used in this analysis. The issues presented in the paper are issues in the area of individuals’ decision-making allowed by law—and they still provide the entity with tools to improve its “financial image”. Deliberate, aggressive data distortions would have a far-reaching impact.

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Rentowność przedsiębiorstw w warunkach niepewności – analiza z wykorzystaniem sieci neuronowych

Author(s): Dawid Szutowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the effects of the selected macroeconomic variables on the profitability of enterprises. A neural network, specifically a multilayer perceptron, was used to analyse the data. The input layer included three macroeconomic variables (unemployment rate, real disposable income and wages), and the output layer included the target variable, i.e. net return on assets (ROA). Sensitivity analysis was also performed. The study used data for almost 6,300 enterprises representing 21 sections specified in the Polish Classification of Activities. The analysis indicated that the most important variable in the context of shaping ROA is the dynamics of the average monthly gross real wage in the national economy. The second most important factor is the unemployment rate, and the least important is the dynamics of gross real disposable income. The paper attempts to fill the research gap concerning the effects of macroeconomic variables on company profitability.

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Grzeszne spółki: synteza 15 lat badań teoretycznych i empirycznych

Author(s): Paweł Niszczota / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the narrowest sense, sin stocks are shares in companies engaged in the production of alcohol, tobacco, or gambling. Starting with the article by Hong and Kacperczyk (2009), they have been attracting an increasing interest from researchers. In this article, I attempt to synthesize recent theoretical and empirical work on morally controversial companies, by presenting (1) differences in the way sin stocks are defined, (2) work on estimating the sin stock premium, (3) determinants of propensity to invest in sin stocks, and (4) studies analysing selected cases in which sinful investments can be perceived differently. These could include (a) delegating investment decisions to fund managers who have behaved nobly in the past, (b) delegating decisions to algorithms, and (c) short-selling sin stocks. Additionally, I present several potential directions for researchers interested in sin stocks.

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B&B маркетинг на международни компании в сферата на строителството

Author(s): Ivet Tileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study is an empirical analysis of B&B marketing strategies of three international supplier companies in the construction sector. The companies are established in EU countries and operate on the Bulgarian market for years, supplying facade systems for building construction. The companies have consistent marketing activity in recent years and are involved in the construction of emblematic buildings for the capital. Their contribution to the realization of the projects is of great significance, as they determine how the facade of each of the buildings will look like. The purpose of the study is to make a correlation between the level of media exposure and the scale of the investment projects in which the supplier is involved.

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Маркетинг, основан на доказателства – ситуационен анализ на недостига на лекарства като криза в публичното здравеопазване

Author(s): Boryana Marinkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Public health crises have excited the scientific community for decades because of the high degree of impact on large populations and the severe consequences for the economy and the public sphere. They could influence any national policy, threaten national security, be an obstacle in the development and maintenance of economic relationships, and on an individual level – they could have extremely serious consequences for the protection of life and its quality for every single citizen. Given the fact that providers of services and products in the healthcare sector are predominantly private entities regulated by the public authority, the search for solutions from the scope of Marketing as a science and practice aims to explore and offer public administration bodies flexible and effective practices and policies. Emphasis is placed on one of the еvidence-based marketing regarding one of the hot problems of public healthcare – а situational analysis the shortage of drugs, bringing out the user profile of the shortage, for which the author has carried out his own research. A variety of marketing methods are explored and analysed, the proprietary research is supplemented by aggregated data on shortages from the perspective of regulators, wholesalers and retailers.

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Packaging supporting food sustainability

Author(s): Mariusz Tichoniuk,Karolina Wiszumirska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The chapter generally presents a new approach to the design of packaging and packaging materials that supports food sustainability. Concern for environmentally friendly packaging and packaging materials drives the development of their design for recycling and increasing popularity of reusable packaging. Food sustainability is also one of the main prerequisites in the packaging optimum approach and ensuring product accessibility via its packaging applied in the supply chain. Active packaging systems allow for extending the shelf life of food, and intelligent packaging supports the reduction of food waste and losses. Modern solutions for automatic data collection, such as RFID tags and geolocation systems, can also support the management of data on food products in logistics. The chapter presents successively new approaches to packag ingdesign, design for recycling, reusable packaging, and smart packaging solutions supporting food sustainability.

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Food labelling system—consumers’ perspective

Author(s): Katarzyna Włodarska,Katarzyna Pawlak-Lemańska,Maria Sielicka-Różyńska,Urszula Samotyja / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The information placed on labels is intended to serve consumers by providing them with information about composition, nutritional quality and shelf life of food products as well asto promote waste-prevention behaviour and support sustainable food systems. Even though consumers declare interest in the information on labels, their knowledge of the composition and nutritional value of the products and understanding of this information (e.g., nutritional factstable, minimum durability date: “best before”, and “use by” date) is often insufficient. European and international health institutions and societies are now placing great emphasis on developing clear and comprehensive information to consumers about the properties of food products and their impact on health, using legislative instruments and recommendations. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the latest research showing how food labelling can support consumers in their healthy and sustainable purchasing decisions.

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Polityka rachunkowości w kreowaniu wizerunku jednostki gospodarczej I zarządzaniu wrażeniem

Author(s): Katarzyna Czajkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this chapter is to assess how accounting policy can affect the creation of the image of an economic entity generated by the accounting system and presented in published reports, especially financial statements, as well as the possibility of using accounting policy in impression management. The conducted considerations show that the selection of appropriate solutions in the field of accounting policy functioning within the right to choose and the fields of free action allows to create an image of the company favourable from the point of view of a given company. Conscious creating accounting policy of an economic entity and the application of selected principles makes it possible to evoke such an impression on the recipients of reporting information, which may encourage them to make decisions desirable from the point of view of managers.

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